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| 1 | Agricultural development and human diets in Gouwan site,Xichuan,Henan显示文摘This paper undertook the C and N stable isotopic analysis of human bones unearthed at the Gouwan site in Xichuan,Henan,to reveal the human diets and to explore the lifestyle of humans and the development of rice and millet agriculture.The contribution of rice to human diets was almost equal to that of millet in this site though millet agriculture is the traditional economic model for the middle Yellow River Valley.On the other hand,the comparison of C and N stable isotopes in different cultural periods clearly indicates changes in millet and rice agriculture.Humans mainly depended on agriculture and gathering in the Yangshao Culture I. Millet agriculture,livestock rearing,and fishing were enhanced in the Yangshao Culture II.Millet agriculture and animal husbandry developed steadily in the Yangshao Culture III.After that the mixed rice and millet agriculture developed further.In addition,rice agriculture spread to the north in the climate suitable for cultural exchanges between north and south in the Yangshao Culture phases.In the Qujialing Culture period,under a colder climate,the rice farming was not dominant,though the Qujialing Culture played a key role in the site. | FU QiaoMei JIN SongAn HU YaoWu MA Zhao PAN JianCai WANG ChangSui | 2010 | Chinese Science Bulletin2010，55，7： | 13 |
| 2 | Transition of human diets and agricultural economy in Shenmingpu Site, Henan, from the Warring States to Han Dynasties显示文摘Historical records and archaeological remains indicate that the Chinese agricultural economy changed significantly from the Warring States (475-221 BC) to Han Dynasties (206 BC-220 AD), i.e., from rice-millet based agriculture to rice-millet-wheat based agriculture. However, the variation of human diets and the inner relationship between human diets and the agricultural transition during this period remain poorly understood. In this paper, the C and N stable isotopes from human and animal bones at the Shenmingpu site (SMPS), Xichuan County, Henan Province were analyzed. If some outliers (M34, M36, M102) were excluded, the mean 13C value (( 16.7±0.8)‰, n=15) of humans in Han Dynasties was dramatically lower than that in the Warring States (( 12.7±0.8)‰, n=14), indicating that the cultivation of rice and wheat, especially wheat, had been more widely popularized in Han Dynasties. Meanwhile, the range of 15N values of humans (6.6‰-9.3‰) in Han Dynasties was narrower than that of the Warring States (6.2‰-10.4‰), suggesting that the animal protein resources in human foods during Han Dynasties were more concentrated. The transition of human diets and the close relationship with the change of agricultural economy in SMPS were due to more stable society, the carryout of new agricultural policies, and the emergence of new agricultural tools in Han Dynasties. | HOU LiangLiang WANG Ning Lu Peng HU YaoWu SONG GuoDing WANG ChangSui | 2012 | Science China Earth Sciences2012，55，6： | 10 |
| 3 | Tianshanbeilu and the Isotopic Millet Road: reviewing the late Neolithic/Bronze Age radiation of human millet consumption from north China to Europe显示文摘The westward expansion of human millet consumption from north China has important implications for understanding early interactions between the East and West.However,few studies have focused on the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region,the vast geographical area directly linking the ancient cultures of the Eurasian Steppe and the Gansu Corridor of China.In this study,we present the largest isotopic investigation of Bronze Age China(n=110)on material from the key site of Tianshanbeilu,in eastern Xinjiang.The large range ofδ13C values(–17.6 to–7.2;–15.5±1.2)provides direct evidence of unique dietary diversity and consumption of significant C4 resources(millets).The highδ15N results(10.3 to 16.7;14.7±0.8)likely reflect sheep/goat and wild game consumption and the arid climate of the Taklamakan Desert.Radiocarbon dates from four individuals indicate Tianshanbeilu was in use between 1940 and1215 cal bc.The Tianshanbeilu results are then analysed with respect to 52 Bronze Age sites from across Eurasia,to investigate the spread and chronology of significant human millet consumption and human migration.This isotopic survey finds novel evidence that the second millennium bc was a dynamic period,with significant dietary interconnectivity occurring between north China,Central Asia and Siberia.Further,we argue that this‘Isotopic Millet Road’extended all the way to the Mediterranean and Central Europe,and conclude that these C4 dietary signatures of millet consumption reflect early links(migration and/or resource transfer)between the Bronze Age inhabitants of modern-day China and Europe. | Tingting Wang Dong Wei Xien Chang Zhiyong Yu Xinyu Zhang Changsui Wang Yaowu Hu Benjamin T.Fuller | 2019 | National Science Review2019，6，5： | 8 |
| 4 | Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope evidence of human and pig diets at the Qinglongquan site,China显示文摘Previous studies on the Rice-Millet(foxtail millet and common millet) Blended Zone in Chinese Neolithic have not clearly addressed such questions as the importance of primitive rice-millet mixed agriculture to human lifestyle and livestock managements within this region,the relationship among the development of the agriculture,paleoenvironment,and cultural interactions,and so on.Here stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of human and pig bones from the Qinglongquan site was conducted,covering two cultural phases,namely the Qujialing Culture(3000 BC to 2600 BC) and the Shijiahe Culture(2600 BC to 2200 BC) .Based on this analysis,we further discussed the diets of ancient humans and pigs in the site,investigated the importance of rice-millet mixed agriculture to human and pig diets,and explored the relationship among the primitive rice agriculture and millet agriculture,cultural interactions,and paleoenvironment.The δ13C values of human bone collagen(-16.7‰ to-12.4‰,averaging-14.6‰±1.3‰,n=24) revealed that both C3 and C4 foods were consumed,probably from the contribution of rice(C3 plant) and millets(C4 plants) due to the coexistence of these crops at this site.In addition,the human mean δ13C value suggested that millet agriculture was only minor in human diets.The human δ15N values(6.6‰to 10.8‰,averaging 9.0‰±1.2‰,n=24) showed that animal resources played a significant role in human diets,and varied greatly.The mean δ13C value of the pigs(-14.3‰±2.5‰,n=13) was quite similar to that of the humans,but the mean δ15N value of the pigs was slightly less(1.3‰) .The similar δ13C and δ15N values between humans and pigs suggested that the pigs consumed a lot of humans'food remains.No correlations of the δ13C and δ15N values between humans and pigs showed that both human and pig diets were based mainly on plant foods,which might be related to highly developed rice-millet mixed agriculture at that time. In comparison with the human and pig diets between the two periods,millet agriculture contributed more than 10%in the Shijiahe Culture,if a simple mixing model was used.This apparent dietary shift matched the climatic variation and agricultural development through the time.In warm and humid climate with the expansion of the Qujialing Culture northwards,rice was widely cultivated.However,when the climate was cold and arid,northern culture was expanding southwards.Thus,millet agriculture became more important. | GUO Yi HU YaoWu ZHU JunYing ZHOU Mi WANG ChangSui Michael P. RICHARDS | 2011 | Science China Earth Sciences2011，54，4： | 6 |
| 5 | Palaeodietary study of Sanxingcun Site,Jintan,Jiangsu显示文摘C and N stable isotope ratios of 19 human bones in Sanxingcun Site, Jintan, Jiangsu Province, were measured to explore the lifestyle and social economic structure. Although the bone collagen degraded to different extents, the atomic ratio of C/N was located in the range of 2.9-3.6, indicating that they were preserved very well. Average δ13C value (20.05±0.21‰), average δ 15N value (9.69 ±0.33‰) and poor positive correlation between each other suggested that rice agriculture was dominant with hunt-ing-fishing supplemented in human lifestyle. Poor negative correlation between δ 15N values and C3 percentages of foods implied relative independence of rice agriculture and hunting-fishing. Compared to Hemudu Site and Qingpu Site, rice agriculture was developed further, but hunting-fishing decreased. The mode for people in Sanxingcun Site to get the meat was still in the initial exploitation. | HU YaoWu WANG GenFu CUI YaPing DONG Yu GUAN Li WANG ChangSui | 2007 | Chinese Science Bulletin2007，52，5： | 4 |
| 6 | A Pilot Study of Trophic Level and Human Origins at the Xiaoshuangqiao Site, China(ca. 1400 BC) Using 8D Values of Collagen显示文摘We present here a pilot study to examine trophic level effects and migration patterns at the middle Shang Dynasty site of Xiaoshuangqiao in Henan Province using δD results combined with δ^(13)C and δ^(15)N values. A total of 33 specimens(17 humans, 7 cattle, 5 pigs, 3 sheep, 1 dog) of bone collagen were isotopically analyzed for δ^(13)C, δ^(15)N, and dD values. A strong positive correlation(R^2 = 0.94)between mean δ^(15)N and δD values of herbivores(cattle and sheep), omnivores(pig), carnivores(dog)and humans was observed. The δD results were found to increase by ~10‰ to 20‰ from herbivores to omnivores to carnivorous, evidence that collagen δD results are a useful indicator for the study of trophic levels and dietary patterns at archaeological sites. The δD results were also used to examine the origins of two different groups of individuals buried at Xiaoshuangqiao. Individuals buried in sacrificial pits of district V had mean δD values(-47.0 ± 2.9‰, n = 11) that were significantly(p =0.049) elevated compared to the people buried in the stratigraphy of district IX(-51.3 ± 3.3‰, n = 3),indicating that they were ingesting water from different locations. In addition, the D values of the people buried in the stratigraphy were similar to the pigs(-54.5 ± 4.2‰, n = 5) at Xiaoshuangqiao,suggesting that they were most probably of the local population, and that the individuals buried in the sacrificial pits were most possibly from the coast and prisoners of the Dongyi('东夷')people. Thus,δD results have the potential to examine human origins and migration patterns and should be increasingly used in conjunction with δ^(13)C and δ^(15)N values at archaeological sites. | WANG Ning LI Suting HU Yaowu SONG Guoding | 2017 | Acta Geologica Sinica(English Edition)2017，91，5： | 2 |
| 7 | The subsistence patterns of the Shengedaliang site(-4,000 yr BP)revealed by stable carbon and nitrogen isotopes in northern Shaanxi,China显示文摘In order to explore subsistence patterns in northern Shaanxi Province around 4,000 yr BP,28 human and 24 animal bones from the Shengedaliang site were sampled for stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratio analysis.The results show that most people primarily subsisted on C_4 resources,e.g.millet and millet-related animal products,despite the fact that there was some intake of C_3 plants by some individuals.Stable nitrogen isotope values indicate that there were differences in meat consumption between individuals at the site.Pigs were mainly foddered with millet and millet byproducts,as well as some cattle,according to their highδ^(13)C values.However,most cattle and the sheep/goats consumed wild C_3 plants at Shengedaliang.Our above findings indicates that subsistence patterns in northern Shaanxi around 4,000 yr BP were characterized by millet farming,while the grassland animal husbandry,e.g.cattle and sheep/goats raising,displayed very little contribution to local economy.The intensive millet farming in northern Shaanxi provided enough food for population growth,ensured the accumulation of wealth,and consequently accelerated social differentiation and complexity. | CHEN XiangLong GUO XiaoNing WANG WeiLin HU SongMei YANG MiaoMiao WU Yan HU YaoWu | 2017 | Science China Earth Sciences2017，60，2： | 2 |
| 8 | Stable isotope analysis of humans from Xiaojing shan site: implications for understand the origin of millet agriculture in China显示文摘 | Yaowu Hu Shougong Wang Fengshi Luan | 2008 | Journal of Archaeological Science2008，35，： | 1 |
| 9 | Microstructure Evolution of SnAgCuEr Lead-free Solders Under High Temperature Aging显示文摘 | Hu Hao Yaowu Shi Zhidong Xia Yongping Lei Fu Guo | 2008 | Journal of Electronic Materials2008，，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Preparation and characterization of fluorinated poly(aryl ether oxadiazole)s anion exchange membranes based on imidazolium salts显示文摘 | Qunhui Hu Yuming Shang Yaowu Wang Min Xu Shubo Wang Xiaofeng Xie Yonggang Liu Hailiang Zhang Jinhai Wang Zongqiang Mao | 2012 | International Journal of Hydrogen Energy2012，，17： | 1 |
| 11 | Human subsistence strategy at Liuzhuang site,Henan,China during the proto-Shang culture(~2000 ~ 1600 BC)by stable isotopic analysis显示文摘 | Hou Liangliang Hu Yaowu Zhao Xinping | | 0，，05： | 1 |
| 12 | Effects of small amount addition of rare earth Er on microstructure and property of SnAgCu solder显示文摘 | Yaowu Shi Jun Tian Hu Hao Zhidong Xia Yongping Lei Fu Guo | 2007 | Journal of Alloys and Compounds2007，，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Heat and mass transfer in laser dissimilar welding of stainless steel and nickel显示文摘 | Yaowu Hu Xiuli He Gang Yu Zhifu Ge Caiyun Zheng Weijian Ning | 2012 | Applied Surface Science2012，，15： | 1 |
| 14 | Effects of smallamount addition of rare earth Er on microstructure andproperty of SnAgCu solder显示文摘 | SHI Yaowu TIAN Jun HAO Hu | 2008 | Journal of Alloys andCompounds2008，453，12： | 1 |
| 15 | A New Fast andRobust Method Based on Head Detection for People-FlowCounting System显示文摘 | HU YAOWU ZHOU PING ZHOU HAO | 2011 | International Journal of InformationEngineering(IJIE)2011，1，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Wire-feed laser additive manufacturing of dissimilar metals via dual molten pool interface interlocking mechanism显示文摘Intermetallic compounds produced in laser additive manufacturing are the main factors restricting the joint performance of dissimilar metals.To solve this problem,a dual molten pool interface interlocking mechanism was proposed in this study.Based on a dual molten pool interface interlocking mechanism,the dissimilar metals,aluminum alloy and stainless steel,were produced as single-layer and multilayer samples,using the wire-feed laser additive manufacturing directed energy deposition technology.The preferred parameters for the dual molten pool interface interlocking mechanism process of the dissimilar metals,aluminum alloy and stainless steel,were obtained.The matching relationship between the interface connection of dissimilar metals and the process parameters was established.The results demonstrated excellent mechanical occlusion at the connection interface and no apparent intermetallic compound layer.Good feature size and high microhardness were observed under a laser power of 660 W,a wire feeding speed of 55 mm/s,and a platform moving speed of 10 mm/s.Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrated a faster rate of aluminum diffusion in the aluminum alloy substrate to stainless steel under the action of the initial contact force than without the initial contact force.Thus,the dual molten pool interface interlocking mechanism can effectively reduce the intermetallic compound layer when dissimilar metals are connected in the aerospace field. | HE Yi ZHANG XiaoHan ZHAO Zhe XU ShuoHeng XIA Min ZHANG Chen HU YaoWu | 2023 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2023，66，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Human subsistence strategy at Liuzhuang site, Henan, China during the proto-Shang culture (~2000–1600 BC) by stable isotopic analysis显示文摘 | Liangliang Hou Yaowu Hu Xinping Zhao Suting Li Dong Wei Yanfeng Hou Baohua Hu Peng Lv Tao Li Guoding Song Changsui Wang | 2013 | Journal of Archaeological Science2013，，5： | 1 |
| 18 | Microstructural and mechanical characteristics of laser welding of Ti6Al4V and lead metal显示文摘 | Shusen Zhao Gang Yu Xiuli He Yaowu Hu | 2012 | Journal of Materials Processing Tech2012，，7： | 1 |
| 19 | Preparation and characterization of fluorinated poly(aryl ether oxadiazole)s anion exchange membranes based on imidazolium salts显示文摘 | Qunhui Hu Yuming Shang Yaowu Wang Min Xu Shubo Wang Xiaofeng Xie Yonggang Liu Hailiang Zhang Jinhai Wang Zongqiang Mao | 2012 | International Journal of Hydrogen Energy2012，，17： | 1 |
| 20 | The influence of agriculture in the process of population integration and cultural interaction during the Eastern Zhou Period in central-south, Inner Mongolia: Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of human bones from the Dabaoshan cemetery, Helingee显示文摘Central-south Inner Mongolia, China, is highly sensitive to the cultural interactions between sedentary agriculturalists and nomadic pastoralists during the Eastern Zhou Period(770–256 BC). The previous pattern of multiple cultures and diverse ethnic groups has been transformed to the increasingly dominated cultural system of Central Plain since the middle and late Warring States Period, when the states of Zhao and Qin have conquered the most parts of central-south Inner Mongolia.However, the variation of subsistence strategies during this historical process has never been evaluated. Particularly, as the typical representative of Central Plain cultures, the effect of intensive millet agriculture is still unknown in the process of population integration and culture interaction. Thus, to explore the shift of subsistence pattern, carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analysis of bone collagen from Dabaoshan site(410–180 BC) have been performed. The isotopic result indicates a large amount of C_4-based animal protein consumed by Dabaoshan humans. According to the archaeological backgrounds, we propose the Dabaoshan persons intensively relied on the millet agriculture and developed the agro-pastoral economy, which hinted the comprehensive influences from Central plain civilizations in late Warring States Period. Further compared with other published isotopic data in the same region during different periods, we suggest the millet agriculture has played the positive role in the process of population integration and culture fusion in central-south Inner Mongolia during the Eastern Zhou Period. | ZHANG XinYu ZHANG Xu SUO MingJie WEI Dong HU YaoWu | 2018 | Science China Earth Sciences2018，61，2： | 1 |
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