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| 1 | Agricultural development and human diets in Gouwan site,Xichuan,Henan显示文摘This paper undertook the C and N stable isotopic analysis of human bones unearthed at the Gouwan site in Xichuan,Henan,to reveal the human diets and to explore the lifestyle of humans and the development of rice and millet agriculture.The contribution of rice to human diets was almost equal to that of millet in this site though millet agriculture is the traditional economic model for the middle Yellow River Valley.On the other hand,the comparison of C and N stable isotopes in different cultural periods clearly indicates changes in millet and rice agriculture.Humans mainly depended on agriculture and gathering in the Yangshao Culture I. Millet agriculture,livestock rearing,and fishing were enhanced in the Yangshao Culture II.Millet agriculture and animal husbandry developed steadily in the Yangshao Culture III.After that the mixed rice and millet agriculture developed further.In addition,rice agriculture spread to the north in the climate suitable for cultural exchanges between north and south in the Yangshao Culture phases.In the Qujialing Culture period,under a colder climate,the rice farming was not dominant,though the Qujialing Culture played a key role in the site. | FU QiaoMei JIN SongAn HU YaoWu MA Zhao PAN JianCai WANG ChangSui | 2010 | Chinese Science Bulletin2010，55，7： | 13 |
| 2 | Transition of human diets and agricultural economy in Shenmingpu Site, Henan, from the Warring States to Han Dynasties显示文摘Historical records and archaeological remains indicate that the Chinese agricultural economy changed significantly from the Warring States (475-221 BC) to Han Dynasties (206 BC-220 AD), i.e., from rice-millet based agriculture to rice-millet-wheat based agriculture. However, the variation of human diets and the inner relationship between human diets and the agricultural transition during this period remain poorly understood. In this paper, the C and N stable isotopes from human and animal bones at the Shenmingpu site (SMPS), Xichuan County, Henan Province were analyzed. If some outliers (M34, M36, M102) were excluded, the mean 13C value (( 16.7±0.8)‰, n=15) of humans in Han Dynasties was dramatically lower than that in the Warring States (( 12.7±0.8)‰, n=14), indicating that the cultivation of rice and wheat, especially wheat, had been more widely popularized in Han Dynasties. Meanwhile, the range of 15N values of humans (6.6‰-9.3‰) in Han Dynasties was narrower than that of the Warring States (6.2‰-10.4‰), suggesting that the animal protein resources in human foods during Han Dynasties were more concentrated. The transition of human diets and the close relationship with the change of agricultural economy in SMPS were due to more stable society, the carryout of new agricultural policies, and the emergence of new agricultural tools in Han Dynasties. | HOU LiangLiang WANG Ning Lu Peng HU YaoWu SONG GuoDing WANG ChangSui | 2012 | Science China Earth Sciences2012，55，6： | 10 |
| 3 | Investigation of influence of coal properties on dense-phase pneumatic conveying at high pressure显示文摘Experiments of dense-phase pneumatic conveying of pulverized coal using nitrogen were carried out in a test facility at pressures of up to 3.7 MPa to study the effects of coal type, particle size and moisture content on flow characteristics. The Jenike shear test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to provide a better understanding of effects of the material properties on flow characteristics. Two kinds of pulverized coals, Yanzhou and Datong, with similar particle size, moisture content and density, were used in the test. Pressure drop increases with increasing the particle size at similar solid-gas ratio, superficial velocity and pressure in the receiving hopper, and pressure drops through different test sections decrease firstly and then rise with increasing the conveying velocity for the same particle size, mass flow rate and pressure in the receiving hopper. The flowability of pulverized coal decreases with increasing the moisture content in the range from 3.24% to 8.18%. Unconfined yield strength (UYS) increases and flow function (FF) decreases with increasing the moisture content. Results of the shearing tests are consistent with the results of the conveying study. Pressure drops through different test sections are discussed and analyzed. | Cai Liang Xiaoxu Xie Pan Xu Xiaoping Chen Changsui Zhao Xin Wu | 2012 | Particuology2012，10，3： | 8 |
| 4 | Tianshanbeilu and the Isotopic Millet Road: reviewing the late Neolithic/Bronze Age radiation of human millet consumption from north China to Europe显示文摘The westward expansion of human millet consumption from north China has important implications for understanding early interactions between the East and West.However,few studies have focused on the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region,the vast geographical area directly linking the ancient cultures of the Eurasian Steppe and the Gansu Corridor of China.In this study,we present the largest isotopic investigation of Bronze Age China(n=110)on material from the key site of Tianshanbeilu,in eastern Xinjiang.The large range ofδ13C values(–17.6 to–7.2;–15.5±1.2)provides direct evidence of unique dietary diversity and consumption of significant C4 resources(millets).The highδ15N results(10.3 to 16.7;14.7±0.8)likely reflect sheep/goat and wild game consumption and the arid climate of the Taklamakan Desert.Radiocarbon dates from four individuals indicate Tianshanbeilu was in use between 1940 and1215 cal bc.The Tianshanbeilu results are then analysed with respect to 52 Bronze Age sites from across Eurasia,to investigate the spread and chronology of significant human millet consumption and human migration.This isotopic survey finds novel evidence that the second millennium bc was a dynamic period,with significant dietary interconnectivity occurring between north China,Central Asia and Siberia.Further,we argue that this‘Isotopic Millet Road’extended all the way to the Mediterranean and Central Europe,and conclude that these C4 dietary signatures of millet consumption reflect early links(migration and/or resource transfer)between the Bronze Age inhabitants of modern-day China and Europe. | Tingting Wang Dong Wei Xien Chang Zhiyong Yu Xinyu Zhang Changsui Wang Yaowu Hu Benjamin T.Fuller | 2019 | National Science Review2019，6，5： | 8 |
| 5 | Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope evidence of human and pig diets at the Qinglongquan site,China显示文摘Previous studies on the Rice-Millet(foxtail millet and common millet) Blended Zone in Chinese Neolithic have not clearly addressed such questions as the importance of primitive rice-millet mixed agriculture to human lifestyle and livestock managements within this region,the relationship among the development of the agriculture,paleoenvironment,and cultural interactions,and so on.Here stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis of human and pig bones from the Qinglongquan site was conducted,covering two cultural phases,namely the Qujialing Culture(3000 BC to 2600 BC) and the Shijiahe Culture(2600 BC to 2200 BC) .Based on this analysis,we further discussed the diets of ancient humans and pigs in the site,investigated the importance of rice-millet mixed agriculture to human and pig diets,and explored the relationship among the primitive rice agriculture and millet agriculture,cultural interactions,and paleoenvironment.The δ13C values of human bone collagen(-16.7‰ to-12.4‰,averaging-14.6‰±1.3‰,n=24) revealed that both C3 and C4 foods were consumed,probably from the contribution of rice(C3 plant) and millets(C4 plants) due to the coexistence of these crops at this site.In addition,the human mean δ13C value suggested that millet agriculture was only minor in human diets.The human δ15N values(6.6‰to 10.8‰,averaging 9.0‰±1.2‰,n=24) showed that animal resources played a significant role in human diets,and varied greatly.The mean δ13C value of the pigs(-14.3‰±2.5‰,n=13) was quite similar to that of the humans,but the mean δ15N value of the pigs was slightly less(1.3‰) .The similar δ13C and δ15N values between humans and pigs suggested that the pigs consumed a lot of humans'food remains.No correlations of the δ13C and δ15N values between humans and pigs showed that both human and pig diets were based mainly on plant foods,which might be related to highly developed rice-millet mixed agriculture at that time. In comparison with the human and pig diets between the two periods,millet agriculture contributed more than 10%in the Shijiahe Culture,if a simple mixing model was used.This apparent dietary shift matched the climatic variation and agricultural development through the time.In warm and humid climate with the expansion of the Qujialing Culture northwards,rice was widely cultivated.However,when the climate was cold and arid,northern culture was expanding southwards.Thus,millet agriculture became more important. | GUO Yi HU YaoWu ZHU JunYing ZHOU Mi WANG ChangSui Michael P. RICHARDS | 2011 | Science China Earth Sciences2011，54，4： | 6 |
| 6 | Palaeodietary study of Sanxingcun Site,Jintan,Jiangsu显示文摘C and N stable isotope ratios of 19 human bones in Sanxingcun Site, Jintan, Jiangsu Province, were measured to explore the lifestyle and social economic structure. Although the bone collagen degraded to different extents, the atomic ratio of C/N was located in the range of 2.9-3.6, indicating that they were preserved very well. Average δ13C value (20.05±0.21‰), average δ 15N value (9.69 ±0.33‰) and poor positive correlation between each other suggested that rice agriculture was dominant with hunt-ing-fishing supplemented in human lifestyle. Poor negative correlation between δ 15N values and C3 percentages of foods implied relative independence of rice agriculture and hunting-fishing. Compared to Hemudu Site and Qingpu Site, rice agriculture was developed further, but hunting-fishing decreased. The mode for people in Sanxingcun Site to get the meat was still in the initial exploitation. | HU YaoWu WANG GenFu CUI YaPing DONG Yu GUAN Li WANG ChangSui | 2007 | Chinese Science Bulletin2007，52，5： | 4 |
| 7 | Changes in wheat starch grains using different cooking methods: Insights into ancient food processing techniques显示文摘We investigate the morphological changes in starch grains from wheat(Triticum aestivum) using different cooking methods(boiling, steaming, frying, and baking). We compare the cooked starch grains with starch grains from ancient wheat flour cakes(Astana Cemetery, Turpan Basin, Xinjiang, China) to determine the cooking techniques used by people in Xinjiang 1200 years ago. Heat and water content affect starch grains when different cooking methods are used. Boiling and steaming results in the collapse of wheat starch grains accompanied by extreme swelling, curved granules, pasting, almost full gelatinization, a distinct extinction cross and vague granule outlines. Frying and baking cause less swelling, fewer curved granules, less pasting and only partial gelatinization of wheat starch grains, but the extinction lines are still distinct and the outlines of granules relatively clear. The pale brown substances on the starch grains make starch from baked-wheat products distinct from those cooked using other methods. | DAI Ji YANG YiMin WANG Bo WANG ChangSui JIANG HongEn | 2013 | 科学通报2013，58，S1： | 2 |
| 8 | Study on CO 2 capture using dry potassium-based sorbents through orthogonal test method显示文摘 | Chuanwen Zhao Xiaoping Chen Changsui Zhao | 2010 | International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control2010，，4： | 2 |
| 9 | Investigation on pyrolysis characteristic of natural coke using thermogravimetric and fourier-transform infrared 显示文摘 | Pang Keliang Xiang Wenguo Zhao Changsui | 2007 | Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis2007，80，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Comparison of pulverized coal combustion in air and in 02/C02 mixtures by thermo-gravimetric analysis 显示文摘 | Li Qingzhao Zhao Changsui Chen Xiaoping | 2009 | Jour- nal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis2009，85，12： | 1 |
| 11 | Enhancement of Ca-based sorbent multicyclic behavior in Ca looping process for CO2 separation显示文摘 | Li Yingjie Zhao Changsui Chen Huichao | 2009 | Chemical Engineering & Technology2009，32，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Comparison of pulverized coal combustion in air and in O2/CO2 mixtures by thermo-gravimetric analysis 显示文摘 | Li Qingzhao Zhao Changsui Chen Xiaoping | 2009 | Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis2009，85，12： | 1 |
| 13 | Microstructural analysis of the color-generating mechanism in Ru ware, modern copies and its differentiation with Jun ware显示文摘 | Yimin Yang Min Feng Xue Ling Zhenwei Mao Changsui Wang Xinmin Sun Musen Guo | 2004 | Journal of Archaeological Science2004，，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Investigation on Pyrolysis Characteristics of Natural Coke显示文摘 | Keliang Pang Changsui Zhao Wenguo Xiang | 2007 | Journal of Analyti- cal and AppliedPyrolysis2007，80，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Aggregation experiments on fine fly ash particles in uniform magnetic field 显示文摘 | Li Yongwang Zhao Changsui Wu Xin | 2007 | Powder Technology2007，174，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Numerical simulation on dense phase pneumatic conveying of pulverized coal in horizontal pipe at high pressure 显示文摘 | PU Wenhao ZHAO Changsui XIONG Yuanquan | 2010 | Chemical Engineering Science2010，65，8： | 1 |
| 17 | Flame characteristics in a novel petal swirl burner显示文摘 | ZHAO Lingling ZHOU Qiangtai ZHAO Changsui | 2008 | Combustion and Flame2008，155，12： | 1 |
| 18 | Aggregation experi- ments on fine fly ash particles in uniform magnetic field 显示文摘 | Li Yongwang Zhao Changsui Wu Xin | 2007 | Pow- der Technology2007，174，3： | 1 |
| 19 | NO formation during agri- cultural straw combustion 显示文摘 | Qingqing R Changsui Z Lunbo D | 2011 | Bioresource Technology2011，102，14： | 1 |
| 20 | TG-FTIR study on co- pyrolysis of municipal solid waste with biomass显示文摘 | REN Qiangqiang ZHAO Changsui WU Xin | 2009 | Bioresource Technology2009，100，17： | 1 |
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