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| 1 | Clostridium diffi cile associated infection,diarrhea and colitis显示文摘A new,hypervirulent strain of Clostridium difficile,called NAP1/BI/027,has been implicated in C.diffi cile outbreaks associated with increased morbidity and mortality since the early 2000s.The epidemic strain is resistant to fluoroquinolones in vitro,which was infrequent prior to 2001.The name of this strain reflects its characteristics,demonstrated by different typing methods:pulsed-field gel electrophoresis(NAP1),restriction endonuclease analysis(BI) and polymerase chain reaction(027).In 2004 and 2005,the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) emphasized that the risk of C.diff icile-associated diarrhea(CDAD) is increased,not only by the usual factors,including antibiotic exposure,but also gastrointestinal surgery/manipulation,prolonged length of stay in a healthcare setting,serious underlying illness,immune-compromising conditions,and aging.Patients on proton pump inhibitors(PPIs) have an elevated risk,as do peripartum women and heart transplant recipients.Before 2002,toxic megacolon in C.diffi cile-associated colitis(CDAC),was rare,but its incidence has increased dramatically.Up to twothirds of hospitalized patients may be infected with C.diff icile.Asymptomatic carriers admitted to healthcare facilities can transmit the organism to other susceptible patients,thereby becoming vectors.Fulminant colitis is reported more frequently during outbreaks of C.diffi cile infection in patients with inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).C.difficile infection with IBD carries a higher mortality than without underlying IBD.This article reviews the latest information on C.diffi cile infection,including presentation,vulnerable hosts and choice of antibiotics,alternative therapies,and probiotics and immunotherapy.We review contact precautions for patients with known or suspected C.difficileassociated disease.Healthcare institutions require accurate and rapid diagnosis for early detection of possible outbreaks,to initiate specific therapy and implement effective control measures.A comprehensive C.difficile infection control management rapid response team(RRT) is recommended for each health care facility.A communication network between RRTs is recommended,in coordination with each country's department of health.Our aim is to convey a comprehensive source of information and to guide healthcare professionals in the diffi cult decisions that they face when caring for these oftentimes very ill patients. | Perry Hookman Jamie S Barkin | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，13： | 13 |
| 2 | Mycophenolate mofetil for maintenance of remission in steroid-dependent autoimmune pancreatitis显示文摘Systemic corticosteroids represent the standard treatment for autoimmune pancreatitis with IgG4-associated cholangitis.For steroid-dependent disease,azathioprine has been used for maintenance of remission.Mycophenolate mofetil has been used for transplant immunosuppression and more recently for autoimmune hepatitis;however,there are no case reports to date on the use of mycophenolate mofetil in adult patients with autoimmune pancreatitis.A patient with IgG4-mediated autoimmune pancreatitis and IgG4-associated cholangitis refractory to steroids and intolerant of azathioprine was treated with mycophenolate mofetil,which inhibits de novo guanosine synthesis and blockade of both B and T lymphocyte production.Introduction of mycophenolate mofetil and uptitration to 1000 mg by mouth twice daily over a treatment period of 4 mo was associated with improvement in the patient's energy level and blood glucose control and was not associated with any adverse events.The patient was managed without a biliary stent.However,there was a return of symptoms,jaundice,increase in transaminases,and hyperbilirubinemia when the prednisone dose reached 11 mg per day.In the first report of mycophenolate mofetil use in an adult patient with IgG4-associated autoimmune pancreatitis and IgG4-associated cholangitis,the introduction of mycophenolate mofetil was safe and well-tolerated without adverse events,but it did not enable discontinuation of the steroids.Mycophenolate mofetil and other immunomodulatory therapies should continue to be studied for maintenance of remission in the large subset of patients with refractory or recurrent autoimmune pancreatitis. | Jamie B Sodikoff Steven A Keilin Sheila J Bharmal Melinda M Lewis Gottumukkala S Raju Field F Willingham | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，18： | 6 |
| 3 | Refining pathological evaluation of neoadjuvant therapy for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus显示文摘AIM:To assess tumour regression grade(TRG)and lymph node downstaging to help define patients who benefit from neoadjuvant chemotherapy.METHODS:Two hundred and eighteen consecutive patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagus or gastro-esophageal junction treated with surgery alone or neoadjuvant chemotherapy and surgery between 2005and 2011 at a single institution were reviewed.Triplet neoadjuvant chemotherapy consisting of platinum,fluoropyrimidine and anthracycline was considered for operable patients(World Health Organization performance status≤2)with clinical stage T2-4 N0-1.Response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy(NAC)was assessed using TRG,as described by Mandard et al.In addition lymph node downstaging was also assessed.Lymph node downstaging was defined by cN1 at diagnosis:assessed radiologically(computed tomography,positron emission tomography,endoscopic ultrasonography),then pathologically recorded as N0 after surgery;ypN0 if NAC given prior to surgery,or pN0if surgery alone.Patients were followed up for 5 years post surgery.Recurrence was defined radiologically,with or without pathological confirmation.An association was examined between t TRG and lymph node downstaging with disease free survival(DFS)and a comprehensive range of clinicopathological characteristics.RESULTS:Two hundred and eighteen patients underwent esophageal resection during the study interval with a mean follow up of 3 years(median follow up:2.552,95%CI:2.022-3.081).There was a 1.8%(n=4)inpatient mortality rate.One hundred and thirty-six(62.4%)patients received NAC,with 74.3%(n=101)of patients demonstrating some signs of pathological tumour regression(TRG 1-4)and 5.9%(n=8)having a complete pathological response.Forty four point one percent(n=60)had downstaging of their nodal disease(cN1 to ypN0),compared to only 15.9%(n=13)that underwent surgery alone(pre-operatively overstaged:cN1 to pN0),(P<0.0001).Response to NAC was associated with significantly increased DFS(mean DFS;TRG 1-2:5.1years,95%CI:4.6-5.6 vs TRG 3-5:2.8 years,95%CI:2.2-3.3,P<0.0001).Nodal down-staging conferred a significant DFS advantage for those patients with a poor primary tumour response to NAC(median DFS;TRG 3-5 and nodal down-staging:5.533 years,95%CI:3.558-7.531 vs TRG 3-5 and no nodal down-staging:1.114 years,95%CI:0.961-1.267,P<0.0001).CONCLUSION:Response to NAC in the primary tumour and in the lymph nodes are both independently associated with improved DFS. | Fergus Noble Luke Nolan Adrian C Bateman James P Byrne Jamie J Kelly Ian S Bailey Donna M Sharland Charlotte N Rees Timothy J Iveson Tim J Underwood Andrew R Bateman | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，48： | 4 |
| 4 | Characterization of a unique ethanologenic yeast capableof fermenting galactose显示文摘 | Jamie R Rodney J Bothast John N S Shawn D M | 2004 | Enzyme and Microbial Technology2004，35，： | 1 |
| 5 | An innorative approach to temporary homodialysis vascular access显示文摘 | Jamie LR Catherine S Jiu S | 1999 | Am J Kidney Dis1999，33，： | 1 |
| 6 | Differentiation of Re- current Glioblastoma Muhiforme from Radiation Necrosis after External Beam Radiation Therapy with Dynamic Sus- ceptibility weighted Contrast - enhanced Perfusion MR Ima- ging显示文摘 | Ramon F Barajas Jamie S | 2009 | Radiology2009，253，2： | 1 |
| 7 | A comparative study of tolerance analysis methods显示文摘 | HEN Zhengshu GAURAV A JAMI J S | 2005 | Journal of Computing and Information Science in Engineering2005，5，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Transgenie to- bacco and peanut plants expressing a mustard defensin show resistance to fungal pathogens显示文摘 | Swathi Anuradha T Divya K Jami S K | 2008 | Plant Cell Rep2008，27，11： | 1 |
| 9 | Empirical molecular modeling of suspension stabilisation with polysorbate 80 显示文摘 | Jamie T Allan S | 2008 | Molecular Simulation2008，34，1015： | 1 |
| 10 | Ectopic expression of an annexin from Brassica juncea confers tolerance to abiotic and biotic stress treatments in transgenic tobacco显示文摘 | Jami S K Clark G B Turlapati S A | 2008 | Plant Physiology and Biochemistry2008，46，12： | 1 |
| 11 | A innorative approach to temporary hemodialysis vascular access显示文摘 | Jamie LR Catherine S Jiu S | 1999 | Am J Kidney Dis1999，33，4： | 1 |
| 12 | Methane emission from free-ranging sheep:a comparison of two measurement methods显示文摘 | Leuning R Baker S K Jamie I M | 1999 | Atmospheric Environment1999，33，9： | 1 |
| 13 | Bovine lactoferricincauses apoptosis in Jurkat T-leukemia cells by sequentialpermeabilization of the cell membrane and targeting of mito-chondria显示文摘 | Jamie SM Angela R Jayme S | 2007 | Experimental Cell Research2007，313，： | 1 |
| 14 | Characterazation of a coronavirus isolated from a diarrheic foal显示文摘 | Guy Jamie J Breslin | 2000 | Journal of Clinical Microbiology2000，38，12： | 1 |
| 15 | The neglec- ted role of proaetive behavior and outcomes in newcomer socialization显示文摘 | Alan M S Jamie A G Helena C T | 2011 | Journal of Vocational Behavior2011，79，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Unconventional gas: a review of regional and global resource estimates显示文摘 | Christophe M Jamie S Steve S | 2013 | Energy2013，55，： | 1 |
| 17 | Oligoclonal expansions of CD8+ T cells in chronic HIV infection are antigen specific显示文摘 | Jamie D K Wilson Graham S Ogg Rachel L Allen | 1998 | JEM1998，188，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Review of image fusion technology in 2005显示文摘 | MOIRA I S JAMIE P H | 2005 | SPIE2005，5782，： | 1 |
| 19 | Compromised function of regulatory T cells in rheumatoid arthritis and reversal by anti-TNF_therapy显示文摘 | Jamie G E Animesh S | 2004 | J Exp Med2004，200，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Explo- ring the impact of team mental models on information uti- lization and project performance in system development 显示文摘 | Jack S C Hsu Jamie Y T Chang Gary Klein | 2011 | International Journal of Project Management2011，，29： | 1 |
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