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| 1 | Differential regulation of JAK/STAT-signaling in patients with ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease显示文摘In 2018,the pan-Janus kinase(JAK)inhibitor tofacitinib was launched for the treatment of ulcerative colitis(UC).Although tofacitinib has proven efficacious in patients with active UC,it failed in patients with Crohn’s disease(CD).This finding strongly hints at a different contribution of JAK signaling in both entities.Here,we review the current knowledge on the interplay between the JAK/signal transducer and activator of transcription(STAT)pathway and inflammatory bowel diseases(IBD).In particular,we provide a detailed overview of the differences and similarities of JAK/STAT-signaling in UC and CD,highlight the impact of the JAK/STAT pathway in experimental colitis models and summarize the published evidence on JAK/STAT-signaling in immune cells of IBD as well as the genetic association between the JAK/STAT pathway and IBD.Finally,we describe novel treatment strategies targeting JAK/STAT inhibition in UC and CD and comment on the limitations and challenges of the new drug class. | Friederike Cordes Dirk Foell John Nik Ding Georg Varga Dominik Bettenworth | 2020 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2020，26，28： | 16 |
| 2 | The Sandfish's Skin:Morphology,Chemistry and Reconstruction显示文摘The sandfish is a lizard having the remarkable ability to move in desert sand in a swimming-like fashion. The most out-standing adaptations to this mode of life are the low friction behaviour and the extensive abrasion resistance of the sandfish skin against sand, outperforming even steel. We investigated the topography, the composition and the mechanical properties of sandfish scales. These consist of glycosylated keratins with high amount of sulphur but no hard inorganic material, such as silicates or lime. Remarkably, atomic force microscopy shows an almost complete absence of attractive forces between the scale surface and a silicon tip, suggesting that this is responsible for the unusual tribological properties. The unusual glycosylation of the keratins was found to be absolutely necessary for the described phenomenon. The scales were dissolved and reconstituted on a polymer surface resulting in properties similar to the original scale. Thus, we provide a pathway towards exploitation of the reconstituted scale material for future engineering applications. | Werner Baumgartner Friederike Saxe Agnes Weth David Hajas Darwin Sigumonrong Jens Emmerlich Martin Singheiser Wolfgang Bhme Jochen M. Schneider | 2007 | Journal of Bionic Engineering2007，4，1： | 10 |
| 3 | Laparoscopic surgery for benign and malign diseases of the digestive system:Indications,limitations,and evidence显示文摘The laparoscopic technique was introduced in gastrointestinal surgery in the mid 1980s.Since then,the development of this technique has been extraordinary.Triggered by technical innovations(stapling devices or coagulation/dissecting devices),nowadays any type of gastrointestinal resection has been successfully performed laparoscopically and can be performed laparoscopically dependent on the patient’s condition.This summary gives an overview over 30 years of laparoscopic surgery with focus on today’s indications and evidence.Main indications remain the more common procedures,e.g.,appendectomy,cholecystectomy,bariatric procedures or colorectal resections.For all these indications,the laparoscopic approach has become the gold standard with less perioperative morbidity.Regarding oncological outcome there have been several highquality randomized controlled trials which demonstrated equivalency between laparoscopic and open colorectal resections.Less common procedures like esophagectomy,oncological gastrectomy,liver and pancreatic resections can be performed successfully as well by anexperienced surgeon.However,the evidence for these special indications is poor and a general recommendation cannot be given.In conclusion,laparoscopic surgery has revolutionized the field of gastrointestinal surgery by reducing perioperative morbidity without disregarding surgical principles especially in oncological surgery. | Markus Alexander Küper Friederike Eisner Alfred K?nigsrainer J?rg Glatzle | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，17： | 9 |
| 4 | 阑尾炎:阑尾增粗超过6mm时新的CT诊断标准显示文摘 | Friederike Klein München 徐安辉 | 2008 | 放射学实践2008，23，2： | 6 |
| 5 | 性别和年龄对中国人冠状动脉旁路移植术后住院病死率的影响显示文摘目的确定中国人冠状动脉旁路移植术后住院病死率是否存在性别差异以及该差异是否与年龄相关.方法回顾性分析1997年1月1日至2001年12月31日阜外心血管病医院外科全部接受冠状动脉旁路移植术的患者共2682例(男性2316例,女性366例).按照性别和年龄分组调查它们之间的围手术期并发症及手术后住院病死率的差异.结果女性术前合并主要疾病的比例比男性高,术后并发症多,但她们术前的左心室射血分数较男性好,且冠状动脉病变数量少.然而,女性患者的术后住院病死率是男性的3倍(女性3.01%,男性1.12%,P=0.001),病死率的性别差异在低龄组更有统计学意义(女性2.6%,男性0.5%,P=0.001,ORs:4.844,95%可信区间:1.549~15.142),在老年患者中则无统计学意义(女性3.7%,男性2.4%,P=0.383).结论中国女性冠状动脉旁路移植术的住院病死率高于男性,特别是低龄女性.低龄组女性是住院病死率的独立危险因素.死亡率的性别差异随年龄增加而减少.需要进一步的研究来阐明病死率的性别差异在低龄组更显著的原因. | 宫路佳 Elke Lehmkuhl 胡盛寿 Friederike Kendel Stein Kandle Yong Du 章晏 杜茗 吴清玉 许建屏 孙立忠 朱晓东 Vera Regitz-Zagrosek | 2006 | 中华心血管病杂志2006，34，5： | 5 |
| 6 | Lrp1 in osteoblasts controls osteoclast activity and protects against osteoporosis by limiting PDGF–RANKL signaling显示文摘Skeletal health relies on architectural integrity and sufficient bone mass, which are maintained through a tightly regulated equilibrium of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. Genetic studies have linked the gene coding for low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein1(Lrp1) to bone traits but whether these associations are based on a causal molecular relationship is unknown. Here, we show that Lrp1 in osteoblasts is a novel regulator of osteoclast activity and bone mass.Mice lacking Lrp1 specifically in the osteoblast lineage displayed normal osteoblast function but severe osteoporosis due to highly increased osteoclast numbers and bone resorption. Osteoblast Lrp1 limited receptor activator of NF-κB ligand(RANKL) expression in vivo and in vitro through attenuation of platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF-BB) signaling. In co-culture, Lrp1-deficient osteoblasts stimulated osteoclastogenesis in a PDGFRβ-dependent manner and in vivo treatment with the PDGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate limited RANKL production and led to complete remission of the osteoporotic phenotype. These results identify osteoblast Lrp1 as a key regulator of osteoblast-to-osteoclast communication and bone mass through a PDGF–RANKL signaling axis in osteoblasts and open perspectives to further explore the potential of PDGF signaling inhibitors in counteracting bone loss as well as to evaluate the importance of functional LRP1 gene variants in the control of bone mass in humans. | Alexander Bartelt Friederike Behler-Janbeck F.Timo Beil Till Koehne Brigitte Müller Tobias Schmidt Markus Heine Laura Ochs Tayfun Yilmaz Martin Dietrich Jan P.Tuckermann Michael Amling Joachim Herz Thorsten Schinke Joerg Heeren Andreas Niemeier | 2018 | Bone Research2018，6，1： | 5 |
| 7 | Assessment of stricturing Crohn's disease:Current clinicalpractice and future avenues显示文摘Crohn's disease(CD) is a chronic remittent idiopathic disease. Although the early phase of the disease is commonly characterized by inflammation-driven symptoms, such as diarrhea, the frequency of fibrostenotic complications in patients with CD increases over the long-term course of the disease. This review presents the current diagnostic options for assessing CD-associated strictures. In addition to the endoscopic evaluation of CD strictures, this review summarizes the currently available imaging modalities, including ultrasound and cross-sectional imaging techniques. In addition to stricture detection, differentiating between the primarily inflammatory strictures and the predominantly fibrotic ones is essential for selecting the appropriate treatment strategy(anti-inflammatory medical treatment vs endoscopical or surgical approaches). Therefore, recent imaging advances, such as contrast-enhanced ultrasound and ultrasound elastography, contribute to the development of noninvasive non-radiating imaging of CD-associated strictures. Finally, novel magnetic resonance imaging techniques, such as diffusion-weighted, motility and magnetization transfer imaging, as well as 18F-FDG PET/CT, molecular imaging approaches and biomarkers, are critically reviewed with regard to their potential role in assessing stricturing CD. | Dominik Bettenworth Tobias M Nowacki Friederike Cordes Boris Buerke Frank Lenze | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，3： | 4 |
| 8 | Detection and characterization of murine colitis and carcinogenesis by molecularly targeted contrast-enhanced ultrasound显示文摘AIM To study mucosal addressin cellular adhesion molecule-1(MAd CAM-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)-targeted contrast enhanced ultrasound(CEUS) for the assessment of murine colitis and carcinogenesis. METHODS C57BL/6 mice were challenged with 3% dextran sodium-sulfate(DSS) for three, six or nine days to study the development of acute colitis. Ultrasound was performed with and without the addition of unspecific contrast agents. MAd CAM-1-targeted contrast agent was used to detect and quantify MAd CAM-1 expression. Inflammatory driven colorectal azoxymethane(AOM)/DSS-induced carcinogenesis was examined on day 42 and 84 using VEGF-targeted contrast agent. Highly specific tissue echogenicity was quantified using specialized software. Sonographic findings were correlated to tissue staining, western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry to quantify the degree of inflammation and stage of carcinogenesis. RESULTS Native ultrasound detected increased general bowel wall thickening that correlated with more progressed and more severe DSS-colitis(healthy mice: 0.3 mm ± 0.03 vs six days DSS: 0.5 mm ± 0.2 vs nine days DSS: 0.6 mm ± 0.2, P < 0.05). Moreover, these sonographic findings correlated well with clinical parameters such as weight loss(r2 = 0.74) and histological damage(r2 = 0.86)(P < 0.01). In acute DSS-induced murine colitis, CEUS targeted against MAd CAM-1 detected and differentiated stages of mild, moderate and severe colitis via calculation of mean pixel contrast intensity in decibel(9.6 d B ± 1.6 vs 12.9 d B ± 1.4 vs 18 d B ± 3.33, P < 0.05). Employing the AOM/DSSinduced carcinogenesis model, tumor development was monitored by CEUS targeted against VEGF and detected a significantly increased echogenicity in tumors as compared to adjacent healthy mucosa(healthy mucosa, 1.6 d B ± 1.4 vs 42 d, 18.2 d B ± 3.3 vs 84 d, 18.6 d B ± 4.9, P < 0.01). Tissue echogenicity strongly correlated with histological analysis and immunohistochemistry findings(VEGF-positive cells in 10 high power fields of healthy mucosa: 1 ± 1.2 vs 42 d after DSS start: 2.4 ± 1.6 vs 84 d after DSS start: 3.5 ± 1.3, P < 0.01). CONCLUSION Molecularly targeted CEUS is a highly specific and noninvasive imaging modality, which characterizes murine intestinal inflammation and carcinogenesis in vivo. | Markus Brückner Jan Heidemann Tobias M Nowacki Friederike Cordes Jorg Stypmann Philipp Lenz Faekah Gohar Andreas Lügering Dominik Bettenworth | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，16： | 4 |
| 9 | Could non-invasive brain-stimulation prevent neuronal degeneration upon ion channel re-distribution and ion accumulation after demyelination?显示文摘Fast and efficient transmission of electrical signals in the nervous system is mediated through myelinated nerve fibers.In neuronal diseases such as multiple sclerosis,the conduction properties of axons are disturbed by the removal of the myelin sheath,leaving nerve cells at a higher risk of degenerating.In some cases,the protective myelin sheath of axons can be rebuilt by remyelination through oligodendroglial cells.In any case,however,changes in the ion channel organization occur and may help to restore impulse conduction after demyelination.On the other hand,changes in ion channel distribution may increase the energy demand of axons,thereby increasing the probability of axonal degeneration.Many attempts have been made or discussed in recent years to increase remyelination of affected axons in demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis.These approaches range from pharmacological treatments that reduce inflammatory processes or block ion channels to the modulation of neuronal activity through electrical cortical stimulation.However,these treatments either affect the entire organism(pharmacological)or exert a very local effect(electrodes).Current results show that neuronal activity is a strong regulator of oligodendroglial development.To bridge the gap between global and very local treatments,non-invasive transcranial magnetic stimulation could be considered.Transcranial magnetic stimulation is externally applied to brain areas and experiments with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation show that the neuronal activity can be modulated depending on the stimulation parameters in both humans and animals.In this review,we discuss the possibilities of influencing ion channel distribution and increasing neuronal activity by transcranial magnetic stimulation as well as the effect of this modulation on oligodendroglial cells and their capacity to remyelinate previously demyelinated axons.Although the physiological mechanisms underlying the effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation clearly need further investigations,repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation may be a promising approach for non-invasive neuronal modulation aiming at enhancing remyelination and thus reducing neurodegeneration. | Friederike Pfeiffer Alia Benali | 2020 | Neural Regeneration Research2020，15，11： | 3 |
| 10 | Molecular phenotypes of human parvovirus B19 in patients with myocarditis显示文摘AIM:To investigate molecular phenotypes of myocardial B19V-infection to determine the role of B19V in myocarditis and dilated cardiomyopathy(DCM).METHODS:Endomyocardial biopsies(EMBs) from 498 B19V-positive patients with myocarditis and DCMwere analyzed using molecular methods and functional experiments.EMBs were obtained from the University Hospitals of Greifswald and Tuebingen and additionally from 36 German cardiology centers.Control tissues were obtained at autopsy from 34 victims of accidents,crime or suicide.Identification of mononuclear cell infiltrates in EMBs was performed using immunohistological staining.Anti-B19V-IgM and anti-B19V-IgG were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).B19V viral loads were determined using in-house quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR).For B19V-genotyping a new B19V-genotype-specific restriction fragment length polymorphism(RFLP)-PCR was established.B19V-genotyping was verified by direct DNAsequencing and sequences were aligned using BLAST and BioEdit software.B19V P6-promoter and HHV6-U94-transactivator constructs were generated for cell culture experiments.Transfection experiments were conducted using human endothelial cells 1.Luciferase reporter assays were performed to determine B19Vreplication activity.Statistical analysis and graphical representation were calculated using SPSS and Prism5 software.RESULTS:The prevalence of B19V was significantly more likely to be associated with inflammatory cardiomyopathy(iCMP) compared to uninflamed DCM(59.6% vs 35.3%)(P < 0.0001).The detection of B19V-mRNA replication intermediates proved that replication of B19V was present.RFLP-PCR assays showed that B19V-genotype 1(57.4%) and B19V-genotype 2(36.7%) were the most prevalent viral genotypes.B19V-genotype 2 was observed more frequently in EMBs with iCMP(65.0%) compared to DCM(35%)(P = 0.049).Although there was no significant difference in gender-specific B19V-loads,women were more frequently infected with B19V-genotype 2(44.6%) than men(36.0%)(P = 0.0448).Coinfection with B19V and other cardiotropic viruses was found in 19.2% of tissuesamples and was associated with higher B19V viral load compared to B19V-monoinfected tissue(P = 0.0012).The most frequent coinfecting virus was human herpes virus 6(HHV6,16.5%).B19V-coinfection with HHV6 showed higher B19V-loads compared to B19V-monoinfected EMBs(P = 0.0033),suggesting that HHV6 had transactivated B19V.In vitro experiments confirmed a 2.4-fold increased B19V P6-promoter activity by the HHV6 U94-transactivator.CONCLUSION:The finding of significantly increased B19V loads in patients with histologically proven cardiac inflammation suggests a crucial role of B19V-genotypes and reactivation of B19V-infection by HHV6-coinfection in B19V-associated iCMP.Our findings suggest that B19V-infection of the human heart can be a causative event for the development of an endothelial cell-mediated inflammatory disease and that this is related to both viral load and genotype. | C-Thomas Bock Anja Düchting Friederike Utta Eva Brunner Bui Tien Sy Karin Klingel Florian Lang Meinrad Gawaz Stephan B Felix Reinhard Kandolf | 2014 | World Journal of Cardiology2014，6，4： | 3 |
| 11 | Regulatory and Functional Aspects of Indolic Metabolism in Plant Systemic Acquired Resistance显示文摘导出色氨酸, indolic 代谢物在 Arabidopsis 天生的免疫拥有多样的功能到微生物引起的病原体感染。这里,我们在全身的获得的抵抗(SAR ) 由细菌的病原体 Pseudomonas syringae 触发了的 Arabidopsis 调查功能的角色和 indolic 新陈代谢的规章的特征。Indolic 新陈代谢广泛地在两 P 被激活。接种 syringae 、远,非接种的叶子。在接种地点, camalexin, indol-3-ylmethylamine (I3A ) ,和 indole-3-carboxylic,酸(集成通信适配器) 是主要积累混合物。Camalexin 累积被 MYB122,和细胞色素 P450 基因 CYP81F1 和 CYP81F2 断然影响。由对比,本地 I3A 生产由 PEN2- 依赖、独立的小径经由吲哚 glucosinolate 故障发生。而且,防卫荷尔蒙水杨酸酸的外长的申请在损坏它的先锋的情况下刺激 I3A 产生 indol-3-ylmethylglucosinolate (I3M ) ,和 SAR 管理者 pipecolic 酸为提高的 P 告知植物。indolic 新陈代谢的不同分支的导致 syringae 的激活。在 uninfected 全身的织物,新陈代谢的反应与 indolics I3A,集成通信适配器,和 indole-3-carbaldehyde (国际计算中心) 的提高的层次更特定、联系。全身的吲哚累积充分取决于功能的 CYP79B2/3, PEN2,和 MYB34/51/122,并且要求功能的 SAR 发信号。基因分析建议全身地提高的吲哚为 SAR 是非必需的并且联系水杨酸酸的全身的增加。然而,土壤成年然而并非水耕法地栽培的 cyp79b2/3 和 pen2 种,在 indolic 有缺点的两个第二等的新陈代谢,展出预先导致的免疫,它废除他们的内在的能力导致 SAR。 | Elia Stahl Patricia Bellwon Stefan Huber Klaus Schlaeppi Friederike Bernsdorff Armelle Vallat-Michel Felix Mauch Jurgen Zeier | 2016 | Molecular Plant2016，9，5： | 2 |
| 12 | Assessment of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) with colposcopic biopsy and efficacy of loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP)显示文摘 | Nina Duesing Joerg Schwarz Matthias Choschzick Fritz Jaenicke Friederike Gieseking Rana Issa Sven Mahner Linn Woelber | 2012 | Archives of Gynecology and Obstetrics2012，，6： | 2 |
| 13 | Different characteristics of chronic dibutyltin dichloride-induced pancreatitis and cholangitis in mouse and rat显示文摘Background:Current animal models of chronic pancreatitis(CP)often provide only limited pathophysio-logical insights since they incompletely reflect the human disease.CP induced by injection of dibutyltin dichloride(DBTC-pancreatitis)shares with human CP the important feature of extended fibrosis and would be an even more attractive model if it could be transferred from rats to mice,as recently sug-gested in the context of combined ethanol and DBTC application.This study aimed to evaluate the effects of DBTC in pancreas and liver of C57BL/6 mice,a strain commonly used to engineer genetic mouse mod-els.Methods:C57BL/6 mice and Lewis rats were exposed to variable doses of DBTC.After an investigation period of up to 4 weeks,laboratory findings and histopathological changes of pancreas and liver were evaluated.Results:Chronic DBTC-pancreatitis in rats was characterized by acinar cell damage,ductal changes,fi-brosis,and inflammatory cell infiltrates.Mice treated with DBTC at 6–8 mg/kg body weight,the standard doses in rats,showed transient increases of lipase activities but no morphological signs of chronic DBTC-pancreatitis 4 weeks after injection of the drug.Increased doses of 10–12 mg/kg DBTC were intolerable due to their high toxicity.In contrast,mice and rats presented with a similar histopathology of the liver that can be characterized as a chronic-proliferative DBTC-cholangitis with predominating damage and proliferation of the small bile ducts as well as secondary portal inflammatory cell infiltrates and a begin-ning portal fibrosis.Conclusions:The DBTC-model cannot be transferred from rats to C57BL/6 mice with respect to chronic DBTC-pancreatitis,but might be of interest to study DBTC-cholangitis in both species. | Friederike Lütt Luise Ehlers Horst Nizze Robert Jaster | 2020 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2020，19，2： | 2 |
| 14 | 甘油氧化的光谱电化学傅里叶变换衰减全反射谱红外光谱薄膜流动池中硼酸镍层厚度的优化显示文摘在碱性甘油电氧化反应中,利用电化学傅里叶变换衰减全反射谱红外光谱法,研究了薄膜流动池中滴注硼酸镍催化剂负载量对玻碳电极性能的影响.连续操作的径向流动池包括一个位于内反射元件上方50μm的钻孔电极,可实现红外光谱分析.这是在确定条件下对电催化剂进行简便和可重复筛选的一个适合的方法,同时还提供了对复杂反应(如甘油氧化)产物选择性的检测.通过对泵送电解液进行更耗时的定量高效液相色谱分析,结果表明,衰减全反射红外光谱法可快速鉴定产物.在层流条件下,水中使用0.1 M甘油和1 M KOH,流速为5μL min^(-1)时,甘油转化率较高.转化率和选择性取决于催化剂的负载量,负载量又决定了催化剂层的厚度和粗糙度.由于在更粗糙的膜中停留时间更长有利于再吸附和C-C键断裂,因此当负载量最高达210μg cm^(-2)时,甘油转化率为73%且甲酸选择性接近80%.当最低负载量为13μg cm^(-2)时,甘油转化率达到63%,甲酸选择性降至60%,相应地,C_(2)物种(如乙醇酸盐)选择性较高,为8%.因此,只有催化剂负载量较低时才能形成几微米厚度范围内的薄膜,此时才适合进行优质催化剂的筛选. | Steffen Cychy Sebastian Lechler Zijian Huang Michael Braun Ann Cathrin Brix Peter Blümler Corina Andronescu Friederike Schmid Wolfgang Schuhmann Martin Muhler | 2021 | Chinese Journal of Catalysis2021，42，12： | 2 |
| 15 | Alexithymia and Emotional Distress in Patients With Central Serous Chorioretinopathy显示文摘 | Rupert Conrad Nina Friederike Weber Matthias Lehnert Frank Gerhard Holz Reinhard Liedtke Nicole Eter | 2011 | Psychosomatics2011，，6： | 2 |
| 16 | Distinct Types of Tumor-Initiating Cells Form Human Colon Cancer Tumors and Metastases显示文摘 | Sebastian M. Dieter Claudia R. Ball Christopher M. Hoffmann Ali Nowrouzi Friederike Herbst Oksana Zavidij Ulrich Abel Anne Arens Wilko Weichert Karsten Brand Moritz Koch Jürgen Weitz Manfred Schmidt Christof von Kalle Hanno Glimm | 2011 | Cell Stem Cell2011，，4： | 2 |
| 17 | Pancreatic Enzyme Replacement Therapy in Patients With Exocrine Pancreatic Insufficiency Due to Chronic Pancreatitis: A 1-Year Disease Management Study on Symptom Control and Quality of Life显示文摘 | Jan G. D’Haese Güralp O. Ceyhan Ihsan Ekin Demir Peter Layer Waldemar Uhl Matthias L?hr Reinhard Rychlik Konstantinos Pirilis York Z?llner Birgit Gradl Douglas Foerster Julia M?bius Friederike Henniges Helmut Friess | 2014 | Pancreas2014，，： | 2 |
| 18 | Compa-rison between early and delayed systemic treatmen twith candesartan of rats after ischaemic stroke显示文摘 | Jan Brdon Sabine Kaiser Friederike Hagemann | 2007 | Hypertension2007，25，： | 1 |
| 19 | Specifying the role of BAK1-interacting receptor-like kinase 3 in brassinosteroid signaling显示文摘Brassinosteroids(BR) are involved in the control of several developmental processes ranging from root elongation to senescence and adaptation to environmental cues. Thus, BR perception and signaling have to be precisely regulated. One regulator is BRI1-associated kinase 1(BAK1)-interacting receptor-like kinase 3(BIR3). In the absence of BR, BIR3 forms complexes with BR insensitive 1(BRI1) and BAK1.However, the biophysical and energetic requirements for complex formation in the absence of the ligand have yet to be determined. Using computational modeling, we simulated the potential complexes between the cytoplasmic domains of BAK1, BRI1 and BIR3. Our calculations and experimental data confirm the interaction of BIR3 Rewith BAK1 and BRI1, with the BAK1 BIR3 interaction clearly favored. Furthermore, we demonstrate that BIR3 and BRI1 share the same interaction site with BAK1. This suggests a competition between BIR3 and BRI1 for binding to BAK1, which results in preferential binding of BIR3 to BAK1 in the absence of the ligand thereby preventing the active participation of BAK1 in BR signaling. Our model also suggests that BAK1 and BRI1 can interact even while BAK1 is in complex with BIR3 at an additional binding site of BAK1 that does not allow active BR signaling. | Ruth Groβeholz Anna Feldman-Salit Friederike Wanke Sarina Schulze Nina Glockner Birgit Kemmerling Klaus Harter Ursula Kummer | 2020 | Journal of Integrative Plant Biology2020，62，4： | 1 |
| 20 | Maerophage activation is a Prog- nostic parameter for variceal bleeding and overall survival in patients with liver cirrhosis显示文摘 | Oliver W Friederike B Eva H | 2013 | J Hepatology2013，58，1： | 1 |
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