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| 1 | Pre-hospital assessment with ultrasound in emergencies: implementation in the field显示文摘BACKGROUND: Point-of-care ultrasound(US) is a proven diagnostic imaging tool in the emergency department(ED). Modern US devices are now more compact, affordable and portable, which has led to increased usage in austere environments. However, studies supporting the use of US in the prehospital setting are limited. The primary outcome of this pilot study was to determine if paramedics could perform cardiac ultrasound in the fi eld and obtain images that were adequate for interpretation. A secondary outcome was whether paramedics could correctly identify cardiac activity or the lack thereof in cardiac arrest patients.METHODS: We performed a prospective educational study using a convenience sample of professional paramedics without ultrasound experience. Eligible paramedics participated in a 3-hour session on point-of-care US. The paramedics then used US during emergency calls and saved the scans for possible cardiac complaints including: chest pain, dyspnea, loss of consciousness, trauma, or cardiac arrest.RESULTS: Four paramedics from two distinct fire stations enrolled a total of 19 unique patients, of whom 17 were deemed adequate for clinical decision making(89%, 95%CI 67%–99%). Paramedics accurately recorded 17 cases of cardiac activity(100%, 95%CI 84%–100%) and 2 cases of cardiac standstill(100%, 95%CI 22%–100%).CONCLUSION: Our pilot study suggests that with minimal training, paramedics can use US to obtain cardiac images that are adequate for interpretation and diagnose cardiac standstill. Further large-scale clinical trials are needed to determine if prehospital US can be used to guide care for patients with cardiac complaints. | Kevin P. Rooney Sari Lahham Shadi Lahham Craig L. Anderson Bryan Bledsoe Bryan Sloane Linda Joseph Megan B. Osborn John C. Fox | 2016 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2016，7，2： | 5 |
| 2 | Ultrasound curriculum taught by first-year medical students: A four-year experience in Tanzania显示文摘BACKGROUND: Diagnostic imaging is an integral aspect of care that is often insufficient, if not altogether absent, in rural and remote regions of low to middle income countries(LMICs) such as Tanzania. The introduction of ultrasound can significantly impact treatment in these countries due to its portability, low cost, safety, and usefulness in various medical assessments. This study reviews the implementation of a four-week ultrasound course administered annually from 2013–2016 in a healthcare professional school in Mwanza, Tanzania by first-year allopathic US medical students.METHODS: Participants(n=582, over 4 years) were recruited from the Tandabui Institute of Health Sciences and Technology to take the ultrasound course. Subjects were predominantly clinical officer students, but other participants included other healthcare professional students, practicing healthcare professionals, and school employees. Data collected includes pre-course examination scores, post-course examination scores, course quiz scores, demographic surveys, and postcourse feedback surveys. Data was analyzed using two-tailed t-tests and the single factor analysis of variance(ANOVA).RESULTS: For all participants who completed both the pre-and post-course examinations(n=229, 39.1% of the total recruited), there was a significant mean improvement in their ultrasound knowledge of 42.5%, P<0.01.CONCLUSION: Our data suggests that trained first-year medical students can effectively teach a point of care ultrasound course to healthcare professional students within four weeks in Tanzania. Future investigation into the level of long-term knowledge retention, impact of ultrasound training on knowledge of human anatomy and diagnostic capabilities, and how expansion of an ultrasound curriculum has impacted access to care in rural Tanzania is warranted. | Scan P. Denny William B. Mintccr Rcccc T.H. Fcnning Sahil Aggarwal Dcbora H. Lee Shclla K. Raja Kaavya R. Raman Allison O. Farfcl Priya A. Patcl MarkLicbcr Mcgan E. Bcrnstcin Shadi Lahham John C. Fox | 2018 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2018，9，1： | 2 |
| 3 | Carotid Intima Media Thickness in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Comparison with a Community-Based Cohort显示文摘 | Nurit Fox Najib Ayas Julie E. Park John Fleetham C. Frank Ryan Scott A. Lear Alan Mulgrew Sammy Chan John Hill G. B. John Mancini Graham C. Wong | 2014 | Lung2014，，2： | 1 |
| 4 | A comparison of simulation versus didactics for teaching ultrasound to Swiss medical students显示文摘BACKGROUND: Point-of-care ultrasound is an increasingly common imaging modality that is used in a variety of clinical settings. Understanding how to most effectively teach ultrasound is important to ensure that medical students learn pre-clinical content in a manner that promotes retention and clinical competence. We aim to assess the effectiveness of simulation-based ultrasound education in improving medical student competence in physiology in comparison to a traditional didactic ultrasound curriculum. METHODS: Subjects were given a pre and post-test of physiology questions. Subjects were taught various ultrasound techniques via 7 hours of lectures over two days. The control group received 2 additional hours of practice time while the experimental group received 2 hours of case-based simulations. A physiology post-test was administered to all students to complete the two-day course. RESULTS: Totally 115 Swiss medical students were enrolled in our study. The mean precourse ultrasound exam score was 39.5% for the simulation group and 41.6% for the didactic group (P>0.05). The mean pre-course physiology exam score was 54.1% for the simulation group and 59.3% for the didactic group (P>0.05). The simulation group showed statistically significant improvement on the physiology exam, improving from 54.1% to 75.3%(P<0.01). The didactic group also showed statistically signifi cant improvement on the physiology exam, improving from 59.3% to 70.0%(P<0.01). CONCLUSION: Our data indicates that both simulation curriculum and standard didactic curriculum can be used to teach ultrasound. Simulation based training showed statistically signifi cant improvement in physiology learning when compared to standard didactic curriculum. | Sagar Shah Steven Tohmasi Emily Frisch Amanda Anderson Roy Almog Shadi Lahham Roland Bingisser John C. Fox | 2019 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2019，10，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Point-of-care ultrasound versus radiology department pelvic ultrasound on emergency department length of stay显示文摘BACKGROUND: The study aimed to compare the time to overall length of stay(LOS) for patients who underwent point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS) versus radiology department ultrasound(RDUS).METHODS: This was a prospective study on a convenience sample of patients who required pelvic ultrasound imaging as part of their emergency department(ED) assessment.RESULTS: We enrolled a total of 194 patients who were on average 32 years-old. Ninety-eight(51%) patients were pregnant(<20 weeks). Time to completion of RDUS was 66 minutes longer than POCUS(95%CI 60–73, P<0.01). Patients randomized to the RDUS arm experienced a 120 minute longer ED length of stay(LOS)(95%CI 66–173, P<0.01)CONCLUSION: In patients who require pelvic ultrasound as part of their diagnostic evaluation, POCUS resulted in a signifi cant decrease in time to ultrasound and ED LOS. | Scan P. Wilson Kiah Connolly Shadi Lahham Mohammad Subeh Chanel Fischetti Alan Chiem Ariel Aspen Craig Anderson John C. Fox | 2016 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2016，7，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Social support in later life: Examining the roles of childhood and adulthood cognition显示文摘 | Victoria J. Bourne Helen C. Fox John M. Starr Ian J. Deary Lawrence J. Whalley | 2007 | Personality and Individual Differences2007，，4： | 1 |
| 7 | Meta-Analysis of Prospective Randomized Controlled Trials Comparing Intracoronary Versus Intravenous Abciximab in Patients With ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Undergoing Primary Percutaneous Coronary Intervention显示文摘 | Yuichi J. Shimada Navin C. Nakra John T. Fox Yumiko Kanei | 2012 | The American Journal of Cardiology2012，，5： | 1 |
| 8 | Phase I/II trial of formoterol fumarate combined with megestrol acetate in cachectic patients with advanced malignancy显示文摘 | C. A. Greig N. Johns C. Gray A. MacDonald N. A. Stephens R. J. E. Skipworth M. Fallon L. Wall G. M. Fox K. C. H. Fearon | 2014 | Supportive Care in Cancer2014，，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Uptake of hepatitis C specialist services and treatment following diagnosis by dried blood spot in Scotland显示文摘 | Georgina McAllister Hamish Innes Allan Mcleod John F. Dillon Peter C. Hayes Ray Fox Stephen T. Barclay Kate Templeton Celia Aitken Rory Gunson David Goldberg Sharon J. Hutchinson | 2014 | Journal of Clinical Virology2014，，： | 1 |
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