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| 1 | Current concepts in the management of bisphosphonate associated atypical femoral fractures显示文摘Bisphosphonates are a class of drugs used as the mainstay of treatment for osteoporosis.Bisphosphonates function by binding to hydroxyapatite,and subsequently targeting osteoclasts by altering their ability to resorb and remodel bone.Whilst aiming to reduce the risk of fragility fractures,bisphosphonates have been associated with atypical insufficiency fractures,specifically in the femur.Atypical femoral fractures occur distal to the lesser trochanter,until the supracondylar flare.There are a number of the differing clinical and radiological features between atypical femoral fractures and osteoporotic femoral fractures,indicating that there is a distinct difference in the respective underlying pathophysiology.At the point of presentation of an atypical femoral fracture,bisphosphonate should be discontinued.This is due to the proposed inhibition of osteoclasts and apoptosis,resulting in impaired callus healing.Conservative management consists primarily of cessation of bisphosphonate therapy and partial weightbearing activity.Nutritional deficiencies should be investigated and appro-priately corrected,most notably dietary calcium and vitamin D.Currently there is no established treatment guidelines for either complete or incomplete fractures.There is agreement in the literature that nonoperative management of bisphosphonate-associated femoral fractures conveys poor outcomes.Currently,the favoured methods of surgical fixation are cephalomedullary nailing and plate fixation.Newer techniques advocate the use of both modalities as it gives the plate advantage of best reducing the fracture and compressing the lateral cortex,with the support of the intramedullary nail to stabilise an atypical fracture with increased ability to load-share,and a reduced bending moment across the fracture site.The evidence suggests that cephalomedullary nailing of the fracture has lower revision rates.However,it is important to appreciate that the anatomical location and patient factors may not always allow for this.Although causation between bisphosphonates and atypical fractures is yet to be demonstrated,there is a growing evidence base to suggest a higher incidence to atypical femoral fractures in patients who take bisphosphonates.As we encounter a growing comorbid elderly population,the prevalence of this fracture-type will likely increase.Therefore,it is imperative clinicians continue to be attentive of atypical femoral fractures and treat them effectively. | Branavan Rudran Jonathan Super Rajan Jandoo Victor Babu Soosai Nathan Edward Ibrahim Anatole Vilhelm Wiik | 2021 | World Journal of Orthopedics2021，12，9： | 2 |
| 2 | Learning document-level semantic properties from free-text annotations显示文摘 | Branavan S R K Chen H Eisenstein J | 2009 | Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research2009，34，1： | 1 |
| 3 | Angiogeness and plastic surgery显示文摘 | Mohammed Ali Akhavani Branavan Sivakumar Ewa M Paleolog | 2008 | Journal of Plastic Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery2008，61，： | 1 |
| 4 | Learning document-level semantic properties from free-text annotations 显示文摘 | BRANAVAN S R K CHEN H EISENSTEIN J | 2009 | Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research2009，34，1： | 1 |
| 5 | Chronic Subdural Hematoma Management: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of 34829 Patients显示文摘 | Saleh A. Almenawer Forough Farrokhyar Chris Hong Waleed Alhazzani Branavan Manoranjan Blake Yarascavitch Parnian Arjmand Benedicto Baronia Kesava Reddy Naresh Murty Sheila Singh | 2014 | Annals of Surgery2014，，3： | 1 |
| 6 | Effects of microfine aggregate in manufactured sand on bleeding and plastic shrinkage cracking of concrete显示文摘Construction industries have started to utilize manufactured sand(MS)as an effective alternative for river sand in concrete.High-grade parent rocks are crushed to obtain MS,which also produces a considerable amount of microfine aggregate(MFA).The higher percentage of MFA could lead to both positive and negative effects on the performance of cement-based mixes.This research was done to examine the influence of varying MFA levels,specifically 0%,3%,6%,9%,and 12%(by weight)as the partial replacements of MS on bleeding and plastic shrinkage cracking of concrete.In addition to the varying MFA levels,some concrete mixes also included fly ash(FA)and superplasticizer to investigate the effect of free-water content in the mixes.The bleeding test data were taken as on-site measurements,while the cracks from the plastic shrinkage cracking test were evaluated using an image processing technique.The results concluded that the MFA replacements and the effective water-to-cement ratio have a significant effect on the selected concrete properties.With the increasing replacement levels,cumulative bleeding and crack initiation life gradually decreased,while a progressive increase was observed for crack width,crack length,and crack area. | Branavan ARULMOLY Chaminda KONTHESINGHA Anura NANAYAKKARA | 2022 | Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering2022，16，11： | 0 |
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