| 1 | Gut microbiota-derived metabolites contribute negatively to hindgut barrier function development at the early weaning goat model显示文摘Early weaning induces intestinal injury,leading to a series of long-term symptoms such as inflammation,malabsorption and diarrhea.In this study,we hypothesized that microbes and theirmetabolitesmodulate the host's inflammatory response to early weaning stress in a goatmodel.A total of 18 female Tibetan goat kids(n?9)wereweaned fromtheirmothers at 28 d(D28)and 60 d(D60)postpartum.D60 and D28 groupswere fed the same solid diet ad libitum fromweaning to 75 d of age.The colonic epithelium was subject to RNAsequencing,the caecal digesta metabolomics were assessed by liquid chromatographyetandem mass spectrometry(LC-MS/MS),and the caecal microbiota composition was analysed by 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing.We foundthatearlyweaningsubstantially increased the colonic pro-apoptotic gene expressionof B-cell lymphoma associated X(Bax),caspase-9,and caspase-3,and decreased the expression of zonula occludens-1(ZO-1)and claudin-1(P<0.01).In addition,a significant Bacteroides acidifaciens enrichmentwas observed in the hindgut of early-weaned goats(P<0.01),which negatively correlated with lysophosphatidylcholine products.Similarly,the chemokine signaling,IL-17 signaling,and peroxisome proliferatorsactivated receptor(PPAR)signaling pathways were upregulated in the colonic mucosa of the early-weaned goats.By applying caecal microbiota transplantation from goats to defaunated C57/6J mice,we confirmed that caecalmicrobiota of D28 goat kids increased the relative abundance of B.acidifaciens and significantly upregulated the genes of Bax,G proteinecoupled receptor(GPR)109A,GPR 43,fatty acid binding protein 6,nuclear receptor subfamily 1 group H member 3,angiotensin converting enzyme 2,and IL-6 expression(P<0.05),and decreased ZO-1,and claudin-1 protein expression in the mice jejunum and colon(P<0.001).These results proposed that the hindgut microbiota andmetabolites mediate the barrier functionweakening duringearlyweaning,and the relative abundance of B.acidifacienswas negatively correlatedwiththe hindgut barrier gene expression.This studydemonstrateshowweaningstress canaffectkeyhostemicrobe interaction regulators in the hindgut,in a lysophosphatidylcholine dependent and independent manner.Furthermore,based on our mice data,these results are transferable to other mammal species. | Ke Zhang Yangbin Xu Yuxin Yang Mengmeng Guo Ting Zhang Bo Zong Shuhong Huang Langda Suo Baohua Ma Xiaolong Wang Yujiang Wu Daniel Brugger Yulin Chen | 2022 | Animal Nutrition2022，，3： | 2 |
| 2 | Characterization of wavy root 1,an agravitropism allele,reveals the functions of OsPIN2 in fine regulation of auxin transport and distribution and in ABA biosynthesis and response in rice(Oryza sativa L.)显示文摘Root system architecture is influenced by gravity.How the root senses gravity and directs its orientation,so-called gravitropism,is not only a fundamental question in plant biology but also theoretically important for genetic improvement of crop root architecture.However,the mechanism has not been elucidated in most crops.We characterized a rice agravitropism allele,wavy root 1(war1),a loss-of-function allele in OsPIN2,which encodes an auxin efflux transporter.With loss of OsPIN2 function,war1 leads to altered root system architecture including wavy root,larger root distribution angle,and shallower root system due to the loss of gravitropic perception in root tips.In the war1 mutant,polar auxin transport was disrupted in the root tip,leading to abnormal auxin levels and disturbed auxin transport and distribution in columella cells.Amyloplast sedimentation,an important process in gravitropic sensing,was also decreased in root tip columella cells.The results indicated that OsPIN2 controls gravitropism by finely regulating auxin transport,distribution and levels,and amyloplast sedimentation in root tips.We identified a novel role of OsPIN2 in regulating ABA biosynthesis and response pathways.Loss of OsPIN2 function in the war1 resulted in increased sensitivity to ABA in seed germination,increased ABA level,changes in ABA-associated genes in roots,and decreased drought tolerance in the seedlings.These results suggest that the auxin transporter OsPIN2 not only modulates auxin transport to control root gravitropism,but also functions in ABA signaling to affect seed germination and root development,probably by mediating crosstalk between auxin and ABA pathways. | Wenqiang Li Minjuan Zhang Lei Qiao Yunbo Chen Dapeng Zhang Xiuqing Jing Pengfei Gan Yangbin Huang Junru Gao Wenting Liu Chunhai Shi Hongchang Cui Haifeng Li Kunming Chen | 2022 | The Crop Journal2022，10，4： | 0 |
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