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| 1 | Thermo-diffusion effects on MHD stagnation point flow towards a stretching sheet in a nanofuid显示文摘Thermodiffusion effects on stagnation point flow of a nanofuid towards a stretching surface with applied magnetic field is presented.Similarity transforms are applied to reduce the equations that govem the flow to a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations.Runge-K utta-Fehlberg method is applied to solve the sy stem.Results are compared with existing solutions that are special cases to our problem.Concrete graphical analysis is carried out to study the effects of different emerging parameters such as stretching ratio A,mag netic infuence parameter M,Prandtl number Pr,Lewis number Le,Brownian motion parameter Nb,thermophoresis parameter Nr,nanofluid Lewis number Ln,modified Dufour parameter Nd and Dufour solutal number Ld coupled with comprehensive discussions.Numerical effects of local Nusselt number,local Sherwood number and nanofluid Sherwood number are also discussed. | Umar Khan Naveed Ahmed Sheikh Irfan Ullah Khan Syed Taluseef Mohyud-din | 2014 | Propulsion and Power Research2014，3，3： | 5 |
| 2 | Review:Botnet detection techniques: review, future trends, and issue显示文摘In recent years, the Internet has enabled access to widespread remote services in the distributed computing environment; however, integrity of data transmission in the distributed computing platform is hindered by a number of security issues. For instance, the botnet phenomenon is a prominent threat to Internet security, including the threat of malicious codes. The botnet phenomenon supports a wide range of criminal activities, including distributed denial of service(DDoS) attacks, click fraud, phishing, malware distribution, spam emails, and building machines for illegitimate exchange of information/materials. Therefore, it is imperative to design and develop a robust mechanism for improving the botnet detection, analysis, and removal process. Currently, botnet detection techniques have been reviewed in different ways; however, such studies are limited in scope and lack discussions on the latest botnet detection techniques. This paper presents a comprehensive review of the latest state-of-the-art techniques for botnet detection and figures out the trends of previous and current research. It provides a thematic taxonomy for the classification of botnet detection techniques and highlights the implications and critical aspects by qualitatively analyzing such techniques. Related to our comprehensive review, we highlight future directions for improving the schemes that broadly span the entire botnet detection research field and identify the persistent and prominent research challenges that remain open. | Ahmad KARIM Rosli Bin SALLEH Muhammad SHIRAZ Syed Adeel Ali SHAH Irfan AWAN Nor Badrul ANUAR | 2014 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science C(Computers and Electronics)2014，15，11： | 4 |
| 3 | Sedative and antinociceptive activities of two new sesquiterpenes isolated from Ricinus communis显示文摘Two new sesquiterpenes, trivially named ricinusoids A(1) and ricinusoids B(2), were isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of Ricinus communis. The structures of new compounds were elucidated by detailed spectroscopic techniques, including 1 D-and 2 D-NMR, UV, IR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. The compounds(1-2) were also assessed for in-vivo sedative and analgesic like effects in open field and acetic acid induced writhing tests respectively at 5, 10, and 20 mg·kg^(–1) i.p. Pretreatment of both test compounds caused significant(P ≤ 0.05) reduction in locomotive activity like sedative agents and abdominal constrictions like analgesics. Both compounds(1-2) possessed marked sedative and antinociceptive effects in animal models. | Umar Farooq Ajmal Khan Sadia Naz Abdur Rauf Haroon Khan Afsar Khan Irfan Ullah Syed Majid Bukhari | 2018 | Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines2018，16，3： | 2 |
| 4 | MPLS Unleashed:Remedy Using IPSEC over MPLS VPN显示文摘 | Syed Noor-ul-Hassan Shirazi Muhammad Asim Muhammad Irfan and Nassar Ikram | 2010 | Communications in Computer and Information Science2010，76，： | 1 |
| 5 | Connective tissue growth factor expression hints at aggressive nature of colorectal cancer显示文摘BACKGROUND Connective tissue growth factor(CTGF)is a mediator of transforming growth factor-beta signaling and plays a key role in connective tissue remodeling,inflammatory processes and fibrosis in various illnesses including cancer.AIM To investigate the role of CTGF in colorectal cancer(CRC)progression and to compare the CTGF expression with different clinicopathological parameters.METHODS Real-time polymerase chain reaction,immunohistochemistry and Western blotting was performed to evaluate the CTGF expression and the results were statistically analyzed against the clinicopathological variables of patient data using STATA software version 16.RESULTS CTGF expression levels in tumor specimens were significantly higher than their paired normal specimens.The higher protein expression levels showed a significant association with smoking,staging,tumor grade,invasion depth,necrosis of tumor tissue,and both lymphovascular and perineural invasion.As per the cox regression model and classification tree analysis,tumor-nodemetastasis stage and perineural invasion were important predictors for CTGF expression and prognosis of CRC patients.Survival analysis indicated that CTGF overexpression was associated with poorer overall and disease-free survival.CONCLUSION Expression of CTGF was increased in CRC and was linked with poor overall and disease-free survival of CRC patients.These findings support prior observations and thus CTGF may be a possible prognostic marker in CRC. | Ishrat Parveiz Bhat Tahseen Bilal Rather Irfan Maqbool Gowhar Rashid Kulsum Akhtar Gulzar A Bhat Fazl Q Parray Besina Syed Ishrat Younas Khan Mohsin Kazi Muhammad D Hussain Mudassar Syed | 2022 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2022，28，5： | 1 |
| 6 | Isolation and screening of cellulolytic bacteria from soil and optimization of cellulase production and activity显示文摘 | Irfan M Safdar A Syed Q | 2012 | Turkish Journal of Biochemistry2012，37，3： | 1 |
| 7 | One-factor-at-a-time(OFAT)optimization of xylanase production from Trichod erma virideIR05 in solid-state fermentation显示文摘 | Irfan M Nadeem M Syed Q | 2014 | Journal of Radiation Research and Applied Science2014，，7： | 1 |
| 8 | Effect of Medium Composition on Xylanase Production by Bacillus subtilis using Various Agricultural Wastes 显示文摘 | Irfan M Nadeem M Syed Q | 2012 | American-Eurasian Agric &Environ Sci2012，12，5： | 1 |
| 9 | Impact of Artificial Compressibility on the Numerical Solution of Incompressible Nanofluid Flow显示文摘The numerical solution of compressible flows has become more prevalent than that of incompressible flows.With the help of the artificial compressibility approach,incompressible flows can be solved numerically using the same methods as compressible ones.The artificial compressibility scheme is thus widely used to numerically solve incompressible Navier-Stokes equations.Any numerical method highly depends on its accuracy and speed of convergence.Although the artificial compressibility approach is utilized in several numerical simulations,the effect of the compressibility factor on the accuracy of results and convergence speed has not been investigated for nanofluid flows in previous studies.Therefore,this paper assesses the effect of this factor on the convergence speed and accuracy of results for various types of thermo-flow.To improve the stability and convergence speed of time discretizations,the fifth-order Runge-Kutta method is applied.A computer program has been written in FORTRAN to solve the discretized equations in different Reynolds and Grashof numbers for various grids.The results demonstrate that the artificial compressibility factor has a noticeable effect on the accuracy and convergence rate of the simulation.The optimum artificial compressibility is found to be between 1 and 5.These findings can be utilized to enhance the performance of commercial numerical simulation tools,including ANSYS and COMSOL. | Tohid Adibi Shams Forruque Ahmed Seyed Esmail Razavi Omid Adibi Irfan Anjum Badruddin Syed Javed | 2023 | Computers, Materials & Continua2023，，3： | 0 |
| 10 | Efficient Numerical Scheme for Solving Large System of Nonlinear Equations显示文摘A fifth-order family of an iterative method for solving systems of nonlinear equations and highly nonlinear boundary value problems has been developed in this paper.Convergence analysis demonstrates that the local order of convergence of the numerical method is five.The computer algebra system CAS-Maple,Mathematica,or MATLAB was the primary tool for dealing with difficult problems since it allows for the handling and manipulation of complex mathematical equations and other mathematical objects.Several numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the properties of the proposed rapidly convergent algorithms.A dynamic evaluation of the presented methods is also presented utilizing basins of attraction to analyze their convergence behavior.Aside from visualizing iterative processes,this methodology provides useful information on iterations,such as the number of diverging-converging points and the average number of iterations as a function of initial points.Solving numerous highly nonlinear boundary value problems and large nonlinear systems of equations of higher dimensions demonstrate the performance,efficiency,precision,and applicability of a newly presented technique. | Mudassir Shams Nasreen Kausar Shams Forruque Ahmed Irfan Anjum Badruddin Syed Javed | 2023 | Computers, Materials & Continua2023，，3： | 0 |
| 11 | On Hiding Secret Information in Medium Frequency DCT Components Using Least Significant Bits Steganography显示文摘This work presents a new method of data hiding in digital images,in discrete cosine transform domain.The proposed method uses the least significant bits of the medium frequency components of the cover image for hiding the secret information,while the low and high frequency coefficients are kept unaltered.The unaltered low frequency DCT coefficients preserves the quality of the smooth region of the cover image,while no changes in the high DCT coefficient preserve the quality of the edges.As the medium frequency components have less contribution towards energy and image details,so the modification of these coefficients for data hiding results in high quality stego images.The distortion due to the changes in the medium frequency coefficients is insignificant to be detected by the human visual system.The proposed methods demonstrated a hiding capacity of 43:11%with the stego image quality of a peak signal to the noise ration of 36:3 dB,which is significantly higher than the threshold of 30 dB for a stego image quality.The proposed technique is immune to steganalysis and has proved to be highly secured against both spatial and DCT domain steganalysis techniques. | Sahib Khan M A Irfan Arslan Arif Syed Tahir Hussain Rizvi Asma Gul Muhammad Naeem Nasir Ahmad | 2019 | Computer Modeling in Engineering & Sciences2019，，3： | 0 |
| 12 | Advances and challenges of methanol-tolerant oxygen reduction reaction electrocatalysts for the direct methanol fuel cell显示文摘Methanol cross-over effects from the anode to the cathode are important parameters for reducing catalytic performance in direct methanol fuel cells.A promising candidate catalyst for the cathode in direct methanol fuel cells must have excellent activity toward oxygen reduction reaction and resistance to methanol oxidation reaction.This review focuses on the methanol tolerant noble metal-based electrocatalysts,including platinum and palladium-based alloys,noble metal–carbon based composites,transition metal-based catalysts,carbon-based metal catalysts,and metal-free catalysts.The understanding of the correlation between the activity and the synthesis method,electrolyte environment and stability issues are highlighted.For the transition metal-based catalyst,their activity,stability and methanol tolerance in direct methanol fuel cells and comparisons with those of platinum are particularly discussed.Finally,strategies to enhance the methanol tolerance and hinder the generation of mixed potential in direct methanol fuel cells are also presented.This review provides a perspective for future developments for the scientist in selecting suitable methanol tolerate catalyst for oxygen reduction reaction and designing high-performance practical direct methanol fuel cells. | Muhammad Aizaz Ud Din Muhammad Idrees Sidra Jamil Syed Irfan Ghazanfar Nazir Muhammad Ahmad Mudassir Muhammad Shahrukh Saleem Saima Batool Nanpu Cheng Rahman Saidur | 2023 | Journal of Energy Chemistry2023，，2： | 0 |
| 13 | Performance analysis of a random ARQ initialized cooperative communication protocol in shadowed Nakagami-m wireless channel显示文摘In this paper, we develop and analyze an energy efficient ARQ (automatic repeat request) initialized transmit diversity protocol for cooperative communications. Medium access control (MAC) layer packet retransmission limit (similar to aShortRetryLimit or aLongRetryLimit [802.11-1997]) has been used as an actuator for transmit cooperative diversity initialization. We take the channel state information (CSI) as a function of retransmission tries and the number of retransmission tries is modeled as a random variable. Relays close to the source node are chosen for the transmit cooperation. Closed form expressions are obtained for symbol error rate (SER), outage capacity and outage probability for the proposed scheme in shadowed fading channels. This cooperative scheme achieves lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), stumpy outage probability, higher bandwidth, and transmit energy efficiencies for desired average symbol error rate (ASER) than the preceding ARQ based cooperative protocols. Finally, the results of computer simulations are included to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed scheme and to verify the accuracy of the analytical expressions. | AHMED Irfan PENG MuGen WANG WenBo SHAH Syed Ismail | 2009 | Science in China(Series F)2009，52，6： | 0 |
| 14 | Anti-obesity effect and UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS based metabolite profiling of Solanum nigrum leaf extract显示文摘Objective:To evaluate the antioxidant potential and pancreatic lipase inhibitory action of optimized hydroethanolic extracts of Solanum nigrum.Methods:Optimized extraction for maximum recovery of metabolites was performed using a combination of freeze-drying and ultrasonication followed by determination of antioxidant and antiobesity properties.The ultra-high performance liquid chromatography equipped with mass spectrometry was used to analyze metabolite profiling of Solanum nigrum.Computational studies were performed using molecular docking and electrostatic potential analysis for individual compounds.The hypolipidemic potential of the most potent extract was assessed in the obese mice fed on fat rich diet.Results:The 80%hydroethanolic extract exhibited the highest extract yield,total phenolic contents,total flavonoid contents along with the strongest 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging activity,total antioxidant power,and pancreatic lipase inhibitory properties.The 80%hydroethanolic extract not only regulated the lipid profile of obese mice but also restricted the weight gain in the liver,kidney,and heart.The 80%hydroethanolic extract also reduced alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase concentrations in serum.The effects of plant extract at 300 mg/kg body weight were quite comparable with the standard drug orlistat.Conclusions:Solanum nigrum is proved as an excellent and potent source of secondary metabolites that might be responsible for obesity mitigation. | Zain Ul Aabideen Muhammad Waseem Mumtaz Muhammad Tayyab Akhtar Muhammad Asam Raza Hamid Mukhtar Ahmad Irfan Syed Ali Raza Muhammad Nadeem Yee Soon Ling | 2022 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine2022，12，4： | 0 |
| 15 | Evaluation of state and community/private forests in Punjab, Pakistan using geospatial data and related techniques显示文摘Background: Forests are fundamental in maintaining water supplies, providing economic goods, mitigating climate change, and maintaining biodiversity, thus providing many of the world's poorest with income, food and medicine.Too often, forested lands are treated as 'wastelands' or 'free' and are easily cleared for agricultural and infrastructure expansion.Methods: In this paper, the sustainability of two forest ecosystems(state and community/private owned) was evaluated using SPOT-5 satellite images of 2005 and 2011. This study was conducted in a sub-watershed area covering 468 km2, of which 201 km2 is managed by the state and 267 km2 by community/private ownership in the Murree Galliat region of Punjab Province of Pakistan. A participatory approach was adopted for the delineation and demarcation of forest boundaries. The Geographic Object-Based Image Analysis(GEOBIA) technique was used for identification and mapping of ten Land Cover(LC) features.Results: The results show that between the years 2005 to 2011, a total of 55 km2(24 km2 in state-owned forest and 31km2 in community/private forest) was converted from forest to non-forest. The conclusion is that conservation is more effective in state-owned forests than in the community/private forests.Conclusions: These findings may help to mobilize community awareness and identify effective initiatives for improved management of community/private forest land for other regions of Pakistan. | Naeem Shahzad Urooj Saeed Hammad Gilani Sajid Rashid Ahmad Irfan Ashraf Syed Muhammad Irteza | 2015 | Forest Ecosystems2015，2，2： | 0 |
| 16 | National guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of hilar cholangiocarcinoma显示文摘A consensus meeting of national experts from all major national hepatobiliary centres in the country was held on May 26,2023,at the Pakistan Kidney and Liver Institute&Research Centre(PKLI&RC)after initial consultations with the experts.The Pakistan Society for the Study of Liver Diseases(PSSLD)and PKLI&RC jointly organised this meeting.This effort was based on a comprehensive literature review to establish national practice guidelines for hilar cholangiocarcinoma(hCCA).The consensus was that hCCA is a complex disease and requires a multidisciplinary team approach to best manage these patients.This coordinated effort can minimise delays and give patients a chance for curative treatment and effective palliation.The diagnostic and staging workup includes high-quality computed tomography,magnetic resonance imaging,and magnetic resonance cholangiopancreato-graphy.Brush cytology or biopsy utilizing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography is a mainstay for diagnosis.However,histopathologic confirmation is not always required before resection.Endoscopic ultrasound with fine needle aspiration of regional lymph nodes and positron emission tomography scan are valuable adjuncts for staging.The only curative treatment is the surgical resection of the biliary tree based on the Bismuth-Corlette classification.Selected patients with unresectable hCCA can be considered for liver transplantation.Adjuvant chemotherapy should be offered to patients with a high risk of recurrence.The use of preoperative biliary drainage and the need for portal vein embolisation should be based on local multidisciplinary discussions.Patients with acute cholangitis can be drained with endoscopic or percutaneous biliary drainage.Palliative chemotherapy with cisplatin and gemcitabine has shown improved survival in patients with irresectable and recurrent hCCA. | Faisal Saud Dar Zaigham Abbas Irfan Ahmed Muhammad Atique Usman Iqbal Aujla Muhammad Azeemuddin Zeba Aziz Abu Bakar Hafeez Bhatti Tariq Ali Bangash Amna Subhan Butt Osama Tariq Butt Abdul Wahab Dogar Javed Iqbal Farooqi Faisal Hanif Jahanzaib Haider Siraj Haider Syed Mujahid Hassan Adnan Abdul Jabbar Aman Nawaz Khan Muhammad Shoaib Khan Muhammad Yasir Khan Amer Latif Nasir Hassan Luck Ahmad Karim Malik Kamran Rashid Sohail Rashid Mohammad Salih Abdullah Saeed Amjad Salamat Ghias-un-Nabi Tayyab Aasim Yusuf Haseeb Haider Zia Ammara Naveed | 2024 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2024，30，9： | 0 |
| 17 | Mobile phones in the orthopedic operating room: Microbial colonization and antimicrobial resistance显示文摘BACKGROUND Surgical site infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality following orthopedic surgery.Recent efforts to identify sources of contamination in the operating rooms have implicated mobile phones.AIM To investigate microbial colonization on the mobile phones of health care professionals in the orthopedic operating room.METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study involving culture and sensitivity analysis of swabs taken from the mobile phones of orthopedic and anesthesia attendings,residents,technicians and nurses working in the orthopedic operating rooms over a period of two months.Demographic and cell phone related factors were recorded using a questionnaire and the factors associated with contamination were analyzed.RESULTS Ninety-three of 100 mobile phones were contaminated.Species isolated were Coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(62%),Micrococcus(41%)and Bacillus(26%).The risk of contamination was increased with mobile covers and cracked screens and decreased by cell phone cleaning.CONCLUSION Mobile phones belonging to health care workers are frequently contaminated with pathogenic bacteria with the potential of transferring drug resistance to nosocomial pathogens.Studies investigating the relationship to surgical site infections need to be conducted.The concept of'mobile hygiene'involving the change of mobile covers,replacement of cracked screens or even wiping the phone with an alcohol swab could yield the cost-effective balance that contaminated cell phones deserve until they are established as a direct cause of surgical site infections. | Nada Qaisar Qureshi Syed Hamza Mufarrih Seema Irfan Rizwan Haroon Rashid Akbar Jaleel Zubairi Anum Sadruddin Israr Ahmed Shahryar Noordin | 2020 | World Journal of Orthopedics2020，11，5： | 0 |
| 18 | The microRNA pathway controls germ cell proliferation and differentiation in C. elegans显示文摘miRNA 小径的发现揭示了生物过程的分子的控制的新层。揭开这基因的新功能规章的小径,我们在 Caenorhabditis elegans, ALG-1 和 ALG-2 拿了二 miRNA 特定的 Argonaute 蛋白质的描述。我们首先观察到 alg-1 和 alg-2 基因的 loss-of-function 导致了减少的子孙数字。这些异种的 germline 的广泛的分析揭示了一个减少的有丝分裂的区域,显示更少增殖的细菌房间。我们也在 alg-1 和 alg-2 异种动物观察了一个早条目进成熟分裂。我们在远侧的尖端房间(DTC ) 检测了 ALG-1 和 ALG-2 蛋白质表情,在两 C 的尖端定位的一个专业化房间。调整有丝分裂成熟分裂转变的 elegans gonadal 手臂。在变异的动物的 DTC 明确地重建 alg-1 的表示部分救了观察 germline 缺点。进一步的分析也在 gametogenesis 支持 miRNA 小径的含意。有趣地,我们观察到在 DTC 表示的五 miRNAs 的那混乱导致了类似的显型。最后, alg-1 异种性腺的基因表示分析建议 miRNA 小径涉及为 germline 增长和区别重要的不同小径的规定。一起,我们的数据显示 miRNA 小径在 C 在细菌房间生物的续生说的控制起一个关键作用。elegans。 | Syed Irfan Ahmad Bukhari Alejandro Vasquez-Rifo Dominic Gagne' Eric R Paquet Monique Zetka Claude Robert Jean-Yves Masson Martin J Simard | 2012 | Cell Research2012，22，6： | 0 |
| 19 | Fluid Flow and Mixed Heat Transfer in a Horizontal Channel with an Open Cavity and Wavy Wall显示文摘Heat exchangers are utilized extensively in different industries and technologies.Consequently,optimizing heat exchangers has been a major concern among researchers.Although various studies have been conducted to improve the heat transfer rate,the use of a wavy wall in the presence of different types of heat transfer mechanisms has not been investigated.This study thus investigates the mixed heat transmission behavior of fluid in a horizontal channel with a cavity and a hot,wavy wall.The fluid flow in the channel is considered laminar,and the governing equations including continuity,momentum,and energy are all solved numerically.The numerical solution is stabilized by using a first-order multi-dimensional characteristic-based scheme in combination with a fifth-order Runge-Kutta method.The flow and heat transfer effects of varying Richardson numbers,Reynolds numbers,wave amplitude,wavelength,channel height,and cavity width are examined.The results indicate that the mean Nusselt number increases with an increase in Reynolds number,wave amplitude,and cavity width,while it decreases with an increase in Richardson number,wavelength,and channel height.The minimum Nusselt number is calculated to be 0.7,whereas the maximum Nusselt number is 27.09.The Nusselt number has only increased by 40%in the higher depths of the cavity,despite the Richardson number being 10,000 times larger.But this figure increases to 130%at lower depths.The mean Nusselt number is thus significantly influenced by channel height and cavity width.The influence of wave amplitude on the mean Nusselt number is twice that of wavelength. | Tohid Adibi Shams Forruque Ahmed Omid Adibi Hassan Athari Irfan Anjum Badruddin Syed Javed | 2023 | Intelligent Automation & Soft Computing2023，，7： | 0 |
| 20 | Thermal Conductivity of Complex Plasmas Using Novel Evan-Gillan Approach显示文摘The thermal conductivity of complex fluid materials(dusty plasmas) has been explored through novel Evan-Gillan homogeneous non-equilibrium molecular dynamic(HNEMD) algorithm. The thermal conductivity coefficient obtained from HNEMD is dependent on various plasma parameters(Γ, κ). The proposed algorithm gives accurate results with fast convergence and small size effect over a wide range of plasma parameters. The cross microscopic heat energy current is discussed in association with variation of temperature(1/Γ) and external perturbations(P_z). The thermal conductivity obtained from HNEMD simulations is found to be very good agreement and more reliable than previously known numerical techniques of equilibrium molecular dynamic, nonequilibrium molecular dynamic simulations. Our new investigations point to an effective conclusion that the thermal conductivity of complex dusty plasmas is dependent on an extensive range of plasma coupling(Γ) and screening parameter(κ) and it varies by the alteration in these parameters.It is also shown that a different approach is used for computations of thermal conductivity in 2D complex plasmas and can be appropriate method for behaviors of complex systems. | Aamir Shahzad Syed Irfan Haider Muhammad Kashif Muhammad Shahzad Shifa Tariq Munir Mao-Gang He | 2018 | Communications in Theoretical Physics2018，69，6： | 0 |
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