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| 1 | Magnetic resonance imaging:Review of imaging techniques and overview of liver imaging显示文摘Magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) of the liver is slowly transitioning from a problem solving imaging modality to a first line imaging modality for many diseases of the liver.The well established advantages of MRI over other cross sectional imaging modalities may be the basis for this transition.Technological advancements in MRI that focus on producing high quality images and fast imaging,increasing diagnostic accuracy and developing newer function-specific contrast agents are essential in ensuring that MRI succeeds as a first line imaging modality.Newer imaging techniques,such as parallel imaging,are widely utilized to shorten scanning time.Diffusion weighted echo planar imaging,an adaptation from neuroimaging,is fast becoming a routine part of the MRI liver protocol to improve lesion detection and characterization of focal liver lesions.Contrast enhanced dynamic T1 weighted imaging is crucial in complete evaluation of diseases and the merit of this dynamic imaging relies heavily on the appropriate timing of the contrast injection.Newer techniques that include fluorotriggered contrast enhanced MRI,an adaptation from 3D MRA imaging,are utilized to achieve good bolus timing that will allow for optimum scanning.For accurate interpretation of liver diseases,good understanding of the newer imaging techniques and familiarity with typical imaging features of liver diseases are essential.In this review,MR sequences for a time efficient liver MRI protocol utilizing newer imaging techniques are discussed and an overview of imaging features of selected common focal and diffuse liver diseases are presented. | Santhi Maniam Janio Szklaruk | 2010 | World Journal of Radiology2010，2，8： | 10 |
| 2 | Role of endoscopic ultrasound during hospitalization for acute pancreatitis显示文摘Endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)is often used to detect the cause of acute pancreatitis(AP)after the acute attack has subsided.The limited data on its role during hospitalization for AP are reviewed here.The ability of EUS to visualize the pancreas and bile duct,the sonographic appearance of the pancreas,correlation of such appearance to clinical outcomes and the impact on AP management are analyzed from studies.The most important indication for EUS appears to be for detection of suspected common bile duct and/or gall bladder stones and microlithiasis.Such an approach might avoid diagnostic endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography with its known complications.The use of EUS during hospitalization for AP still appears to be infrequent but may become more frequent in future. | Vikram Kotwal Rupjyoti Talukdar Michael Levy Santhi Swaroop Vege | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，39： | 6 |
| 3 | New insights into estrogenic regulation of O^6-methylguanine DNA-methyltransferase (MGMT) in human breast cancer cells: Co-degradation of ER-α and MGMT proteins by fulvestrant or O^6-benzylguanine indicates fresh avenues for therapy显示文摘Endocrine therapy using estrogen receptor-α(ER-α) antagonists for attenuating horm2one-driven cell proliferation is a major treatment modality for breast cancers.To exploit any DNA repair deficiencies associated with endocrine therapy,we investigated the functional and physical interactions of ER-α with O^6-methylguanine DNA methyltransferase(MGMT),a unique DNA repair protein that confers tumor resistance to various anticancer alkylating agents.The ER-α-positive breast cancer cell lines(MCF-7,T47D) and ER- negative cell lines(MDAMB-468,MDAMB-231),and established inhibitors of ER-α and MGMT,namely,ICI-182,780(Faslodex) and O^6-benzylguanine,respectively,were used to study MGMT- ER interactions.The MGMT gene promoter was found to harbor one full and two half estrogen-responsive elements(EREs) and two antioxidant-responsive elements(AREs).MGMT expression was upregulated by estrogen,downregulated by tamoxifen in Western blot and promoter-linked reporter assays.Similarly,both transient and stable transfections of Nrf-2(nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor-2)increased the levels of MGMT protein and activity 3 to 4-fold reflecting novel regulatory nodes for this drugresistance determinant.Of the different ER-α antagonists tested,the pure anti-estrogen fulvestrant was most potent in inhibiting the MGMT activity in a dose,time and ER-α dependent manner,similar to O^6-benzylguanine.Interestingly,fulvestrant exposure led to a degradation of both ER-α and MGMT proteins and O^6-benzylguanine also induced a specific loss of ER-α and MGMT proteins in MCF-7 and T47 D breast cancer cells with similar kinetics.Immunoprecipitation revealed a specific association of ER-α and MGMT proteins in breast cancer cells.Furthermore,silencing of MGMT gene expression triggered a decrease in the levels of both MGMT and ER-α proteins.The involvement of proteasome in the drug-induced degradation of both proteins was also demonstrated.Fulvestrant enhanced the cytotoxicity of MGMT-targeted alkylating agents,namely,temozolomide and BCNU by 3 to 4-fold in ER-α positive cells,but not in ER-negative cells.We conclude that MGMT and ER-α proteins exist as a complex and are co-targeted for ubiquitin-conjugation and subsequent proteasomal degradation.The findings offer a clear rationale for combining alkylating agents with endocrine therapy. | Ameya Paranjpe Nathan I. Bailes Santhi Konduri George C. Bobustuc Francis Ali-Osman Mohd. A. Yusuf Surendra R. Punganuru Hanumantha Rao Madal Debasish Basak AGM Mostofa Kalkunte S. Srivenugopa | 2016 | The Journal of Biomedical Research2016，30，5： | 5 |
| 4 | Peripancreatic collections in acute pancreatitis: Correlation between computerized tomography and operative fi ndings显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the ability of contrast-enhanced computerized tomography (CECT) to characterize the nature of peripancreatic collections.METHODS: Twenty five patients with peripancreatic collections on CECT and who underwent operative intervention for severe acute pancreatitis were retrospectively studied. The collections were classified into (1) necrosis without frank pus; (2) necrosis with pus; and (3) fluid without necrosis. A blinded radiologist assessed the preoperative CTs of each patient for necrosis and peripancreatic fluid collections. Peripancreatic collections were described in terms of volume, location, number, heterogeneity, fluid attenuation, wall perceptibility, wall enhancement, presence of extraluminal gas, and vascular compromise.RESULTS: Fifty-four collections were identif ied at operation, of which 45 (83%) were identif ied on CECT. Of these, 25/26 (96%) had necrosis without pus, 16/19 (84%) had necrosis with pus, and 4/9 (44%) had fluid without necrosis. Among the study characteristics, fluid heterogeneity was seen in a greater proportion of collections in the group with necrosis and pus, compared to the other two groups (94% vs 48% and 25%, P = 0.002 and 0.003, respectively). Among the wall characteristics, irregularity was seen in a greater proportion of collections in the groups with necrosis with and without pus, when compared to the group with fluid without necrosis (88% and 71% vs 25%, P = 0.06 and P < 0.01, respectively). The combination of heterogeneity and presence of extraluminal gas had a specif icity and positive likelihood ratio of 92% and 5.9, respectively, in detecting pus. CONCLUSION: Most of the peripancreatic collections seen on CECT in patients with severe acute pancreatitis who require operative intervention contain necrotic tissue. CECT has a somewhat limited role in differentiating the different types of collections. | Santhi Swaroop Vege Joel G Fletcher Rupjyoti Talukdar Michael G Sarr | 2010 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2010，16，34： | 5 |
| 5 | Atrazine biodegradation efficiency, metabolite detection, and trzD gene expression by enrichment bacterial cultures from agricultural soil显示文摘Atrazine is a selective herbicide used in agricultural fields to control the emergence of broadleaf and grassy weeds. The persistence of this herbicide is influenced by the metabolic action of habituated native microorganisms. This study provides information on the occurrence of atrazine mineralizing bacterial strains with faster metabolizing ability. The enrichment cultures were tested for the biodegradation of atrazine by high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) and mass spectrometry. Nine cultures JS01.Deg01 to JS09.Deg01 were identified as the degrader of atrazine in the enrichment culture. The three isolates JS04.Deg01, JS07.Deg01, and JS08.Deg01 were identified as efficient atrazine metabolizers. Isolates JS04.Deg01 and JS07.Deg01 produced hydroxyatrazine(HA) N-isopropylammelide and cyanuric acid by dealkylation reaction. The isolate JS08.Deg01 generated deethylatrazine(DEA), deisopropylatrazine(DIA), and cyanuric acid by N-dealkylation in the upper degradation pathway and later it incorporated cyanuric acid in their biomass by the lower degradation pathway. The optimum pH for degrading atrazine by JS08.Deg01 was 7.0 and 16S rDNA phylogenetic typing identified it as Enterobacter cloacae strain JS08.Deg01. The highest atrazine mineralization was observed in case of isolate JS08.Deg01, where an ample amount of trzD mRNA was quantified at 72 h of incubation with atrazine. Atrazine bioremediating isolate E. cloacae strain JS08.Deg01 could be the better environmental remediator of agricultural soils and the crop fields contaminated with atrazine could be the source of the efficient biodegrading microbial strains for the environmental cleanup process. | Robinson David Jebakumar SOLOMON Amit KUMAR Velayudhan SATHEEJA SANTHI | 2013 | Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology)2013，14，12： | 5 |
| 6 | Antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of hexane extract of Morinda pubescens leaves in human liver cancer cell line显示文摘Objective:To evaluate the antioxidant and cytotoxic effects of hexane extract of Morinda pubescens leaves and to find the primary bioactive compound responsible for antioxidant and cytotoxic activities.Methods:The individual compounds were isolated using column chromatography and were characterized by spectroscopic techniques.The antioxidant activity was evaluated for all individual isolated compounds by DPPH method using L-Ascorbic acid as standard and cytotoxicity was assessed for the extract and the hyoscyamine by MTT assay, caspase test and RT-PCR study.Results:The antioxidant activity of the isolated compounds and the extract increased as the concentration increased.One of the isolated compound hyoscyamine showed the high antioxidant activity.The extract and the hyoscyamine dose-dependently decreased the cell viability in HepG2 cells.Hyoscyamine induced caspase-3 mediated apoptosis. Up regulation of p53 gene expression provides cue for apoptotic activity of hyoscyamine. Conclusions:The results indicate that hexane extract possessed potent antioxidant and cytotoxic activity and hyoscyamine is the principal bioactive compound in hexane extract. | Jaya Kumar D Jaya Santhi R | 2012 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2012，5，5： | 4 |
| 7 | The New Revised Classification of Acute Pancreatitis 2012显示文摘 | Michael G. Sarr Peter A. Banks Thomas L. Bollen Christos Dervenis Hein G. Gooszen Colin D. Johnson Gregory G. Tsiotos Santhi Swaroop Vege | 2013 | Surgical Clinics of North America2013，，3： | 3 |
| 8 | Sleep, circadian dysrhythmia, obesity and diabetes显示文摘Synchrony of biological processes with environmental cues developed over millennia to match growth, reproduction and senescence. This entails a complex interplay of genetic, metabolic, chemical, light, hormonal andhedonistic factors across life forms. Sleep is one of the most prominent rhythms where such a match is established. Over the past 100 years or so, it has been possible to disturb the synchrony between sleep-wake cycle and environmental cues. Development of electric lights, shift work and continual accessibility of the internet has disrupted this match. As a result, many noncommunicable diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, coronary artery disease and malignancies have been attributed in part to such disruption. In this presentation a review is made of the origin and evolution of sleep studies, the pathogenic mediators for such asynchrony, clinical evidence and relevance and suggested management options to deal with the disturbances. | Gumpeny Ramachandra Sridhar Narasimhadevara Santhi Nirmala Sanjana | 2016 | World Journal of Diabetes2016，7，19： | 3 |
| 9 | Differences in Clinical Profile and Relapse Rate of Type 1 Versus Type 2 Autoimmune Pancreatitis显示文摘 | Raghuwansh P. Sah Suresh T. Chari Rahul Pannala Aravind Sugumar Jonathan E. Clain Michael J. Levy Randall K. Pearson Thomas C. Smyrk Bret T. Petersen Mark D. Topazian Naoki Takahashi Michael B. Farnell Santhi S. Vege | 2010 | Gastroenterology2010，，1： | 3 |
| 10 | Treatment of relapsing autoimmune pancreatitis with immunomodulators and rituximab: the Mayo Clinic experience显示文摘 | Phil A Hart Mark D Topazian Thomas E Witzig Jonathan E Clain Ferga C Gleeson Robin R Klebig Michael J Levy Randall K Pearson Bret T Petersen Thomas C Smyrk Aravind Sugumar Naoki Takahashi Santhi S Vege Suresh T Chari | 2013 | Gut2013，，11： | 2 |
| 11 | Assessment of calcium polysulfide for the remediation of hexavalent chromium in chromite ore processing residue (COPR)显示文摘 | Mahmoud Wazne Santhi Chandra Jagupilla Deok Hyun Moon Sarath Chandra Jagupilla Christos Christodoulatos Min Gyu Kim | 2007 | Journal of Hazardous Materials2007，，3： | 2 |
| 12 | Treatment of relapsing autoimmune pancreatitis with immunomodulators and rituximab: the Mayo Clinic experience显示文摘 | Phil A Hart Mark D Topazian Thomas E Witzig Jonathan E Clain Ferga C Gleeson Robin R Klebig Michael J Levy Randall K Pearson Bret T Petersen Thomas C Smyrk Aravind Sugumar Naoki Takahashi Santhi S Vege Suresh T Chari | 2013 | Gut2013，，11： | 2 |
| 13 | Disconnected pancreatic duct syndrome in severe acute pancreatitis: clinical and imaging characteristics and outcomes in a cohort of 31 cases显示文摘 | Mario Pelaez-Luna Santhi Swaroop Vege Bret T. Petersen Suresh T. Chari Jonathan E. Clain Michael J. Levy Randal K. Pearson Mark D. Topazian Michael B. Farnell Michael L. Kendrick Todd H. Baron | 2008 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2008，，1： | 2 |
| 14 | Effects of particle size and acid addition on the remediation of chromite ore processing residue using ferrous sulfate显示文摘 | Santhi Chandra Jagupilla Deok Hyun Moon Mahmoud Wazne Christos Christodoulatos Min Gyu Kim | 2009 | Journal of Hazardous Materials2009，，1： | 2 |
| 15 | Validation of the SWAT model on a large river basin with point and nonpoint sources 显示文摘 | SANTHI C ARNOLD J G WILLIAMS J R | 2011 | Journal of the American Water Resources Association2011，37，： | 1 |
| 16 | Removal of reactive dyes from wastewater by adsorption on coir pith activated carbon 显示文摘 | Santhy K Selvapathy P | 2006 | Bioresouree Technology2006，97，11： | 1 |
| 17 | Occurrence ofbisphenol A in surface water, drinking water and plamm from Malaysia with exposure assessment from consumption of drinking water显示文摘 | Santhi V A Sakai N Ahmad E D | 2012 | Science of The Total Environmen2012，427，： | 1 |
| 18 | Diagnosis of Autoimmune Pancreatitis: The Mayo Clinic Experience显示文摘 | Suresh T. Chari Thomas C. Smyrk Michael J. Levy Mark D. Topazian Naoki Takahashi Lizhi Zhang Jonathan E. Clain Randall K. Pearson Bret T. Petersen Santhi Swaroop Vege Michael B. Farnell | 2006 | Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology2006，，8： | 1 |
| 19 | Alzheimer disease and it s management:a review显示文摘 | Wilson B Santhi K | 2006 | Am J Ther2006，13，6： | 1 |
| 20 | Validation of the SWAT model on a large river basin with point and nonpoint sources显示文摘 | SANTHI C ARNOLD J G WILLIAMS J R | 2001 | Journal of the American Water Resources Associa- tion2001，37，5： | 1 |
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