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| 1 | Causes of the Extreme Hot Midsummer in Central and South China during 2017:Role of the Western Tropical Pacific Warming显示文摘This study investigates why an extreme hot midsummer occurred in Central and South China(CSC) during 2017. It is shown that the western North Pacific subtropical high(WNPSH) was abnormally intensified and westward-extending,resulting in anomalous high pressure and consequent extreme heat over CSC. The abnormal WNPSH was favored by the warming of the western tropical Pacific(WTP), which was unrelated to ENSO and manifested its own individual effect.The WTP warming enhanced the convection in-situ and led to anomalous high pressure over CSC via a local meridional circulation. The influence of the WTP was confirmed by CAM4 model experiments. A comparison between the 2017 midsummer and 2010 midsummer(with a stronger WNPSH but weaker extreme heat) indicated that the influence of the WNPSH on extreme heat can be modulated by the associated precipitation in the northwestern flank.The role of the WTP was verified by regression analyses on the interannual variation of the WTP sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA). On the other hand, the WTP has undergone prominent warming during the past few decades, resulting from decadal to long-term changes and favoring extreme warm conditions. Through a mechanism similar to the interannual variation, the decadal to long-term changes have reinforced the influence of WTP warming on the temperature over CSC,contributing to the more frequent hot midsummers recently. It is estimated that more than 50% of the temperature anomaly over CSC in the 2017 midsummer was due to the WTP warming, and 40% was related to the decadal to long-term changes of the WTP SSTA. | Ruidan CHEN Zhiping WEN Riyu LU Chunzai WANG | 2019 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2019，36，5： | 7 |
| 2 | 导致2018年夏季东北亚极端高温的中高纬环流异常分析(英文)显示文摘2018年东北亚经历了过去40年以来最热的夏季(7–8月),其夏季平均的地表气温异常(1.2°C)几乎达到该地区气温年际标准差的2倍。本文指出此次极端高温与东北亚上空深厚的位势高度正异常有关,在分析时段内(1979–2018年)其强度在2018年最强。回归分析结果表明,北欧和里海的高层环流异常都可以通过激发下游波列对东北亚上空的环流产生重要影响。特别的是,2018年夏季北欧和里海的位势高度均显著增强,且均遭遇了极端高温的侵袭,位势高度正异常和高温异常也在分析时段内达到最强,因而通过波列共同促成了东北亚极端的位势高度正异常和高温。本文研究结果说明,为全面了解东北亚地区的温度变率,对中高纬的两种遥相关型特别是其波源的理解至关重要,值得进一步研究。 | XU Ke LU Riyu MAO Jiangyu CHEN Ruidan | 2019 | Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters2019，12，4： | 6 |
| 3 | The EGFR-P38 MAPK axis up-regulates PD-L1 through miR-675-5p and down-regulates HLA-ABC via hexokinase-2 in hepatocellular carcinoma cells显示文摘Background:Immunotherapy has been shown to be a promising strategy against human cancers.A better understanding of the immune regulation in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)could help the development of immunotherapy against HCC.The epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)signaling is frequently activated in HCC and plays important roles in tumorigenesis.However,its role in HCC immunity is still largely unknown.This study aimed to investigate the impact of EGFR signaling on programmed death-ligand 1(PD-L1)and human leukocyte antigen class-I(HLA-I)expression in HCC cells and its underlying mechanisms.Methods:The expression of phosphorylated EGFR(p-EGFR),PD-L1,and HLAI(HLA-ABC)in HCC specimens was detected by immunohistochemistry,and their correlations were analyzed.PD-L1 and HLA-ABC expression in EGFRactivated HCC cells were detected by quantitative real-time PCR,Western blotting,and flow cytometry,and T cell-mediated lysis was performed to test the immunosuppressive effects of PD-L1 and HLA-ABC alterations in HCC cells.Furthermore,the underlying mechanisms of EGFR activation-induced PD-L1 up-regulation and HLA-ABC down-regulation were explored by animal experiments,luciferase reporter assay,and gene gain-and loss-of-function studies.Results:p-EGFR was positively correlated with PD-L1 and negatively correlated with HLA-ABC expression in HCCs.EGFR activation by its ligand EGF up-regulated PD-L1 and down-regulated HLA-ABC in HCC cells,which was functionally important and could be abolished by the EGFR inhibitor,gefitinib,both in vitro and in vivo.Mechanistically,enhanced P38 mitogenactivated protein kinase(MAPK)activation down-regulated microRNA-675-5p(miR-675-5p)and up-regulated glycolysis-related enzyme hexokinase 2(HK2);miR-675-5p down-regulation enhanced the stability of PD-L1 mRNA probably via the 3’-untranslated region(3’-UTR)of PD-L1 and thereby caused PD-L1 accumulation,and HK2 up-regulation enhanced aerobic glycolysis and mediated a decrease in HLA-ABC.Conclusions:The EGFR-P38 MAPK axis could up-regulate PD-L1 through miR-675-5p and down-regulate HLA-ABC via HK2 in HCC cells.Our study reveals a novel signaling network that may cause immune suppression in HCC and suggests that EGFR signaling can be targeted for HCC immunotherapy. | Zongcai Liu Fen Ning Yanna Cai Huiying Sheng Ruidan Zheng Xi Yin Zhikun Lu Ling Su Xiaodan Chen Chunhua Zeng Haifang Wang Li Liu | 2021 | Cancer Communications2021，41，1： | 5 |
| 4 | Heat waves in summer 2022 and increasing concern regarding heat waves in general显示文摘The year 2022 featured an unprecedented hot summer that has attracted worldwide attention.Abnormal warming spread over most of the Eurasian continent and North America(Fig.1),with Europe and China especially suffering from extraordinarily long-lasting extreme heat events.In addition,severe droughts,which are a common accompaniment to heat waves,attacked Europe and the Yangtze River basin in China.Droughts in Sichuan Province,which is in the upstream region of the Yangtze River basin and is proud of its water resources and hydro power,led to power shortages and adverse effects on the lives and productivity of local people.Extremely high temperatures and severe drought induced massive wildfires in Europe,North America,and Asia,including Chongqing(Fig.2),a neighboring municipality of Sichuan Province. | Riyu Lu Ke Xu Ruidan Chen Wei Chen Fang Li Chenyu Lv | 2023 | Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters2023，16，1： | 2 |
| 5 | Effects of Tropical Cyclone Activity on the Boundary Moisture Budget over the Eastern China Monsoon Region显示文摘In summer, water vapor over the eastern China monsoon region(ECMR) comes mainly from low latitudes and is modulated by tropical cyclone(TC) activity in East Asia(EA). This study examines the variability of water vapor transport over the ECMR, especially of the moisture inflow via the southern and eastern boundaries. The results of composite and correlation analyses, using data from 1979 to 2010, reveal significant differences in moisture budgets along the boundaries between TC days and non-TC days. Almost 80% of the water vapor transport via the eastern boundary occurs during TC days, while at the southern boundary most inflow occurs on non-TC days. The ratio of the total water vapor transport between TC and non-TC days is about 4:6. In addition, the El Nio–Southern Oscillation(ENSO) exhibits a remarkable influence on moisture transport over EA and the contributions of moisture inflow on TC days increase(reduce) in El Nio(La Nia) years. Moreover,different types of TCs, based on their tracks, have different effects on the moisture budgets along the southern and eastern boundaries. When TCs enter EA(but not the ECMR), they favor the moisture inflow via the eastern boundary and hinder the moisture inflow via the southern boundary. After TCs enter the ECMR, the inhibition of moisture inflow via the southern boundary will be weakened, and more water vapor can be brought into the ECMR. For some recurving TCs with an increase in TC activity in the midlatitudes, the influence is uncertain in different cases. The results herein suggest that TC activity is an important factor that influences the boundary moisture budgets in the ECMR. | Xiaobin LIN Zhiping WEN Wen ZHOU Renguang WU Ruidan CHEN | 2017 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2017，34，6： | 0 |
| 6 | Metabolic profile analysis based on GC-TOF/MS and HPLC reveals the negative correlation between catechins and fatty acids in the cottonseed of Gossypium hirsutum显示文摘Background: The diversified and high value-added utilization of cotton by products can promote the sustainable development of modern agriculture. Di erences in potential nutrients among varieties can be explained by variations in the composition and abundance of fatty acids, polyphenols, carbohydrates, amino acids, and organic acids. Therefore, the analysis of metabolite species and relationships in cottonseed is meaningful for the development of cotton byproducts.Results: In this study, the metabolomes of three representative cotton cultivars of di erent species were compared using untargeted GC-TOF/MS analysis. A total of 263 metabolites were identified from 705 peaks, and their levels were compared across cultivars. Principal component analysis and OPLS-DA clearly distinguish these samples based on metabolites. There were significant di erences in the contents of amino acids, carbohydrates, organic acids, flavonoids, and lipids in G. hirsutum TM-1 compared with G. arboreum Shixiya1 and G. barbadense Hai7124. Notably, the bioactive nutrient compound catechin obtained from the di erential metabolites significantly accumulated in TM-1. Furthermore, a comprehensive analysis using catechin and oil-related traits was conducted in core collections of Gossypium hirsutum. The results revealed the reliability of the GC-TOF/MS analysis, as well as that catechin content has a negative association with myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidic acid, and total fatty acids.Conclusion: These findings suggest that untargeted GC-TOF/MS analysis could provide a new method for investigating the underlying plant biochemistry of nutrient variation in cottonseed, and that catechin content has a negative association with oil-related traits in cottonseed. This study may pave the way to exploit the value of cotton byproducts. | MA Lei CHEN Yabing XU Shuangjiao DONG Ruidan WANG Yiwen FANG Dan PENG Jun TIAN Xinquan | 2022 | Journal of Cotton Research2022，5，2： | 0 |
| 7 | 1990年代初东北8月极端高温频次的年代际减少显示文摘东北夏季极端高温频次在1990年代中期出现年代际增多.本文指出该年代际增多只出现在6-7月,而8月则呈现特殊性,即在1990年代初出现年代际减少.进一步分析表明,东北8月极端高温频次的年代际减少由日最高温度变率的年代际减小造成.东北日最高温度受到欧亚遥相关,丝绸之路遥相关和东亚-太平洋遥相关的共同调制.1990年代初之后,西风急流上的经向风变率显著减小,丝绸之路遥相关对下游的影响减弱,导致东北日最高温度变率减小.同时,西北太平洋热带对流的变率也在1990年代初出现年代际减小,通过东亚-太平洋遥相关使东北日最高温度变率进一步减小. | Wenjun Liu Ruidan Chen Zhiping Wen | 2021 | Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters2021，14，1： | 0 |
| 8 | Influences of tropical circulation and sea surface temperature anomalies on extreme heat over Northeast Asia in the midsummer of 2018显示文摘2018年盛夏东北亚地区遭受了严重的高温热浪袭击。同时,西北太平洋地区出现了研究时段内最强的气旋环流异常,热带海温的异常信号在热带太平洋和北印度洋均很弱,而热带东南印度洋呈现明显的冷异常。针对2018年盛夏的独特现象,本文研究了热带东南印度洋和热带大气环流对东北亚高温的影响。结果表明,热带东南印度洋冷海温激发异常的越赤道气流和局地经圈环流,有利于西北太平洋出现气旋异常。进一步,西北太平洋气旋异常通过局地经圈环流在东北亚地区造成异常下沉和反气旋,从而有利于东北亚高温发生。 | CHEN Ruidan WEN Zhiping LU Riyu | 2019 | Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters2019，12，4： | 0 |
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