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| 1 | Design of a new dynamical core for global atmospheric models based on some efficient numerical methods显示文摘A careful study on the integral properties of the primitive hydrostatic balance equations for baroclinic atmosphere is carried out, and a new scheme todesign the global adiabatic model of atmospheric dynamics ispresented. This scheme includes a method of weighted equal-areamesh and a fully discrete finite difference method with quadraticand linear conservations for solving the primitive equationsystem. Using this scheme, we established a new dynamical corewith adjustable high resolution acceptable to the availablecomputer capability, which can be very stable without anyfiltering and smoothing. Especially, some important integralproperties are kept unchanged, such as the anti-symmetries of thehorizontal advection operators and the vertical convectionoperator, the mass conservation, the effective energy conservationunder the standard stratification approximation, and so on. Somenumerical tests on the new dynamical core, respectively regardingits global conservations and its integrated performances inclimatic modeling, incorporated with the physical packagesfrom the Community Atmospheric Model Version 2 (CAM2) of NationalCenter for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), are included. | WANG Bin, WAN Hui, Jl Zhongzhen, ZHANG Xin, YU Rucong, YU Yongqiang & LIU HongtaoState Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, China Department of Computational Mathematics, Academy of Mathematics and System Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China | 2004 | Science China Mathematics2004，47，z1： | 92 |
| 2 | Diurnal variations of summer precipitation in Beijing显示文摘Climatic characteristics and secular trends of diurnal variations of summer precipitation in Beijing are studied using hourly self-recording rain-gauge data during 1961―2004. The results show that both rainfall amount and rainfall frequency present high values from late afternoon to early morning and reach the minima around noon. Two separate peaks can be identified in the high value period, one in the late afternoon and the other in the early morning. Taking the rainfall duration into account, it is found that the rainfall during late afternoon to midnight mainly comes from the short-duration rainfall events (an event of 1―6 hours in duration), while the rainfall during midnight to early morning is ac-cumulated mostly by the long-duration rainfall events (an event that lasts longer than 6 hours). In the recent 40 years, the summer precipitation in Beijing has been considerably restructured. The total rainfall amount of short-duration events has increased significantly, while the total rainfall amount of long-duration events has decreased. | LI Jian YU RuCong WANG JianJie | 2008 | Chinese Science Bulletin2008，53，12： | 24 |
| 3 | Recent Progress in Numerical Atmospheric Modeling in China显示文摘This review summarizes the scientific and technical progress in atmospheric modeling in China since 2011,including the dynamical core,model physics,data assimilation,ensemble forecasting,and model evaluation strategies.In terms of the dynamical core,important efforts have been made in the improvement of the existing model formulations and in exploring new modeling approaches that can better adapt to massively parallel computers and global multiscale modeling.With regard to model physics,various achievements in physical representations have been made,especially a trend toward scale-aware parameterization for accommodating the increase of model resolution.In the field of data assimilation,a 4D-Var system has been developed and is operationally used by the National Meteorological Center of China,and its performance is promising.Furthermore,ensemble forecasting has played a more important role in operational forecast systems and progressed in many fundamental techniques.Model evaluation strategies,including key performance metrics and standardized experimental protocols,have been proposed and widely applied to better understand the strengths and weaknesses of the systems,offering key routes for model improvement.The paper concludes with a concise summary of the status quo and a brief outlook in terms of future development. | Rucong YU Yi ZHANG Jianjie WANG Jian LI Haoming CHEN Jiandong GONG Jing CHEN | 2019 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2019，36，9： | 10 |
| 4 | The asymmetry of rainfall process显示文摘Using hourly station rain gauge data in the warm season (May-October) during 1961-2006, the climatological features of the evolution of the rainfall process are analyzed by compositing rainfall events centered on the maximum hourly rainfall amount of each event. The results reveal that the rainfall process is asymmetric, which means rainfall events usually reach the maximum in a short period and then experience a relatively longer retreat to the end of the event. The effects of rainfall intensity, duration and peak time, as well as topography, are also considered. It is found that the asymmetry is more obvious in rainfall events with strong intensity and over areas with complex terrain, such as the eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau, the Hengduan Mountains, and the Yungui Plateau. The asymmetry in short-duration rainfall is more obvious than that in long-duration rainfall, but the regional differences are weaker. The rainfall events that reach the maximum during 14:00-02:00 LST exhibit the strongest asymmetry and those during 08:00-14:00 LST show the weakest asymmetry. The rainfall intensity at the peak time stands out, which means that the rainfall intensity increases and decreases quickly both before and after the peak. These results can improve understanding of the rainfall process and provide metrics for the evaluation of climate models. Moreover, the strong asymmetry of the rainfall process should be highly noted when taking measures to defending against geological hazards, such as collapses, landslides and debris flows throughout southwestern China. | YU RuCong YUAN WeiHua LI Jian | 2013 | Chinese Science Bulletin2013，58，16： | 7 |
| 5 | Preface显示文摘The Climate System Model Development and Application Studies (CSMDA for short) is an International Partnership Program for Creative Research Teams that was started in October 2004 and is supported by | YU Rucong WU Guoxiong | 2008 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2008，25，4： | 7 |
| 6 | Using a mesoscale ensemble to predict forecast error and perform targeted observation显示文摘Using NCEP short range ensemble forecast(SREF)system,demonstrated two fundamental on-going evolutions in numerical weather prediction(NWP)are through ensemble methodology.One evolution is the shift from traditional single-value deterministic forecast to flow-dependent(not statistical)probabilistic forecast to address forecast uncertainty.Another is from a one-way observation-prediction system shifting to an interactive two-way observation-prediction system to increase predictability of a weather system.In the first part,how ensemble spread from NCEP SREF predicting ensemble-mean forecast error was evaluated over a period of about a month.The result shows that the current capability of predicting forecast error by the 21-member NCEP SREF has reached to a similar or even higher level than that of current state-of-the-art NWP models in predicting precipitation,e.g.,the spatial correlation between ensemble spread and absolute forecast error has reached 0.5 or higher at 87 h(3.5 d)lead time on average for some meteorological variables.This demonstrates that the current operational ensemble system has already had preliminary capability of predicting the forecast error with usable skill,which is a remarkable achievement as of today.Given the good spread-skill relation,the probability derived from the ensemble was also statistically reliable,which is the most important feature a useful probabilistic forecast should have.The second part of this research tested an ensemble-based interactive targeting(E-BIT)method.Unlike other mathematically-calculated objective approaches,this method is subjective or human interactive based on information from an ensemble of forecasts.A numerical simulation study was performed to eight real atmospheric cases with a 10-member,bred vector-based mesoscale ensemble using the NCEP regional spectral model(RSM,a sub-component of NCEP SREF)to prove the concept of this E-BIT method.The method seems to work most effective for basic atmospheric state variables,moderately effective for convective instabilities and least effective for precipitations.Precipitation is a complex result of many factors and,therefore,a more challenging field to be improved by targeted observation. | DU Jun LI Jun YU Rucong CUI Chunguang | 2014 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2014，33，1： | 7 |
| 7 | Changes in the Diurnal Cycles of Precipitation over Eastern China in the Past 40 Years显示文摘这研究分析了 interdecadal 变化在日报夏天(JuneAugust ) 的可变性在东方中国上的降水在时期期间 19662005 时时使用车站雨计量器数据。结果揭示了那降雨日报变化经历了重要 interdecadal 变化。在到在 Yangtze 和黄河之间的长江,以及区域的南方的区域上,到全部的降雨的早上降雨(00001200 LST ) 的百分比以数量,频率和紧张,所有展出增加的 interdecadal 趋势。在诺思中国上,相反减少趋势被发现。作为结果,日报也介绍的降雨山峰读了 interdecadal 变化。在在 Yangtze 和黄河之间的区域上,从有下午(12000000 LST ) 的 46 个车站有 16 频率在学习的 40 年的时期的开始的 20 年里达到顶点,当仅仅八留在后者时 20 年。在诺思中国,七个车站经历了相反的变化,它占了车站的大约 21% 全部的数字。为 interdecadal 变化在的可能的原因日报特征被讨论。作为在活跃季风的降雨,时期介绍早上日报山峰与在裂缝时期的下午山峰,在在诺思中国(在 Yangtze 和黄河之间的长江和区域的区域南方)上的活跃季风时期的降雨的减少(增加)可以贡献 interdecadal 变化在日报降雨可变性。 | YUAN Weihua YU Rucong LI Jian | 2013 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2013，30，2： | 6 |
| 8 | Impact of Cloud Microphysical Processes on the Simulation of Typhoon Rananim near Shore. Part I: Cloud Structure and Precipitation Features显示文摘By using the Advanced Regional Eta-coordinate Model (AREM), the basic structure and cloud features of Typhoon Rananim are simulated and verified against observations. Five sets of experiments are designed to investigate the effects of the cloud microphysical processes on the model cloud structure and precipitation features. The importance of the ice-phase microphysics, the cooling effect related to microphysical characteristics change, and the influence of terminal velocity of graupel are examined. The results indicate that the cloud microphysical processes impact more on the cloud development and precipitation features of the typhoon than on its intensity and track. Big differences in the distribution pattern and content of hydro-meteors, and types and amount of rainfall occur in the five experiments, resulting in different heating and cooling effects. The largest difference of 24-h rain rate reaches 52.5 mm h-1 . The results are summarized as follows: 1) when the cooling effect due to the evaporation of rain water is excluded, updrafts in the typhoon's inner core are the strongest with the maximum vertical velocity of -19 Pa s-1 and rain water and graupel grow most dominantly with their mixing ratios increased by 1.8 and 2.5 g kg-1, respectively, compared with the control experiment; 2) the melting of snow and graupel affects the growth of rain water mainly in the spiral rainbands, but much less significantly in the eyewall area; 3) the warm cloud microphysical process produces the smallest rainfall area and the largest percentage of convective precipitation (63.19%), while the largest rainfall area and the smallest percentage of convective precipitation (48.85%) are generated when the terminal velocity of graupel is weakened by half. | CHENG Rui YU Rucong FU Yunfei XU Youping | 2011 | Acta meteorologica Sinica2011，25，4： | 6 |
| 9 | Diurnal Variations of Summer Precipitation over the Qilian Mountains in Northwest China显示文摘Based on the high-density hourly rain-gauge data from 265 stations over the Qilian Mountains in Northwest China,climatic mean diurnal variations of summer rainfall over different topographies of this area are investigated. Influences of the gauge elevations on the diurnal variation of rainfall are also revealed. Distinct regional features of diurnal variations in rainfall are observed over the Qilian Mountains. Rainfall over the Qinghai Lake areas shows a single nocturnal peak. A dominant, late-afternoon peak of rainfall occurs over the mountain tops. Over the northeastern and southeastern slopes, a dominant diurnal peak appears in the late afternoon, and an evident second peak is found in the early morning, respectively. The strengths of the early-morning peaks in the rainfall frequency are closely related to the rainfall events with different durations over the two slopes. The early-morning peak is dominant across plains with low elevations. From the mountain tops to the plains, the diurnal peaks of rainfall gradually vary from the dominant late-afternoon peak to the dominant early-morning peak with the enhanced early-morning peak in concurrent with the decreasing gauge elevation over the northeastern and southeastern slopes. Further examination indicates that the rainfall at higher elevations over the northeastern and southeastern slopes occurs more readily in the afternoon,compared to the lower elevations. This phenomenon corresponds to the result that the proportion of the rainfall frequency occurring during the early-morning period decreases with increasing elevations over the two slopes. | Liangliang LI Jian LI Haoming CHEN Rucong YU | 2019 | Journal of Meteorological Research2019，33，1： | 3 |
| 10 | Numerical simulation of the sensitivity of the Pacific subtropical-tropical meridional cell to global warming显示文摘到全球温暖的和平的副热带热带的南方的房间的敏感被使用联合模型在 LASG/IAP 开发了的一口全球海洋空气检验。结果显示与增加大气的二氧化碳联系了那,全球温暖的最突出的信号在中间、低的 latitutes 的高纬度,和变化定位,特别地表面风,是相对弱的,它导致和平的副热带热带的南方的房间的弱回答。在加倍的大气的二氧化碳的时候,南方的房间力量的变化比自然可变性的振幅小。 | ZHOU Tianjun YU Yongqiang LIU Hailong LI Wei YU Rucong | 2006 | Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2006，16，5： | 3 |
| 11 | Impact of Cloud Microphysical Processes on the Simulation of Typhoon Rananim near Shore. Part II: Typhoon Intensity and Track显示文摘The impact of cloud microphysical processes on the simulated intensity and track of Typhoon Rananim is discussed and analyzed in the second part of this study. The results indicate that when the cooling effect due to evaporation of rain water is excluded, the simulated 36-h maximum surface wind speed of Typhoon Rananim is about 7 m s-1 greater than that from all other experiments; however, the typhoon landfall location has the biggest bias of about 150 km against the control experiment. The simulated strong outer rainbands and the vertical shear of the environmental flow are unfavorable for the deepening and maintenance of the typhoon and result in its intensity loss near the landfall. It is the cloud microphysical processes that strengthen and create the outer spiral rainbands, which then increase the local convergence away from the typhoon center and prevent more moisture and energy transport to the inner core of the typhoon. The developed outer rainbands are supposed to bring dry and cold air mass from the middle troposphere to the planetary boundary layer (PBL). The other branch of the cold airflow comes from the evaporation of rain water itself in the PBL while the droplets are falling. Thus, the cut-off of the warm and moist air to the inner core and the invasion of cold and dry air to the eyewall region are expected to bring about the intensity reduction of the modeled typhoon. Therefore, the deepening and maintenance of Typhoon Rananim during its landing are better simulated through the reduction of these two kinds of model errors. | CHENG Rui YU Rucong XU Youping FU Yunfei | 2011 | Acta meteorologica Sinica2011，25，4： | 3 |
| 12 | Seasonal Variation of the Diurnal Cycle of Rainfall in Southern Contiguous China显示文摘 | Li Jian Yu Rucong Zhou Tianjun | 2008 | Journal of Climate2008，，22： | 2 |
| 13 | Why the Western Pacific Subtropical High Has Extended Westward since the Late 1970s显示文摘 | Zhou Tianjun Yu Rucong Zhang Jie Drange Helge Cassou Christophe Deser Clara Hodson Daniel L R Sanchez-Gomez Emilia Li Jian Keenlyside Noel Xin Xiaoge Okumura Yuko | 2009 | Journal of Climate2009，，8： | 2 |
| 14 | Twentieth century surface air temperature over China and the globe simulated by coupled climate models 显示文摘 | Zhou Tianjun Yu Rucong | 2006 | Journal of Climate2006，19，22： | 1 |
| 15 | Diurnal variationsof summer precipitation over contiguous China显示文摘 | Yu Rucong Zhou Tianjun Xiong Anyuan | 2007 | Geophysical Re- search Letters2007，34，01： | 1 |
| 16 | Relation between rainfall duration and diurnal variation in the warm season precipi- tation over central eastern China显示文摘 | Yu Rucong Xu Youping Zhou Tianjun | 2007 | Geophysical Research Letters2007，34，： | 1 |
| 17 | Twentieth-century surface air tem- perature over China and the globe simulated by coupled climate models显示文摘 | Zhou Tianjun Yu Rucong | 2006 | J Climate2006，19，： | 1 |
| 18 | Summer precipi- tation frequency, intensity, and diurnal cycle over China:A com- parison of satellite data with rain gauge observations显示文摘 | Zhou Tianjun Yu Rucong Chen Haoming | 2008 | Journal of Climate2008，21，16： | 1 |
| 19 | Seasonal variation of the diur- nal cycle of rainfall in southern contiguous China 显示文摘 | Li Jian Yu Rucong Zhou Tianjun | 2008 | Journal of Climate2008，21，： | 1 |
| 20 | Teleconnection between NAO and climate downstream of the Tibetan Plateau显示文摘 | Li Jian Yu Rucong Zhou Tianjun | 2008 | J Climate2008，21，： | 1 |
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