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| 1 | Co-incorporation of rice straw and leguminous green manure can increase soil available nitrogen(N)and reduce carbon and N losses:An incubation study显示文摘Returning rice straw and leguminous green manure alone or in combination to soil is effective in improving soil fertility in South China.Despite the popularity of this practice,our understanding o f the underlying processes for straw and manure combined application is relatively poor.In this study,rice straw(carbon(C)/nitrogen(N)ratio of 63),green manure(hairy vetch,C/N ratio of 14),and their mixtures(C/N ratio of 25 and 35)were added into a paddy soil,and their effects on soil N availability and C or N loss under waterlogged conditions were evaluated in a 100-d incubation experiment.All plant residue treatments significantly enhanced C〇2 and CH4 emissions,but decreased N2O emission.Dissolved organic C(DOC)and N(DON)and microbial biomass C in soil and water-soluble organic C and N and mineral N in the upper aqueous layer above soil were also enhanced by all the plant residue treatments except the rice straw treatment,and soil microbial biomass N and mineral N were lower in the rice straw treatment than in the other treatments.Changes in plant residue C/N ratio,DOC/DON ratio,and cellulose content significantly affected greenhouse gas emissions and active C and N concentrations in soil.Additionally,the treatment with green manure alone yielded the largest C and N losses,and incorporation of the plant residue mixture with a C/N ratio of 35 caused the largest net global warming potential(nGWP)among the amended treatments.In conclusion,the co-incorporation of rice straw and green manure can alleviate the limitation resulting from only applying rice straw(N immobilization)or the sole application of leguminous green manure(high C and N losses),and the residue mixture with a C/N ratio of 25 is a better option because of lower nGWP. | Guopeng ZHOU Weidong CAO Jinshun BAI Changxu XU Naohua ZENG Songjuan GAO Robert M.REES Fugen DOU | 2020 | Pedosphere2020，30，5： | 10 |
| 2 | Bacterial communities in paddy soils changed by milk vetch as green manure: A study conducted across six provinces in South China显示文摘The use of green manures contributes to sustainable soil and nutrient management in agriculture;however, the responses of soil microbial communities to different fertilization regimes at the regional scale are uncertain. A study was undertaken across multiple sites and years in Hunan, Jiangxi, Anhui, Henan,Hubei, and Fujian provinces of South China to investigate the effects of green manuring on the structure and function of soil bacterial communities in rice-green manure cropping systems. The study included four treatments: winter fallow with no chemical fertilizer as a control(NF), milk vetch as green manure without chemical fertilizer(GM), winter fallow and chemical fertilizer(CF), and a combination of chemical fertilizer and milk vetch(GMCF).Significant differences were found in the responses of soil microbial communities at different sites, with sampling sites explaining 72.33%(F = 36.59,P = 0.001) of the community composition variation. The bacterial communities in the soils from Anhui, Henan, and Hubei were broadly similar, while those from Hunan were distinctly different from other locations. The analysis of Weighted UniFrac distances showed that milk vetch changed soil microbial communities compared with winter fallow. Proteobacteria and Chloroflexi predominated in these paddy soils;however, the application of green manures increased the relative abundance of Actinobacteria. There was evidence showing that the functional microbes which play important roles in the cycling of soil carbon, nitrogen(N), and sulfur(S) changed after several years of milk vetch utilization(linear discriminant analysis score > 2). The abundance of methane-oxidizing bacteria and S-reducing bacteria increased, and microbes involved in N fixation, nitrification, and denitrification also increased in some provinces. We concluded that the application of milk vetch changed the bacterial community structure and affected the functional groups related to nutrient transformation in soils at a regional scale. | Songjuan GAO Weidong CAO Guopeng ZHOU Robert M.REES | 2021 | Pedosphere2021，31，4： | 5 |
| 3 | Mitigating nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural soils by precision management显示文摘Nitrous oxide(N2O)emissions make up a significant part of agricultural greenhouse gas emissions.There is an urgent need to identify new approaches to the mitigation of these emissions with emerging technology.In this short review four approaches to precision managements of agricultural systems are described based on examples of work being undertaken in the UK and New Zealand.They offer the opportunity for N2 O mitigation without any reduction in productivity.These approaches depend upon new sensor technology,modeling and spatial information with which to make management decisions and interventions that can both improve agricultural productivity and environmental protection. | Robert M.REES Juliette MAIRE Anna FLORENCE Nicholas COWAN Ute SKIBA Tony van der WEERDEN Xiaotang JU | 2020 | Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering2020，7，1： | 2 |
| 4 | GREENHOUSE GAS AND AMMONIA EMISSION MITIGATION PRIORITIES FOR UK POLICY TARGETS显示文摘Agriculture is essential for providing food and maintaining food security while concurrently delivering multiple other ecosystem services. However,agricultural systems are generally a net source of greenhouse gases and ammonia. They, therefore, need to substantively contribute to climate change mitigation and net zero ambitions. It is widely acknowledged that there is a need to further reduce and mitigate emissions across sectors, including agriculture to address the climate emergency and emissions gap. This discussion paper outlines a collation of opinions from a range of experts within agricultural research and advisory roles following a greenhouse gas and ammonia emission mitigation workshop held in the UK in March 2022. The meeting identified the top mitigation priorities within the UK's agricultural sector to achieve reductions in greenhouse gases and ammonia that are compatible with policy targets. In addition, experts provided an overview of what they believe are the key knowledge gaps, future opportunities and cobenefits to mitigation practices as well as indicating the potential barriers to uptake for mitigation scenarios discussed. | Sarah BUCKINGHAM Cairistiona F.E.TOPP Pete SMITH Vera EORY David R.CHADWICK Christina K.BAXTER Joanna M.CLOY Shaun CONNOLLY Emily C.COOLEDGE Nicholas J.COWAN Julia DREWER Colm DUFFY Naomi JFOX Asma JEBARI Becky JENKINS Dominika J.KROL Karina A.MARSDEN Graham A.MCAULIFFE Steven J.MORRISON Vincent O'FLAHERTY Rachael RAMSEY Karl G.RICHARDS Rainer ROEHE Jo SMITH Kate SMITH Taro TAKAHASHI Rachel E.THORMAN John WILLIAMS Jeremy WILTSHIRE Robert M.REES | 2023 | Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering2023，10，2： | 0 |
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