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| 1 | Neglected tropical diseases in the People’s Republic of China: progress towards elimination显示文摘Since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949,considerable progress has been made in the control and elimination of the country's initial set of 11 neglected tropical diseases.Indeed,elimination as a public health problem has been declared for lymphatic filariasis in 2007 and for trachoma in 2015.The remaining numbers of people affected by soil-transmitted helminth infection,clonorchiasis,taeniasis,and echinococcosis in 2015 were 29.1 million,6.0 million,366200,and 166100,respectively.In 2017,after more than 60 years of uninterrupted,multifaceted schistosomiasis control,has seen the number of cases dwindling from more than 10 million to 37600.Meanwhile,about 6000 dengue cases are reported,while the incidence of leishmaniasis,leprosy,and rabies are down at 600 or fewer per year.Sustained social and economic development,going hand-in-hand with improvement of water,sanitation,and hygiene provide the foundation for continued progress,while rigorous surveillance and specific public health responses will consolidate achievements and shape the elimination agenda.Targets for poverty elimination and strategic plans and intervention packages post-2020 are important opportunities for further control and elimination,when remaining challenges call for sustainable efforts. | Men-Bao Qian Jin Chen Robert Bergquist Zhong-Jie Li Shi-Zhu Li Ning Xiao Jurg Utzinger Xiao-Nong Zhou | 2019 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2019，8，5： | 23 |
| 2 | Surveillance-based evidence:elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem in the Peoples’Republic of China显示文摘Background:A steady progress on schistosomiasis control in the Peoples’Republic of China(P.R.China)was achieved and broadened into the twelve-year medium and long term national plan(MLNP)which marled the implementation of an integrated control strategy across all endemic areas in P.R.China in 2004.To understand the endemic trends of schistosomiasis to assess the effectiveness of an integrated strategy,we conducted an analysis of schistosomiasis surveillance data spanned from 2005 to 2015.Methods:The schistosomiasis sentinel surveillance data from sentinel sites were collected and analyzed from 2005 to 2015.In these sentinel sites,residents aged 6 years or above were screened annually by indirect hemagglutination assay(IHA),while only antibody positives were followed by stool examination either Kato-katz method(KK)and/or hatching technique(HT).Domestic animals raised in sentinel sites were examined by HT for confirming the infection of schistosomes.Snail investigation was conducted each year through systematic sampling method combined with environmental sampling method.The snails collected from field were tested by microscopic dissection method.The infection rates of schistosomes in residents,domestic animals and snails,as well as the indicators reflecting the snails’distribution were calculated and analyzed.ANOVA analysis was used to examine the changes of the number of eggs per gram feces in population and Chi-square test was used to examine any change in proportions among groups.Results:A total of 148902 residents from sentinel sites attended this study and 631676 blood samples were examined by IHA test during the 11 covered years.The annual average antibody positive rates presented a significant decrease trends,from 17.48%(95%CI:17.20–17.75%)in 2005 to 5.93%(95%CI:5.71–6.15%)(χ2=8890.47,P<0.001)in 2015.During 2005–2015,the average infection rate of schistosomes in residents declined from 2.07%(95%CI:1.96–2.17%)to 0.13%(95%CI:0.09–0.16%),accompanied by significant decrease of infection intensity in population.In 2015,the stool positives were only found in farmers,fishermen and boatmen with infection rate of 0.16%(95%CI:0.11–0.20%),0.17%(95%CI:0–0.50%)respectively.The infection rate of schistosomes in domestic animals dropped from 9.42%(538/5711,95%CI:8.66–10.18%)to 0.08%(2/2360,95%CI:0–0.20%)from 2005 to 2015.Infections were found in eight species of domestic animals at the beginning of surveillance while only two cattle were infected in 2015.Totally 98 ha of new snail habitats were found,while 94.90%(93/98)distributed in lake and marshland regions.The percentage of frames with snails decreased from 16.96%(56884/335391,95%CI:16.83–17.09%)in 2005 to 4.28%(18121/423755,95%CI:4.22–4.34%)in 2014,with a slightly increase in 2015.Meanwhile,the infection rate of schistosomes in snails was decreased from 0.26%(663/256531,95%CI:0.24–0.28%)to zero during 2005–2015.Conclusions:The infection rate of schistosomes declined significantly,providing evidence that the goal of the MLNP was achieved.Elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem defined as WHO was also reached in P.R.China nationwide.Surveillance-response system should be improved and strengthened to realize the final goal of schistosomiasis elimination. | Jing Xu Shi-Zhu Li Li-Juan Zhang Robert Bergquist Hui Dang Qiang Wang Shan Lv Tian-Ping Wang Dan-Dan Lin Jian-Bing Liu Guang-Hui Ren Kun Yang Yang Liu Yi Dong Shi-Qing Zhang Xiao-Nong Zhou | 2020 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2020，9，3： | 20 |
| 3 | Surveillance-response systems: the key to elimination of tropical diseases显示文摘Tropical diseases remain a major cause of morbidity and mortality in developing countries.Although combined health efforts brought about significant improvements over the past 20 years,communities in resource-constrained settings lack the means of strengthening their environment in directions that would provide less favourable conditions for pathogens.Still,the impact of infectious diseases is declining worldwide along with progress made regarding responses to basic health problems and improving health services delivery to the most vulnerable populations.The London Declaration on Neglected Tropical Diseases(NTDs),initiated by the World Health Organization’s NTD roadmap,set out the path towards control and eventual elimination of several tropical diseases by 2020,providing an impetus for local and regional disease elimination programmes.Tropical diseases are often patchy and erratic,and there are differing priorities in resources-limited and endemic countries at various levels of their public health systems.In order to identify and prioritize strategic research on elimination of tropical diseases,the‘First Forum on Surveillance-Response System Leading to Tropical Diseases Elimination’was convened in Shanghai in June 2012.Current strategies and the NTD roadmap were reviewed,followed by discussions on how to identify and critically examine prevailing challenges and opportunities,including inter-sectoral collaboration and approaches for elimination of several infectious,tropical diseases.A priority research agenda within a‘One Health-One World’frame of global health was developed,including(i)the establishment of a platform for resource-sharing and effective surveillance-response systems for Asia Pacific and Africa with an initial focus on elimination of lymphatic filariasis,malaria and schistosomiasis;(ii)development of new strategies,tools and approaches,such as improved diagnostics and antimalarial therapies;(iii)rigorous validation of surveillance-response systems;and(iv)designing pilot studies to transfer Chinese experiences of successful surveillance-response systems to endemic countries with limited resources. | Ernest Tambo Lin Ai Xia Zhou Jun-Hu Chen Wei Hu Robert Bergquist Jia-Gang Guo Jürg Utzinger Marcel Tanner Xiao-Nong Zhou | 2014 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2014，3，1： | 14 |
| 4 | Surveillance and response systems for elimination of tropical diseases: summary of a thematic series in Infectious Diseases of Poverty显示文摘The peer-reviewed journal Infectious Diseases of Poverty provides a new platform to engage with,and disseminate in an open-access format,science outside traditional disciplinary boundaries.The current piece reviews a thematic series on surveillance-response systems for elimination of tropical diseases.Overall,22 contributions covering a broad array of diseases are featured–i.e.clonorchiasis,dengue,hepatitis,human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS),H7N9 avian influenza,lymphatic filariasis,malaria,Middle East respiratory syndrome(MERS),rabies,schistosomiasis and tuberculosis(TB).There are five scoping reviews,a commentary,a letter to the editor,an opinion piece and an editorial pertaining to the theme“Elimination of tropical disease through surveillance and response”.The remaining 13 articles are original contributions mainly covering(i)drug resistance;(ii)innovation and validation in the field of mathematical modelling;(iii)elimination of infectious diseases;and(iv)social media reports on disease outbreak notifications released by national health authorities.Analysis of the authors’affiliations reveals that scientists from the People’s Republic of China(P.R.China)are prominently represented.Possible explanations include the fact that the 2012 and 2014 international conferences pertaining to surveillance-response mechanisms were both hosted by the National Institute of Parasitic Diseases(NIPD)in Shanghai,coupled with P.R.China’s growing importance with regard to the control of infectious diseases.Within 4 to 22 months of publication,three of the 22 contributions were viewed more than 10000 times each.With sustained efforts focusing on relevant and strategic information towards control and elimination of infectious diseases,Infectious Diseases of Poverty has become a leading journal in the field of surveillance and response systems in infectious diseases and beyond. | Xia Zhou Peiling Yap Marcel Tanner Robert Bergquist Jürg Utzinger Xiao-Nong Zhou | 2016 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2016，5，1： | 12 |
| 5 | Controlling schistosomiasis with praziquantel:How much longer without a viable alternative?显示文摘The current approach of morbidity control of schistosomiasis,a helminth disease of poverty with considerable public health and socioeconomic impact,is based on preventive chemotherapy with praziquantel.There is a pressing need for new drugs against this disease whose control entirely depends on this single drug that has been widely used over the past 40 years.We argue that a broader anthelminthic approach supplementing praziquantel with new antischistosomals targeting different parasite development stages would not only increase efficacy but also reduce the risk for drug resistance.Repositioning drugs already approved for other diseases provides a shortcut to clinical trials,as it is expected that such drugs rapidly pass the regulatory authorities.The antischistosomal properties of antimalarial drugs(e.g.,semisynthetic artemisinins,synthetic trioxolanes,trioxaquines and mefloquine)and of drugs being developed or registered for other purposes(e.g.,moxidectin and miltefosin),administered alone or in combination with praziquantel,have been tested in the laboratory and clinical trials.Another avenue to follow is the continued search for new antischistosomal properties in plants.Here,we summarise recent progress made in schistosomiasis chemotherapy,placing particular emphasis on repositioning of existing drugs against schistosomiasis. | Robert Bergquist Jürg Utzinger Jennifer Keiser | 2017 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2017，6，1： | 7 |
| 6 | Space-time clustering and associated risk factors of pulmonary tuberculosis in southwest China显示文摘Background:Pulmonary tuberculosis(PTB,both smear positive and smear negative)is an airborne infectious disease of major public health concern in China and other parts of the world where PTB endemicity is reported.This study aims at identifying PTB spatio-temporal clusters and associated risk factors in Zhaotong prefecture-level city,located in southwest China,where the PTB notification rate was higher than the average rate in the entire country.Methods:Space-time scan statistics were carried out using PTB registered data in the nationwide TB online registration system from 2011 to 2015,to identify spatial clusters.PTB patients diagnosed between October 2015 and February 2016 were selected and a structured questionnaire was administered to collect a set of variables that includes socio-economic status,behavioural characteristics,local environmental and biological characteristics.Based on the discovery of detailed town-level spatio-temporal PTB clusters,we divided selected subjects into two groups including the cases that resides within and outside identified clusters.Then,logistic regression analysis was applied comparing the results of variables between the two groups.Results:A total of 1508 subjects consented and participated in the survey.Clusters for PTB cases were identified in 38 towns distributed over south-western Zhaotong.Logistic regression analysis showed that history of chronic bronchitis(OR=3.683,95%CI:2.180-6.223),living in an urban area(OR=5.876,95%CI:2.381-14.502)and using coal as the main fuel(OR=9.356,95%CI:5.620-15.576)were independently associated with clustering.While,not smoking(OR=0.340,95%CI:0.137-0.843)is the protection factor of spatial clustering.Conclusions:We found PTB specially clustered in south-western Zhaotong.The strong associated factors influencing the PTB spatial cluster including:the history of chronic bronchitis,living in the urban area,smoking and the use of coal as the main fuel for cooking and heating.Therefore,efforts should be made to curtail these associated factors. | Li Huang Eniola Michael Abe Xin-Xu Li Robert Bergquist Lin Xu Jing-Bo Xue Yao Ruan Chun-Li Cao Shi-Zhu Li | 2018 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2018，7，1： | 6 |
| 7 | Control of neglected tropical diseases in Asia Pacific: implications for health information priorities显示文摘Poverty magnifies limitations posed by traditional biases and environmental risks.Any approach towards disease control needs to recognise that socially embedded vulnerabilities can be as powerful as externally imposed infections.Asia Pacific has a specific panorama of infectious diseases,which,in common with other endemic areas,have a tendency to emerge or re-emerge if not carefully monitored.Sustained control aiming at elimination requires strong emphasis on surveillance and response.Well-designed informatics platforms can improve support systems and strengthen control activities,as they rapidly locate high-risk areas and provide detailed,up-to-date information on the performance of ongoing control programmes. | Robert Bergquist Maxine Whittaker | 2012 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2012，1，1： | 6 |
| 8 | Infestation risk of the intermediate snail host of Schistosomajaponicum in the Yangtze River Basin: improved results by spatial reassessment and a random forest approach显示文摘Background:Oncomelania hupensis is only intermediate snail host of Schistosomajaponicum,and distribution of 0.hupensis is an important indicator for the surveillance of schistosomiasis.This study explored the feasibility of a random forest algorithm weighted by spatial distance for risk prediction of schistosomiasis distribution in the Yangtze River Basin in China,with the aim to produce an improved precision reference for the national schistosomiasis control programme by reducing the number of snail survey sites without losing predictive accuracy.Methods:The snail presence and absence records were collected from Anhui,Hunan,Hubei,Jiangxi and Jiangsu provinces in 2018.A machine learning of random forest algorithm based on a set of environmental and climatic variables was developed to predict the breeding sites of the 0.hupensis intermediated snail host of S.japonicum.Different spatial sizes of a hexagonal grid system were compared to estimate the need for required snail sampling sites.The predictive accuracy related to geographic distances between snail sampling sites was estimated by calculating Kappa and the area under the curve(AUC).Results:The highest accuracy(AUC=0.889 and Kappa=0.618)was achieved at the 5 km distance weight.The five factors with the strongest correlation to 0.hupensis infestation probability were:(1)distance to lake(48.9%),(2)distance to river(36.6%),(3)isothermality(29.5%),(4)mean daily difference in temperature(28.1%),and(5)altitude(26.0%).The risk map showed that areas characterized by snail infestation were mainly located along the Yangtze River,with the highest probability in the dividing,slow-flowing river arms in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in Anhui,followed by areas near the shores of China's two main lakes,the Dongting Lake in Hunan and Hubei and the Poyang Lake in Jiangxi.Conelusions:Applying the machine learning of random forest algorithm made it feasible to precisely predict snail infestation probability,an approach that could improve the sensitivity of the Chinese schistosome surveillance.system.Redesign of the snail surveillance system by spatial bias correction of 0.hupensis infestation in the Yangtze River Basin to reduce the number of sites required to investigate from 2369 to 1747. | Jin-Xin Zheng Shang Xia Shan Lv Yi Zhang Robert Bergquist Xiao-Nong Zhou | 2021 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2021，10，3： | 6 |
| 9 | Nobel prize for the artemisinin and ivermectin discoveries: a great boost towards elimination of the global infectious diseases of poverty显示文摘The Millennium Development Goals(MDGs)made a marked transformation for neglected and vulnerable communities in the developing countries from the start,but infectious diseases of poverty(IDoPs)continue to inflict a disproportionate global public health burden with associated consequences,thereby contributing to the vicious cycle of poverty and inequity.However,the effectiveness and large-scale coverage of artemisinin combination therapy(ACT)have revolutionized malaria treatment just as the control of lymphatic filariasis(LF)and onchocerciasis have benefitted from harnessing the broad-spectrum effect of avermectin-based derivatives.The paradigm shift in therapeutic approach,effected by these two drugs and their impact on community-based interventions of parasitic diseases plaguing the endemic low-and middle-income countries(LIMCs),led to the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 2015.However,the story would not be complete without mentioning praziquantel.The huge contribution of this drug in modernizing the control of schistosomiasis and also some intestinal helminth infections had already shifted the focus from control to potential elimination of this disease.Together,these new drugs have provided humankind with powerful new tools for the alleviation of infectious diseases that humans have lived with since time immemorial.These drugs all have broad-spectrum effects,yet they are very safe and can even be packaged together in various combinations.The strong effect on so many of the great infectious scourges in the developing countries has not only had a remarkable influence on many endemic diseases,but also contributed to improving the cost structure of healthcare.Significant benefits include improved quality of preventive and curative medicine,promotion of community-based interventions,universal health coverage and the fostering of global partnerships.The laudable progress and benefits achieved are indispensable in championing,strengthening and moving forward elimination of the IDoPs.However,there is an urgent need for further innovative,contextual and integrated approaches along with the advent of the Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs),replacing the MDGs in ensuring global health security,well-being and economic prosperity for all. | Ernest Tambo Emad IMKhater Jun-Hu Chen Robert Bergquist Xiao-Nong Zhou | 2015 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2015，4，1： | 5 |
| 10 | Comparison of novel and standard diagnostic tools for the detection of Schistosoma mekongi infection in Lao People’s Democratic Republic and Cambodia显示文摘Background:Given the restricted distribution of Schistosoma mekongi in one province in Lao People’s Democratic Republic(Lao PDR)and two provinces in Cambodia,together with progress of the national control programmes aimed at reducing morbidity and infection prevalence,the elimination of schistosomiasis mekongi seems feasible.However,sensitive diagnostic tools will be required to determine whether elimination has been achieved.We compared several standard and novel diagnostic tools in S.mekongi-endemic areas.Methods:The prevalence and infection intensity of S.mekongi were evaluated in 377 study participants from four villages in the endemic areas in Lao PDR and Cambodia using Kato-Katz stool examination,antibody detection based on an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)and schistosome circulating antigen detection by lateral-flow tests.Two highly sensitive test systems for the detection of cathodic and anodic circulating antigens(CCA,CAA)in urine and serum were utilized.Results:Stool microscopy revealed an overall prevalence of S.mekongi of 6.4%(one case in Cambodia and 23 cases in Lao PDR),while that of Opisthorchis viverrini,hookworm,Trichuris trichiura,Ascaris lumbricoides and Taenia spp.were 50.4%,28.1%,3.5%,0.3%and 1.9%,respectively.In the urine samples,the tests for CCA and CAA detected S.mekongi infections in 21.0%and 38.7%of the study participants,respectively.In the serum samples,the CAA assay revealed a prevalence of 32.4%,while a combination of the CAA assay in serum and in urine revealed a prevalence of 43.2%.There was a difference between the two study locations with a higher prevalence reached in the samples from Lao PDR.Conclusions:The CCA,CAA and ELISA results showed substantially higher prevalence estimates for S.mekongi compared to Kato-Katz thick smears.Active schistosomiasis mekongi in Lao PDR and Cambodia might thus have been considerably underestimated previously.Hence,sustained control efforts are still needed to break transmission of S.mekongi.The pivotal role of highly sensitive diagnostic assays in areas targeting elimination cannot be overemphasised. | Youthanavanh Vonghachack Somphou Sayasone Virak Khieu Robert Bergquist Govert Jvan Dam Pytsje THoekstra Paul L.A.M.Corstjens Beatrice Nickel Hanspeter Marti Jürg Utzinger Sinuon Muth Peter Odermatt | 2017 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2017，6，1： | 4 |
| 11 | The pathology,phylogeny,and epidemiology of Echinococcus ortleppi(G5 genotype):a new case report of echinococcosis in China显示文摘Background:Cystic echinococcosis(CE),caused by the larval stage of the complex Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato(s.l.),is a zoonotic parasitic disease with a high social burden in China.E.ortleppi is a species(formerly genotype 5 of E.granulosus s.l.)with unique epidemic areas(tropical areas),transmission patterns(mainly cattle origin),and pathological characteristics(large and small hook lengths)compared to other species that cause CE.A 19-year-old female patient in an area with no history of echinococcosis in Guizhou Province,China,was diagnosed with E.ortleppi infection in 2019.This study is to understand the source of this human E.ortleppi infection.Methods:We performed computer tomography(CT)scans,surgical operation,morphological sectioning,molecular diagnosis,phylogenetic analyses,and epidemiological investigation in Anshun City,Guizhou Province,China in 2019.Results:The patient presented with intermittent distension and pain in the upper abdomen without other abnormal symptoms.Routine blood examination results were normal.However,abdominal CT revealed a fertile cyst with a diameter of approximately 8 cm,uniform density,and a clear boundary,but without an evident cyst wall in the right lobe of the liver.The cyst was fertile,and phylogenetic analyses revealed that the isolates represented a new E.ortleppi genus haplotype.A result of 10‒14 years incubation period with indigenous infection was considered available for the case through the epidemiological survey.Conclusions:CE due to E.ortleppi infection can be confused with other diseases causing liver cysts,resulting in misdiagnosis.A transmission chain of E.ortleppi may exist or existed in the past in the previously considered nonendemic areas of echinococcosis in southwestern China. | Xu Wang Aiya Zhu Hongying Cai Baixue Liu Gang Xie Rui Jiang Ji Zhang Nanzi Xie Yayi Guan Robert Bergquist Zhenghuan Wang Yang Li Weiping Wu | 2021 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2021，10，6： | 3 |
| 12 | Routine Kato–Katz technique underestimates the prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum : A case study in an endemic area of the People’s Republic of China显示文摘 | Dan-Dan Lin Jian-Xiang Liu Yue-Min Liu Fei Hu Yuan-Yuan Zhang Jin-Mei Xu Jian-Ying Li Min-Jun Ji Robert Bergquist Guan-Ling Wu Hai-Wei Wu | 2008 | Parasitology International2008，，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Elimination of schistosomiasis:the tools required显示文摘Background:Historically,the target in the schistosomiasis control has shifted from infection to morbidity,then back to infection,but now as a public health problem,before moving on to transmission control.Currently,all endemic countries are encouraged to increase control efforts and move towards elimination as required by the World Health Organization(WHO)roadmap for the global control of the neglected tropical diseases(NTDs)and the WHA65.21 resolution issued by the World Health Assembly.However,schistosomiasis prevalence is still alarmingly high and the global number of disability-adjusted life years(DALYs)due to this infection has in fact increased due to inclusion of some‘subtle’clinical symptoms not previously counted.Main body:There is a need to restart and improve efforts to reach the elimination goal.To that end,the first conference of the Global Schistosomiasis Alliance(GSA)Research Working Group was held in mid-June 2016 in Shanghai,People’s Republic of China.It reviewed current progress in schistosomiasis control and elimination,identified pressing operational research gaps that need to be addressed and discussed new tools and strategies required to make elimination a reality.The articles emanating from the lectures and discussions during this meeting,together with some additional invited papers,have been collected as a special issue of the‘Infectious Diseases of Poverty’entitled‘Schistosomiasis Research:Providing the Tools Needed for Elimination’,consisting of 26 papers in all.This paper refers to these papers and discusses critical questions arising at the conference related to elimination of schistosomiasis.Conclusion:The currently most burning questions are the following:Can schistosomiasis be eliminated?Does it require better,more highly sensitive diagnostics?What is the role of preventive chemotherapy at the elimination stage?Is praziquantel sufficient or do we need new drugs?Contemplating these questions,it is felt that the heterogeneity of the endemic areas in the world requires WHO policies to be upgraded instituting new,differentiated guidelines. | Robert Bergquist Xiao-Nong Zhou David Rollinson Jutta Reinhard-Rupp Katharina Klohe | 2017 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2017，6，1： | 1 |
| 14 | Drugs for the control of parasitic diseases: current status and development in schistosomiasis显示文摘 | Alan Fenwick Lorenzo Savioli Dirk Engels N. Robert Bergquist Matthew H. Todd | 2003 | Trends in Parasitology2003，，11： | 1 |
| 15 | Schistosomiasis: from risk assessment to control显示文摘 | Nils Robert Bergquist | 2002 | Trends in Parasitology2002，，7： | 1 |
| 16 | Triggering of high-level resistance against Schistosoma mansoni reinfection by artemether in the mouse model显示文摘 | Utzinger Jurg Chollet Xiao Shu-hua | 2004 | Am J Trop Hyg2004，6，： | 1 |
| 17 | Pattern analysis of schistosomiasis prevalence by exploring predictive modeling in Jiangling County,Hubei Province,P.R.China显示文摘Background:The prevalence of schistosomiasis remains a key public health issue in China.Jiangling County in Hubei Province is a typical lake and marshland endemic area.The pattern analysis of schistosomiasis prevalence in Jiangling County is of significant importance for promoting schistosomiasis surveillance and control in the similar endemic areas.Methods:The dataset was constructed based on the annual schistosomiasis surveillance as well the socio-economic data in Jiangling County covering the years from 2009 to 2013.A village clustering method modified from the K-mean algorithm was used to identify different types of endemic villages.For these identified village clusters,a matrix-based predictive model was developed by means of exploring the one-step backward temporal correlation inference algorithm aiming to estimate the predicative correlations of schistosomiasis prevalence among different years.Field sampling of faeces from domestic animals,as an indicator of potential schistosomiasis prevalence,was carried out and the results were used to validate the results of proposed models and methods.Results:The prevalence of schistosomiasis in Jiangling County declined year by year.The total of 198 endemic villages in Jiangling County can be divided into four clusters with reference to the 5 years’occurrences of schistosomiasis in human,cattle and snail populations.For each identified village cluster,a predictive matrix was generated to characterize the relationships of schistosomiasis prevalence with the historic infection level as well as their associated impact factors.Furthermore,the results of sampling faeces from the front field agreed with the results of the identified clusters of endemic villages.Conclusion:The results of village clusters and the predictive matrix can be regard as the basis to conduct targeted measures for schistosomiasis surveillance and control.Furthermore,the proposed models and methods can be modified to investigate the schistosomiasis prevalence in other regions as well as be used for investigating other parasitic diseases. | Shang Xia Jing-Bo Xue Xia Zhang He-Hua Hu Eniola Michael Abe David Rollinson Robert Bergquist Yibiao Zhou Shi-Zhu Li Xiao-Nong Zhou | 2017 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2017，6，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Triggering of high level resistance against Schistosoma mansoni reinfection by artemether in the mouse model 显示文摘 | Bergquist Robert Utzinger Jurg Chollet Xiao Shu-hua | 2004 | Am J Trop Hyg2004，6，： | 1 |
| 19 | Controlling Schistosomiasis in Southeast Asia显示文摘 | Robert Bergquist Marcel Tanner | | Advances in Parasitology0，，： | 1 |
| 20 | Measuring COVID-19 vaccination coverage: an enhanced age-adjusted two-step foating catchment area model显示文摘Background:There are only limited studies on access to COVID-19 vaccines and identifying the most appropriate health centres for performing vaccination in metropolitan areas.This study aimed to measure potential spatial access to COVID-19 vaccination centres in Mashhad,the second-most populous city in Iran.Methods:The 2021 age structure of the urban census tracts was integrated into the enhanced two-step foating catchment area model to improve accuracy.The model was developed based on three diferent access scenarios:only public hospitals,only public healthcare centres and both(either hospitals or healthcare centres)as potential vaccination facilities.The weighted decision-matrix and analytic hierarchy process,based on four criteria(i.e.service area,accessibility index,capacity of vaccination centres and distance to main roads),were used to choose potential vaccination centres looking for the highest suitability for residents.Global Moran’s index(GMI)was used to measure the spatial autocorrelation of the accessibility index in diferent scenarios and the proposed model.Results:There were 26 public hospitals and 271 public healthcare centres in the study area.Although the exclusive use of public healthcare centres for vaccination can provide the highest accessibility in the eastern and north-eastern parts of the study area,our fndings indicate that including both public hospitals and public healthcare centres provide high accessibility to vaccination in central urban part.Therefore,a combination of public hospitals and public healthcare centres is recommended for efcient vaccination coverage.The value of GMI for the proposed model(accessibility to selected vaccination centres)was calculated as 0.53(Z=162.42,P<0.01).Both GMI and Z-score values decreased in the proposed model,suggesting an enhancement in accessibility to COVID-19 vaccination services.Conclusions:The periphery and poor areas of the city had the least access to COVID-19 vaccination centres.Measuring spatial access to COVID-19 vaccination centres can provide valuable insights for urban public health decisionmakers.Our model,coupled with geographical information systems,provides more efcient vaccination coverage by identifying the most suitable healthcare centres,which is of special importance when only few centres are available. | Alireza Mohammadi Abolfazl Mollalo Robert Bergquist Behzad Kiani | 2021 | Infectious Diseases of Poverty2021，10，5： | 0 |
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