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| 1 | Focus on peripherally inserted central catheters in critically ill patients显示文摘Venous access devices are of pivotal importance for an increasing number of critically ill patients in a variety of disease states and in a variety of clinical settings(emergency, intensive care, surgery) and for different purposes(fluids or drugs infusions, parenteral nutrition, antibiotic therapy, hemodynamic monitoring, procedures of dialysis/apheresis). However, healthcare professionals are commonly worried about the possible consequences that may result using a central venous access device(CVAD)(mainly, bloodstream infections and thrombosis), both peripherally inserted central catheters(PICCs) and centrally inserted central catheters(CICCs). This review aims to discuss indications, insertion techniques, and care of PICCs in critically ill patients. PICCs have many advantages over standard CICCs. First of all, their insertion is easy and safe-due to their placement into peripheral veins of the armand the advantage of a central location of catheter tip suitable for all osmolarity and p H solutions. Using the ultrasound-guidance for the PICC insertion, the risk of hemothorax and pneumothorax can be avoided, as wellas the possibility of primary malposition is very low. PICC placement is also appropriate to avoid post-procedural hemorrhage in patients with an abnormal coagulative state who need a CVAD. Some limits previously ascribed to PICCs(i.e., low flow rates, difficult central venous pressure monitoring, lack of safety for radio-diagnostic procedures, single-lumen) have delayed their start up in the intensive care units as common practice. Though, the recent development of power-injectable PICCs overcomes these technical limitations and PICCs have started to spread in critical care settings. Two important take-home messages may be drawn from this review. First, the incidence of complications varies depending on venous accesses and healthcare professionals should be aware of the different clinical performance as well as of the different risks associated with each type of CVAD(CICCs or PICCs). Second, an inappropriate CVAD choice and, particularly, an inadequate insertion technique are relevant-and often not recognized-potential risk factors for complications in critically ill patients. We strongly believe that all healthcare professionals involved in the choice, insertion or management of CVADs in critically ill patients should know all potential risk factors of complications. This knowledge may minimize complications and guarantee longevity to the CVAD optimizing the risk/benefit ratio of CVAD insertion and use. Proper management of CVADs in critical care saves lines and lives. Much evidence from the medical literature and from the clinical practice supports our belief that, compared to CICCs, the so-called power-injectable peripherally inserted central catheters are a good alternative choice in critical care. | Paolo Cotogni Mauro Pittiruti | 2014 | World Journal of Critical Care Medicine2014，3，4： | 52 |
| 2 | 基于市场推广视角的BIM技术采纳障碍因素中意对比研究显示文摘通过国内外相关文献的阅读与分析,基于市场角度辨识和定义建筑业企业BIM技术采纳的13个障碍因素,运用ISM评价和构建了障碍因素的多级递阶结构模型。在此基础上,通过MICMAC分析明确各障碍因素的依赖性和驱动力,进而得到建筑市场中驱动力较大的关键因素。结合ISM和MICMAC分析的结果,对比研究了中国与意大利建筑市场中障碍因素的异同。结果显示,BIM的教育和培训、BIM技术人才是目前中国建筑市场驱动力最大的两个因素,而BIM标准是当前意大利建筑市场驱动力最大的因素。 | 秦旋 MANCINI Mauro TRAVAGLINI Agnese 吕坤灿 王敏 | 2016 | 管理学报2016，13，11： | 49 |
| 3 | Renin-angiotensin system in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis显示文摘Hepatic fibrosis is considered a common response to many chronic hepatic injuries.It is a multifunctional process that involves several cell types,cytokines,chemokines and growth factors leading to a disruption of homeostatic mechanisms that maintain the liver ecosystem.In spite of many studies regarding the development of fibrosis,the understanding of the pathogenesis remains obscure.The hepatic tissue remodeling process is highly complex,resulting from the balance between collagen degradation and synthesis.Among the many mediators that take part in this process,the components of the Renin angiotensin system(RAS) have progressively assumed an important role.Angiotensin(Ang)□acts as a profibrotic mediator and Ang-(1-7),the newly recognized RAS component,appears to exert a counter-regulatory role in liver tissue.We briefly review the liver fibrosis process and current aspects of the RAS.This review also aims to discuss some experimental evidence regarding the participation of RAS mediators in the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis,focusing on the putative role of the ACE2-Ang-(1-7)-Mas receptor axis. | Regina Maria Pereira Robson Augusto Souza dos Santos Filipi Leles da Costa Dias Mauro Martins Teixeira Ana Cristina Simoes e Silva | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，21： | 37 |
| 4 | 白鹭作为无锡太湖地区环境污染指示生物的研究显示文摘20 0 0年 4~ 6月对分布在无锡太湖地区的 4种鹭鸟中的白鹭 (Egrettagarzetta)行为生态学及其生境污染状况进行了调查研究 .调查地白鹭主要栖息树种包括马尾松 (Pinusmassoniana)、香樟树 (Cin namomumhupehanum)、麻栎树 (Quercusacutissema)、榆树 (Ulmusprmila)和杨梅树 (Myricarubra) .栖息地总面积为 7hm2 ,白鹭总巢数为 42 0 0个 ,每棵树平均 0 .3 8个 .白鹭的孵化期为 19~ 2 1d ,卵重 2 3 .9±4.0g(n =41) ,平均卵大小 (44 .5± 4.1)mm× (3 2 .6± 4.9)mm(n =41) ,平均窝卵数 5 .0 2 (2~ 8)枚 ,平均窝雏数 3 .86(2~ 7)只 ,孵化成功率为 84.2 5 % .对白鹭雏鸟左右跗 的测量分析表明不对称性不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) .白鹭雏鸟食物较小 ,繁殖期间主要以小型鱼类和虾类为食 .污染物分析结果表明 ,白鹭卵中除Cd外 ,六氯苯、六六六、环二烯类、DDTs、DDE、PCBs、Cr、Hg和Pb均检测到 .食物链 (底泥 食物 白鹭雏鸟 )中 ,有机杀虫剂和重金属都逐级富集 .通过与相对无污染的鄱阳湖地区比较 ,太湖地区和鄱阳湖地区卵样品中的DDTs(包括DDT、DDE和DDD)浓度最高 (超过 2 μg·g-1) ,其它污染物浓度均较小 .太湖地区白鹭卵中的DDTs、Cd和Cr浓度低于鄱阳湖地区 ,其它污染物浓度鄱阳湖地区均低于太湖地区 . | 阮禄章 张迎梅 赵东芹 董元华 Fasola Mauro | 2003 | 应用生态学报2003，14，2： | 32 |
| 5 | Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: Evolving paradigms显示文摘In the last years new evidence has accumulated on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease(NAFLD)challenging the paradigms that had been holding the scene over the previous 30 years.NAFLD has such an epidemic prevalence as to make it impossible to screen general population looking for NAFLD cases.Conversely,focusing on those cohorts of individuals exposed to the highest risk of NAFLD could be a more rational approach.NAFLD,which can be diagnosed with either non-invasive strategies or through liver biopsy,is a pathogenically complex and clinically heterogeneous disease.The existence of metabolic as opposed to genetic-associated disease,notably including'lean NAFLD'has recently been recognized.Moreover,NAFLD is a systemic condition,featuring metabolic,cardiovascular and(hepatic/extrahepatic)cancer risk.Among the clinico-laboratory features of NAFLD we discuss hyperuricemia,insulin resistance,atherosclerosis,gallstones,psoriasis and selected endocrine derangements.NAFLD is a precursor of type 2 diabetes(T2D)and metabolic syndrome and progressive liver disease develops in T2D patients in whom the course of disease is worsened by NAFLD.Finally,lifestyle changes and drug treatment options to be implemented in the individual patient are also critically discussed.In conclusion,this review emphasizes the new concepts on clinical and pathogenic heterogeneity of NAFLD,a systemic disorder with a multifactorial pathogenesis and protean clinical manifestations.It is highly prevalent in certain cohorts of individuals who are thus potentially amenable to selective screening strategies,intensive follow-up schedules for early identification of liver-related and extrahepatic complications and in whom earlier and more aggressive treatment schedules should be carried out whenever possible. | Amedeo Lonardo Fabio Nascimbeni Mauro Maurantonio Alessandra Marrazzo Luca Rinaldi Luigi Elio Adinolfi | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，36： | 33 |
| 6 | 无锡太湖地区夜鹭及白鹭繁殖生物学研究显示文摘1999年 4~ 6月对分布在无锡地区的夜鹭 (Nycticoraxnycticorax)和白鹭 (Egrettagarzetta)的繁殖生物学进行了调查研究 ,调查地面积约 2 72 37 5m2 ,植被以马尾松 (Pinusmassoniana)和香樟树 (Cinnamomumhupehanum)为主。研究结果表明 :栖息地共有鹭巢近万个 ,平均密度为 0 36个 /m2 ,每棵树上平均巢数为1 0 6个 ,最多达 2 5个 /棵树 ;平均窝卵数夜鹭为 3 5 5枚 ,白鹭为 4 89枚 ;平均窝雏数夜鹭为 2 6 8只 ,白鹭为3 96只 ;孵化期白鹭为 1 9~ 2 1天 ,夜鹭为 2 2~ 2 3天 ;孵化成功率白鹭为 84 2 5 % ,夜鹭为 75 46 % ;白鹭雏鸟主要以小型鱼类和虾类为食 ,夜鹭雏鸟主要以鱼类和两栖类为食。 | 张迎梅 阮禄章 董元华 龚钟明 李运东 王辉 Fasola Mauro | 2000 | Zoological Research2000，21，4： | 26 |
| 7 | 无锡鼋头渚夜鹭卵中有机氯农药残留及其环境指示意义显示文摘分析了太湖鼋头渚夜鹭卵中的有机氯农药残留情况 ,发现在禁用近 2 0年后 ,HCH的异构体、DDT及其代谢物、异狄氏剂以及环氧七氯在夜鹭卵中都有不同程度的检出 ,其中 β HCH和 p ,p’ DDE的残留水平和检出率均很高 ,p ,p’ DDE平均达到了 0 90 6μg/g(干重 ) .研究发现无锡夜鹭卵中多数有机氯农药残留水平均高于江西共青城地区的样品 .无锡夜鹭卵孵化率较低 ,可能与DDE残留量较高有关 .夜鹭卵中有机氯农药残留水平具有指示环境污染的意义 . | 龚钟明 董元华 安琼 王辉 李运东 杨林章 阮禄章 张迎梅 Mauro Fasola | 2001 | 环境科学2001，22，2： | 26 |
| 8 | Clinical features and management of primary biliary cirrhosis显示文摘Primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC),which is characterised by progressive destruction of intrahepatic bile ducts,is not a rare disease since both prevalence and incidence are increasing during the last years mainly due to the improvement of case finding strategies.The prognosis of the disease has improved due to both the recognition of earlier and indolent cases,and to the wide use of ursodeoxycholic acid(UDCA).New indicators of prog-nosis are available that will be useful especially for the growing number of patients with less severe disease.Most patients are asymptomatic at presentation.Pruri-tus may represent the most distressing symptom and,when UDCA is ineffective,cholestyramine represents the mainstay of treatment.Complications of long-standing cholestasis may be clinically relevant only in very ad-vanced stages.Available data on the effects of UDCA on clinically relevant end points clearly indicate that the drug is able to slow but not to halt the progression of the disease while,in advanced stages,the only thera-peutic option remains liver transplantation. | Andrea Crosignani Pier Maria Battezzati Pietro Invernizzi Carlo Selmi Elena Prina Mauro Podda | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，21： | 23 |
| 9 | Bone marrow derived stem cells for the treatment of end-stage liver disease显示文摘End-stage disease due to liver cirrhosis is an important cause of death worldwide. Cirrhosis results from progressive, extensive fibrosis and impaired hepatocyte regeneration. The only curative treatment is liver transplantation, but due to the several limitations of this procedure, the interest in alternative therapeutic strategies is increasing. In particular, the potential of bone marrow stem cell(BMSC) therapy in cirrhosis has been explored in different trials. In this article, we evaluate the results of 18 prospective clinical trials, and we provide a descriptive overview of recent advances in the research on hepatic regenerative medicine. The main message from the currently available data in the literature is that BMSC therapy is extremely promising in the context of liver cirrhosis. However, its application should be further explored in randomized, controlled trials with large cohorts and long follow-ups. | Cristina Margini Ranka Vukotic Lucia Brodosi Mauro Bernardi Pietro Andreone | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，27： | 18 |
| 10 | 索绪尔《普通语言学教程》评注本序言显示文摘自从十八世纪初年以来,索绪尔在日内瓦的家族人才辈出,有博物学家、物理学家和地理学家,代代相传。深入开拓自然科学和精密科学领域的知识,是这个家族引以自豪的传统。到了十九世纪初,只有阿尔培蒂纳·阿特里埃娜·德·索绪尔才背离这个习惯,转向德国浪漫主义学者和唯心主义哲学家的美学。 | Tullio de Mauro 陈振尧 | 1983 | 当代语言学1983，，4： | 16 |
| 11 | Experimental evidence on the immunopathogenesis of primary biliary cirrhosis显示文摘Primary biliary cirrhosis(PBC)is a chronic cholestatic liver disease for which an autoimmune pathogenesis is supported by clinical and experimental data,including the presence of autoantibodies and autoreactive T cells.The etiology remains to be determined,yet data suggest that both a susceptible genetic background and unknown environmental factors determine disease onset.Multiple infectious and chemical candidates have been proposed to trigger the disease in a genetically susceptible host,mostly by molecular mimicry.Most recently,several murine models have been reported,including genetically determined models as well as models induced by immunization with xenobiotics and bacteria. | Carlo Selmi Francesca Meda Anaid Kasangian Pietro Invernizzi Zhigang Tian Zhexiong Lian Mauro Podda M Eric Gershwin | 2010 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2010，7，1： | 14 |
| 12 | Primary hepatic carcinoid:A case report and literature review显示文摘Carcinoids are tumors derived from neuroendocrine cells and often produce functional peptide hormones.Approximately 54.5% arise in the gastrointestinal tract and frequently metastasize to the liver.Primary hepatic carcinoid tumors(PHCT) are extremely rare;only 95 cases have been reported.A 65-year-old man came to our attention due to occasional ultrasound findings in absence of clinical manifestations.His previous medical history,since 2003,included an echotomography of the dishomogeneous parenchymal area but no focal lesions.A computed tomography scan performed in 2005 showed an enhanced pseudonodular-like lesion of about 2 cm.Cholangio-magnetic resonance imaging identified the lesion as a possible cholangiocarcinoma.No positive findings were obtained with positron emission tomography.Histology suggested a secondary localization in the liver caused by a low-grade malignant neuroendocrine tumor.Immunohistochemistry was positive for anti chromogranin antibodies,Ki67 antibodies and synaptophysin.Octreoscan scintigraphy indicated intense activity in the lesion.Endoscopic investigations were performed to exclude the presence of extrahepatic neoplasms.Diagnosis of PHCT was established.The patient underwent left hepatectomy,followed by hormone therapy with sandostatine LAR.Two months after surgery he had a lymph nodal relapse along the celiac trunk and caudate lobe,which was histologically confirmed.The postoperative clinical course was uneventful,with a negative follow-up for hematochemical,clinical and radiological investigations at 18 mo post-surgery.Diagnosis of PHCT is based principally on the histopathological confi rmation of a carcinoid tumor and the exclusion of a non-hepatic primary tumor.Surgical resection is the recommended primary treatment for PHCT.Recurrence rate and survival rate in patients treated with resection were 18% and 74%,respectively. | Luigi Maria Fenoglio Sara Severini Domenico Ferrigno Giovanni Gollè Cristina Serraino Christian Bracco Elisabetta Castagna Chiara Brignone Fulvio Pomero Elena Migliore Ezio David Mauro Salizzoni | 2009 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2009，15，19： | 14 |
| 13 | Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy in diabetes:Pathophysiology,clinical assessment and implications显示文摘Cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy(CAN)is a debilitating condition that mainly occurs in long-standing type 2 diabetes patients but can manifest earlier,even before diabetes is diagnosed.CAN is a microvascular complication that results from lesions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nerve fibers,which innervate the heart and blood vessels and promote alterations in cardiovascular autonomic control.The entire mechanism is still not elucidated,but several aspects of the pathophysiology of CAN have already been described,such as the production of advanced glycation end products,reactive oxygen species,nuclear factor kappa B,and pro-inflammatory cytokines.This microvascular complication is an important risk factor for silent myocardial ischemia,chronic kidney disease,myocardial dysfunction,major cardiovascular events,cardiac arrhythmias,and sudden death.It has also been suggested that,compared to other traditional cardiovascular risk factors,CAN progression may have a greater impact on cardiovascular disease development.However,CAN might be subclinical for several years,and a late diagnosis increases the mortality risk.The duration of the transition period from the subclinical to clinical stage remains unknown,but the progression of CAN is associated with a poor prognosis.Several tests can be used for CAN diagnosis,such as heart rate variability(HRV),cardiovascular autonomic reflex tests,and myocardial scintigraphy.Currently,it has already been described that CAN could be detected even during the subclinical stage through a reduction in HRV,which is a non-invasive test with a lower operating cost.Therefore,considering that diabetes mellitus is a global epidemic and that diabetic neuropathy is the most common chronic complication of diabetes,the early identification and treatment of CAN could be a key point to mitigate the morbidity and mortality associated with this long-lasting condition. | Alice Duque Mauro Felippe Felix Mediano Andrea De Lorenzo Luiz Fernando Rodrigues Jr | 2021 | World Journal of Diabetes2021，12，6： | 14 |
| 14 | Accuracy of magnetic resonance cholangiography compared to operative endoscopy in detecting biliary stones, a single center experience and review of literature显示文摘AIM: To compare diagnostic sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography(MRCP) without contrast medium and endoscopic ultrasound(EUS)/endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) for biliary calculi. METHODS: From January 2012 to December 2013, two-hundred-sixty-three patients underwent MRCP at our institution, all MRCP procedure were performed with the same machinery. In two-hundred MRCP was done for pure hepatobiliary symptoms and these patients are the subjects of this study. Among these two-hundred patients, one-hundred-eleven(55.5%) underwent ERCP after MRCP. The retrospective study design consisted in the systematic revision of all images from MRCP and EUS/ERCP performed by two radiologist with a long experience in biliary imaging, an experienced endoscopist and a senior consultant in Hepatobiliopancreatic surgery. A false positive was defined an MRCP showing calculi with no findings at EUS/ERCP; a true positive was defined as a concordance between MRCP and EUS/ERCP findings; a false negative was defined as the absence of images suggesting calculi at MRCP with calculi localization/extraction at EUS/ERCP and a true negative was defined as a patient with nocalculi at MRCP ad at least 6 mo of asymptomatic followup. Biliary tree dilatation was defined as a common bile duct diameter larger than 6 mm in a patient who had an in situ gallbladder. A third blinded radiologist who examined the MRCP and ERCP data reviewed misdiagnosed cases. Once obtained overall data on sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value(PPV) and negative predictive value(NPV) we divided patients in two groups composed of those having concordant MRCP and EUS/ERCP(Group A, 72 patients) and those having discordant MRCP and EUS/ERCP(Group B, 20 patients). Dataset comparisons had been made by the Student's t-test and χ2 when appropriate.RESULTS: Two-hundred patients(91 men, 109 women, mean age 67.6 years, and range 25-98 years) underwent MRCP. All patients attended regular follow-up for at least 6 mo. Morbidity and mortality related to MRCP were null. MRCP was the only exam performed in 89 patients because it did show only calculi into the gallbladder with no signs of the presence of calculi into the bile duct and symptoms resolved within a few days or after colecistectomy. The patients remained asymptomatic for at least 6 mo, and we assumed they were true negatives. One hundred eleven(53 men, 58 women, mean age 69 years, range 25-98 years) underwent ERCP following MRCP. We did not find any difference between the two groups in terms of race, age, and sex. The overall median interval between MRCP and ERCP was 9 d. In detecting biliary stones MRCP Sensitivity was 77.4%, Specificity 100% and Accuracy 80.5% with a PPV of 100% and NPV of 85%; EUS showed 95% sensitivity, 100% specificity, 95.5% accuracy with 100% PPV and 57.1% NPV. The association of EUS with ERCP performed at 100% in all the evaluated parameters. When comparing the two groups, we did not find any statistically significant difference regarding age, sex, and race. Similarly, we did not find any differences regarding the number of extracted stones: 116 stones in Group A(median 2, range 1 to 9) and 27 in Group B(median 2, range 1 to 4). When we compared the size of the extracted stones we found that the patients in Group B had significantly smaller stones: 14.16 ± 8.11 mm in Group A and 5.15 ± 2.09 mm in Group B; 95% confidence interval = 5.89-12.13, standard error = 1.577; P < 0.05. We also found that in Group B there was a significantly higher incidence of stones smaller than 5 mm: 36 in Group A and 18 in Group B, P < 0.05.CONCLUSION: Major finding of the present study is that choledocholithiasis is still under-diagnosed in MRCP. Smaller stones(< 5 mm diameter) are hardly visualized on MRCP. | Francesco A Polistina Mauro Frego Marco Bisello Emy Manzi Antonella Vardanega Bortolo Perin | 2015 | World Journal of Radiology2015，7，4： | 14 |
| 15 | 太湖鼋头渚地区鹭类觅食生境研究显示文摘连续 2a实地调查了太湖鼋头渚地区鹭鸟的觅食生境 ,并搜集其雏鸟的反吐物 ,初步掌握了该地区不同鹭鸟对觅食生境的选择与食物组成情况。结果表明 ,无锡鼋头渚地区白鹭与夜鹭主要在鱼塘、湖泊觅食 ,白鹭在湖滨觅食 ,而夜鹭还会到湖中央水面觅食 ;池鹭觅食区域较广 ,主要在鱼塘。鹭群主要的食物类型是鱼类 ,白鹭食物几乎全为鱼类 ,夜鹭 95 %的食物为鱼类 ,兼有少量的蛙类、甲壳类和小型哺乳类动物。 | 李涛 董元华 王辉 Mauro Fasola 张迎梅 | 2002 | 农村生态环境2002，18，3： | 13 |
| 16 | Cognitive impairment in heart failure patients显示文摘在心失败(HF ) 的认知损坏包含因此为单身的病人防碍能力到自顾的不同领域,修改症状和健康行为并且应付治疗政体。许多服、功能的变化在大脑成像被检测,包含灰、白的物质的区域派了到认知。尽管各种各样的仪器是可得到的探索认知,没有一致在在 HF 人口要过去常的更好的工具上被获得。在服的血流动的减小,减少的心脏的输出,血压层次的脑血管的反应和修正的改变是涉及认知赤字的 etiopathogenetic 机制的主要特征。几个心脏的变量,实验室参数,人口统计、临床的元素与认知为他们的可能的关系被学习并且应该适当地被评估在缺陷的增加的风险定义病人。现在的评论收集指出保证信息并且讨论研究开发的可能的区域的可得到的数据。 | Laura Leto Mauro Feola | 2014 | Journal of Geriatric Cardiology2014，11，4： | 12 |
| 17 | Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure Is a Distinct Syndrome That Develops in Patients With Acute Decompensation of Cirrhosis显示文摘 | Richard Moreau Rajiv Jalan Pere Gines Marco Pavesi Paolo Angeli Juan Cordoba Francois Durand Thierry Gustot Faouzi Saliba Marco Domenicali Alexander Gerbes Julia Wendon Carlo Alessandria Wim Laleman Stefan Zeuzem Jonel Trebicka Mauro Bernardi Vicente Arro | 2013 | Gastroenterology2013，，7： | 12 |
| 18 | 不同年龄夜鹭卵中有机氯农药污染的生物指示显示文摘通过对太湖鼋头渚 2 0 0 0年采集的二龄、三龄和四龄夜鹭卵以及相应年龄组夜鹭的捕食物中有机氯残留的检测 ,发现捕食物中HCH和DDT的平均残留量随年龄增加而增加 .除γ HCH外 ,其它 15种有机氯农药在卵样中均有检出 ,残留水平最高的为p ,p′ DDE ,占有机氯农药残留总量的 85 %以上 .β HCH是六六六类中持留性最强的组分 ,其残留量仅次于p ,p′ DDE .研究发现 ,p ,p DDT和 β HCH检出率为 10 0 % ,而其它类型农药只有很低的检出率 ,这与我国有机氯农药使用的历史情况相吻合 .随着亲鸟年龄增加 ,卵中 β HCH残留量有所提高 ,p ,p′ DDE残留量似有先升后稍降的趋势 .统计结果表明 :各年龄组有机氯残留量差异不明显 ,因此在用夜鹭卵作有机氯污染的生物指示时可以不考虑年龄差异所带来的影响 . | 安琼 董元华 王辉 葛方龙 Fasola Mauro Ruiz Xavier 张迎梅 | 2004 | 环境科学学报2004，24，1： | 12 |
| 19 | Diffusion-weighted MRI in a liver protocol: Its role in focal lesion detection显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the role of diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) in the detection of focal liver lesions (FLLs), using a conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol. METHODS: Fifty-two patients (22 males, average age 55.6 years, range: 25-82 years), studied using a 1.5 Tesla magnetic resonance scanner, were retrospectively analyzed; detection of FLLs was evaluated by considering the number of lesions observed with the following sequences: (1) respiratory-triggered diffusion-weighted single-shot echo-planar (DW SS-EP) sequences; (2) fat-suppressed fast spin-echo (fs-FSE) T2 weighted sequences; (3) steady-state free precession (SSFP) images; and (4) dynamic triphasic gadolinium-enhanced images, acquired with three-dimensional fast spoiled gradient-echo (3D FSPGR). Two radiologists independently reviewed the images: they were blinded to their respective reports. DW SS-EP sequences were compared to fs-FSE, SSFP and dynamic gadolinium-enhanced acquisitions using a t -test. Pairs were compared for the detection of: (1) all FLLs; (2) benign FLLs; (3) malignant FLLs; (4) metastases; and (5) hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). RESULTS: Interobserver agreement was very good (weighted = 0.926, CI = 0.880-0.971); on the consensus reading, 277 FLLs were detected. In the comparison with fs-FSE, DW SS-EP sequences had a significantly higher score in the detection of all FLLs, benign FLLs, malignant FLLs and metastases; no statistical difference was observed in the detection of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCCs). In the comparison with SSFP sequences, DW SS-EP had significantly higher scores (P < 0.05) in the detection of all lesions, benign lesions, malignant lesions, metastases and HCC. All FLLs were better detected by dynamic 3D FSGR enhanced acquisition, with P = 0.0023 for reader 1 and P = 0.0086 for reader 2 in the comparison with DW SS-EP sequences; with reference to benign FLLs, DW SS-EP showed lower values than 3D FSPGR enhanced acquisition (P < 0.05). No statistical differences were observed in the detection of malignant lesions and metastases; considering HCCs, a very slight difference was reported by reader 1 (P = 0.049), whereas no difference was found by reader 2 (P = 0.06). CONCLUSION: In lesion detection, DWI had higher scores than T2 sequences; considering malignant FLLs, no statistical difference was observed between DWI and dynamic gadolinium images. | Stefano Palmucci Letizia Antonella Mauro Martina Messina Brunella Russo Giovanni Failla Pietro Milone Massimiliano Berretta Giovanni Carlo Ettorre | 2012 | World Journal of Radiology2012，4，7： | 11 |
| 20 | 无锡鼋头渚4种鹭类繁殖期的生态学特征研究显示文摘20 0 0年 3月~ 6月对无锡鼋头渚的鹭鸟繁殖期的种群生态特征进行了调查研究 ,结果表明 :栖息地共有鹭巢 3 64 0 0个 ,巢密度为 0 5 2个 /m2 ,平均每棵树有巢 3 3 6个 ;较早迁来的夜鹭首先占据了远离村庄及公路的相对较好的位置 ;鹭类筑巢对高大的马尾松利用率较高 ,且个体较大的鹭鸟多占据树的中上部 ,个体较小的鹭鸟则主要栖息于下部 ;夜鹭和牛背鹭平均窝卵数为 3个 /巢 ,白鹭和池鹭为 5个 /巢。 | 王辉 董元华 李涛 张迎梅 阮禄章 赵东芹 Fasola Mauro | 2001 | 农村生态环境2001，17，4： | 11 |
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