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| 1 | Coconut(Cocos nucifera L.:Arecaceae):In health promotion and disease prevention显示文摘Coconut,Cocos nucifera L.,is a tree that is cultivated for its multiple utilities,mainly for its nutritional and medicinal values.The various products of coconut include tender coconut water,copra,coconut oil,raw kernel,coconut cake,coconut toddy,coconut shell and wood based products,coconut leaves,coir pith etc.Its all parts are used in someway or another in the daily life of the people in the traditional coconut growing areas.It is the unique source of various natural products for the development of medicines against various diseases and also for the development of industrial products.The parts of its fruit like coconut kernel and tender coconut water have numerous medicinal properties such as antibacterial,antifungal,antiviral, antiparasitic,antidermatophytic,antioxidant,hypoglycemic,hepatoprotective,immunostimulant. Coconut water and coconut kernel contain microminerals and nutrients,which are essential to human health,and hence coconut is used as food by the peoples in the globe,mainly in the tropical countries.The coconut palm is,therefore,eulogised as ’Kalpavriksha’(the all giving tree) in Indian classics,and thus the current review describes the facts and phenomena related to its use in health and disease prevention. | Manisha DebMandal Shyamapada Mandal | 2011 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2011，4，3： | 18 |
| 2 | Antibacterial activity of honey against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli,Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi显示文摘Objective:To ascertain the potential antibacterial activity of honey against clinical isolates of Escherichia coli(E.coli),Pseudomonas aeruginosa(P.aeruginosa) and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi(S.enterica serovar Typhi) by in vitro methods.Methods:The partial inhibitory concentration(PIC),minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration(MBC) values of the autoclaved honey(extracted from Apis indica hive by indigenous method) were determined for S.enterica serovar Typhi(n=8:from blood cultute), E.coli(n=5:from urine culture) and P.aeruginosa(n=5:from pus culture) isolates by in vitro methods.Results:The PICs of the honey tested for the isolates ranged 0.50%-1.25%(v/v) for S. enterica serovar Typhi,0.75%-1.50%(v/v) for E.coli and 1.00%-1.25%(v/v) for P.aeruginosa, while the MICs ranged 1.75%-3.00%(v/v),3.00%-3.50%(v/v) and 3.50%(v/v),respectively.The P.aeruginosa and E.coli isolates had MBC value of 4.00%(v/v):the S.enterica serovar Typhi showed MBCs in between 3.00%and 3.50%(v/v).The bactericidal activity of honey was achieved at concentration 3.00%(v/v) for S.enterica serovar Typhi and E.coli,and at 3.50%(v/v) for P. aeruginosa.Conclusions:The excellent antibacterial activity of honey against clinical bacterial isolates indicates the usefulness of honey in clinical practice against bacterial infection. | Shyamapada Mandal Manisha DebMandal Nishith Kumar Pal Krishnendu Saha | 2010 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2010，3，12： | 8 |
| 3 | Synergistic anti - Staphylococcus aureus activity of amoxicillin in combination with Emblica officinalis and Nymphae odorata extracts显示文摘Objective:To evaluate the antibacterial activity of Emblica officinalis Gaertn(E.officinalis: Family:Euphorbiaceae) seed and Nymphae odorala Aiton(N.odorala:Family:Nymphaeaceae) stamen extracts,alone and in combination,and in combination with amoxicillin(Ax) against Staphylococcus aureus(S.aureus).Methods:Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of amla,E.officinalis,seed(AMS:500μg) and sapla,N.odorala,stamen(SAP:500 p g) for 12 methicillin-resistant S.aureus(MRSA) isolates was determined following agar diffusion:in order to assess the combined antibacterial activity,AMS(250μg) plus SAP(250μg) were considered.The Ax(10μg) activity alone and in combination with AMS(250μg),and SAP(250μg) was determined by disk diffusion.The zone diameters of inhibition(ZDIs) for the agents were recorded,and growth inhibitory indices(GIIs) were calculated.Results:The MRSA isolates (n=12) had AMS(500μg) and SAP(500μg) ZDIs of 12-19 mm and 21-24 mm,respectively.The ZDIs(range 24-27 mm) increased by 3-4 mm due to combined action of AMS(250μg) and SAP(250μg) indicating synergy between extracts for MRSA(GII 0.634-0.742).The MRSA isolates were resistant to Ax(ZDI:8-11 mm),which in combination with AMS and SAP had synergistic effect,both due to increased ZDI[mean±SD=(3.5±0.577) mm]and GII(0.631-0.894).Conclusions:The data suggest that the plants,E.officinalis and N.odorala alone or in combination,are promising in the development of phytomedicines,which may be used,alone or in combination with the antibiotic. Ax,against MRSA infection. | Shyamapada Mandal Manisha DebMandal Nishith Kumar Pal Krishnendu Saha | 2010 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2010，3，9： | 6 |
| 4 | Plasmid mediated antibiotic resistance of Vibrio cholerae Ol biotype E1 Tor serotype Ogawa associated with an outbreak in Kolkata,India显示文摘Objective:To determine the antibiotic resistance of Vibrio choleras(V.cholerae) O1 biotype El Tor serotype Ogawa isolates involved in an outbreak of watery diarrhea in Kolkata,and to explore the role of plasmid in mediating antibiotic resistance.Methods:Antibiotic susceptibility and minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) values of antibiotics for the isolated V.cholerae 01 Ogawa(n=12) were determined by disk diffusion and agar dilution methods,respectively,using ampicillin(Am),chloramphenicol(C),trimethoprim(Tm),tetracycline(T).erythromycine(Er), nalidixic acid(Nx).ciprofloxacin(Cp),amikacin(Ak) and cefotaxime(Cf).Plasmid curing of multidrug resistant(MDR) V.cholerae 01 Ogawa strains was done following ethidium bromide treatment.Following electrophoresis,the plasmid DNAs,extracted from the isolated MDR V. cholerae O1 Ogawa strains and their cured derivatives,were visualized and documented in ’gel doc’ system.Results:The outbreak causing V.cholerae O1 Ogawa isolates were MDR as determined by disk diffusion susceptibility test,and MIC determination.The isolates showed three different drug resistance patterns:AmTmTErNx(for 6 isolates).TmTErCp(for 5 isolates), and AmTniNx(for one isolate),and showed uniform sensitivity to C,Ak and Cf.The loss of plasmids with the concomitant loss of resistance to Am,Tm,T and Er of the isolates occurred following ethidium bromide treatment.Conclusions:The current findings suggest that the V. cholerae O1 Ogawa associated with the cholera outbreak were MDR,and resistance to Am,Tm,T and Er among the isolates were plasmid mediated. | Shyamapada Mandal Manisha DebMandal Nishith Kumar Pal | 2010 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2010，3，8： | 1 |
| 5 | Serologic evidence of human leptospirosis in and around Kolkata,India:A clinico-epidemiological study显示文摘Objective:To investigate the prevalence of leptospirosis among patients from within and outside Kolkata.India,attending the Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine,for treatment during August 2002 to August 2008.Methods:The leptospirosis cases were determined on the basis of clinical, epidemiological,and biochemical factors,and were tested for leptospiral antibodies using IgM ELISA.Serum samples with absorbance ratio≥1.21 were interpreted as reactive.Results:The commonest presentation involved fever,headache and jaundice.The male-female ratio was 61:46.A total of 65(64.20%) cases had abnormal liver and renal functions respectively,and 57.1% had both the abnormalities.The highest incidence(75.35.04%) was recorded in SeptemberOctober followed by July-August(53.24.77%).The reactive cases had absorbance ratios between 1.21 and 8.21.and 53 showed equivocal result,while IgM non reactivity were seen in 90 patients (absorbance ratios 0.10-0.90).The patients responded to treatment with parenteral antibiotics, penicillin,ceftriaxone and cefotaxime;follow up did not reveal case fatality.Conclusions:The cardinal signs of leptospirosis help in making clinical diagnosis,but in any hyper-endemic situation any patient reporting with acute lever and signs of pulmonary,hepatic or renal involvement should be suspected to have leptospirosis and investigated accordingly.Increased awareness,and early diagnosis and treatment,can reduce mortality due to leptospirosis. | Manisha DebMandal Shyamapada Mandal Nishith Kumar Pal | 2011 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2011，4，12： | 1 |
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