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| 1 | Immunogenetic factors driving formation of ultralong VH CDR3 in Bos taurus antibodies显示文摘The antibody repertoire of Bos taurus is characterized by a subset of variable heavy(VH)chain regions with ultralong third complementarity determining regions(CDR3)which,compared to other species,can provide a potent response to challenging antigens like HIV env.These unusual CDR3 can range to over seventy highly diverse amino acids in length and form uniqueβ-ribbon‘stalk’and disulfide bonded‘knob’structures,far from the typical antigen binding site.The genetic components and processes for forming these unusual cattle antibody VH CDR3 are not well understood.Here we analyze sequences of Bos taurus antibody VH domains and find that the subset with ultralong CDR3 exclusively uses a single variable gene,IGHV1-7(VHBUL)rearranged to the longest diversity gene,IGHD8-2.An eight nucleotide duplication at the 3′end of IGHV1-7 encodes a longer V-region producing an extended Fβ-strand that contributes to the stalk in a rearranged CDR3.A low amino acid variability was observed in CDR1 and CDR2,suggesting that antigen binding for this subset most likely only depends on the CDR3.Importantly a novel,potentially AID mediated,deletional diversification mechanism of the B.taurus VH ultralong CDR3 knob was discovered,in which interior codons of the IGHD8-2 region are removed while maintaining integral structural components of the knob and descending strand of the stalk in place.These deletions serve to further diversify cysteine positions,and thus disulfide bonded loops.Hence,both germline and somatic genetic factors and processes appear to be involved in diversification of this structurally unusual cattle VH ultralong CDR3 repertoire. | Thaddeus C Deiss Melissa Vadnais Feng Wang Patricia L Chen Ali Torkamani Waithaka Mwangi Marie-Paule Lefranc Michael F Criscitiello Vaughn V Smider | 2019 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2019，16，1： | 4 |
| 2 | Phosphorus diagenesis in lake sediments:investigation using fractionation techniques显示文摘 | Michael R P Martin T A Eric L V | 1995 | Mar Freshwater Res1995，46，： | 1 |
| 3 | A generalized multi- period mean-variance portfolio optimization with Markov switching parameters显示文摘 | Oswaldo L V C Michael V A | 2008 | Automatica2008，44，10： | 1 |
| 4 | HIPI and HIPlr stabilize receptor tyrosine kinases and bind 3-phosphoinositides via epsin N-terminal homology domains显示文摘 | Hyun T S Rao D S Saint-Dic D Michael L E Kumar P D Bradley S V Mizukami I F | | 0，，14： | 1 |
| 5 | Customer Experience Management in Retailing: An Organizing Framework显示文摘 | Dhruv G Michael L Kumar V | 2009 | Journal of Re-tailing2009，85，1： | 1 |
| 6 | An investigation of the modified direction feature for cursive character recognition显示文摘 | Michael B XinY L Brijesh V | 2007 | Pattern Recognition2007，40，2： | 1 |
| 7 | Ownership Structure, Corporate Governance, and Firm Value: Evidence from the East Asian Financial Crisis显示文摘 | Michael L Lemmon Kad V Lins | 2003 | Journal of Finance2003，58，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Liver-specific dene expression in cultured human hepmatopoietic stem cell显示文摘 | HENNING C F MICHAEL V L LOURDES C D | 2003 | Stem Cells2003，21，： | 1 |
| 9 | A comparison of sample types varying in invasiveness for use in DNA sex determina- tion in an endangered population of greater sage-grouse(Centrocercus uropihasianus ) 显示文摘 | Krista L B Michael D V Cameron L Aldridge | 2005 | Conservation Genetics2005，6，： | 1 |
| 10 | Experimental and Theoretical Rate Constants for CH4 + O2→· CH2+HO2· 显示文摘 | SRINIVASAN N K MICHAEL J V HARDING L B et a l | 2007 | Combust Flame2007，149，： | 1 |
| 11 | Enzymatic Synthesis of Dimeric and Trimeric Sugar-Fatty Acid Ester显示文摘 | Gao C L Michael J Evgeny N V | 1999 | Enzyme and Microbial Technology1999，25，： | 1 |
| 12 | A generalized multi-period mean-variance portfolio optimization with Markov switching parameters显示文摘 | Oswaldo L V C Michael V A | 2008 | Automatica2008，44，： | 1 |
| 13 | Hypertension,Age,and Location predict rupture of small intracranial aneurysms显示文摘 | BRUAN V N MICHAEL L D THOMAS MORGAN | 2005 | Neurosurgery2005，57，4： | 1 |
| 14 | The draft genome of the transgenic tropical fruit tree papaya ( Carica pap aya Linnaeus ) 显示文摘 | MING R HOU S B FENG Y YU Q DIONNE-LAPORTE A SAW J H SENIN P WANG W LY B V LEWIS K L T SALZBERG S L FENG L GONES M R SKELTON R L MURRAYJ E CHEN C QIAN W SHEN J DU P EUSTICE M TONG E TANG H LYONS E PAULL R E MICHAEL T P WALL K RICE D W ALBERT H WANG M L ZHU Y J SCHATZ M NAGARAJAN N ACOB R A GUAN P BLAS A WAI C M ACKERMAN C M REN Y LIU C WANG J M WANG J P NA J SHAKIROV E V HAAS B THIMMAPURAM J NELSON D WANG X BOWERS J E GSCHWEND A R DELCHER A L SINGH R SUZUKI J Y TRIPATHI S NEUPANE K WEI H IRIKURA B PAIDI M JIANG N ZHANG W PRESTING G WINDSOR A NAVAJAS-PEREZ R TORRES M J FELTUS A PORTER B LI Y BURROUGHS A M LUO M C LIU L CHRISTOPHER D A MOUNT S M MOORE P H SUGIMURA T JIANG J SCHULER M A FRIEDMAN V MITCHELL-OLDS T SHIPPEN D E PAMPHILIS C W PALMER J D FREELING M PATERSON A H GONSALVES D WANG L ALAM M | 2008 | Nature2008，452，： | 1 |
| 15 | Challenges in the Detection and Attribution of Northern Hemisphere Surface Temperature Trends Since 1850显示文摘Since 2007,the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change(IPCC)has heavily relied on the comparison between global climate model hindcasts and global surface temperature(ST)estimates for concluding that post-1950s global warming is mostly human-caused.In Connolly et al.,we cautioned that this approach to the detection and attribution of climate change was highly dependent on the choice of Total Solar Irradiance(TSI)and ST data sets.We compiled 16 TSI and five ST data sets and found by altering the choice of TSI or ST,one could(prematurely)conclude anything from the warming being“mostly human-caused”to“mostly natural.”Richardson and Benestad suggested our analysis was“erroneous”and“flawed”because we did not use a multilinear regression.They argued that applying a multilinear regression to one of the five ST series re-affirmed the IPCC's attribution statement.They also objected that many of the published TSI data sets were out-of-date.However,here we show that when applying multilinear regression analysis to an expanded and updated data set of 27 TSI series,the original conclusions of Connolly et al.are confirmed for all five ST data sets.Therefore,it is still unclear whether the observed warming is mostly human-caused,mostly natural or some combination of both. | Ronan Connolly Willie Soon Michael Connolly Sallie Baliunas Johan Berglund C.J.Butler Rodolfo Gustavo Cionco Ana G.Elias Valery M.Fedorov Hermann Harde Gregory W.Henry Douglas V.Hoyt Ole Humlum David R.Legates Nicola Scafetta Jan-Erik Solheim LászlóSzarka Víctor M.Velasco Herrera Hong Yan Weijia Zhang | 2023 | Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics2023，23，10： | 1 |
| 16 | Rheology and melt characterization of low-fat and full fat MoZzarella cheese made from microfluidized milk显示文摘 | Diane L V Michael H T Edyth L M | 2007 | Food Science and Technology2007，40，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Ownership structure, corporate governance, and firm value : Evidence from the East Asian financial crisis 显示文摘 | LEMMON MICHAEL L KARL V | 2003 | Journal of Finance2003，，58： | 1 |
| 18 | Ownership Structure, Corporate Governance, and Firm Value: Evidence from the East Asian Financial Crisis 显示文摘 | Lemmon Michael L Karl V Lins | 2003 | The Journal of Finance2003，53，4： | 1 |
| 19 | endovascular restorative neurosurgery:a novel concept for molecular and cellular therapy of the nervous system显示文摘 | ARUN PAUL AMAR BERISLAV V ZLOKOVIC MICHAEL L APUZZO | 2003 | Neurosurgery2003，52，： | 1 |
| 20 | Metals, oxida- tive stress and neurodegenerative disorders 显示文摘 | KLAUDIA J DAGMAR V MICHAEL L | 2010 | Molec & Cell Biochem2010，345，12： | 1 |
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