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| 1 | Gastro-duodenal disease in Africa: Literature review and clinical data from Accra, Ghana显示文摘Gastroduodenal disease(GDD)was initially thought to be uncommon in Africa.Amongst others,lack of access to optimal health infrastructure and suspicion of conventional medicine resulted in the reported prevalence of GDD being significantly lower than that in other areas of the world.Following the increasing availability of flexible upper gastro-intestinal endoscopy,it has now become apparent that GDD,especially peptic ulcer disease(PUD),is prevalent across the continent of Africa.Recognised risk factors for gastric cancer(GCA)include Helicobater pylori(H.pylori),diet,Epstein-Barr virus infection and industrial chemical exposure,while those for PUD are H.pylori,non-steroidal antiinflammatory drug(NSAID)-use,smoking and alcohol consumption.Of these,H.pylori is generally accepted to be causally related to the development of atrophic gastritis(AG),intestinal metaplasia(IM),PUD and distal GCA.Here,we perform a systematic review of the patterns of GDD across Africa obtained with endoscopy,and complement the analysis with new data obtained on premalignant gastric his-topathological lesions in Accra,Ghana which was compared with previous data from Maputo,Mozambique.As there is a general lack of structured cohort studies in Africa,we also considered endoscopy-based hospital or tertiary centre studies of symptomatic individuals.In Africa,there is considerable heterogeneity in the prevalence of PUD with no clear geographical patterns.Furthermore,there are differences in PUD within-country despite universally endemic H.pylori infection.PUD is not uncommon in Africa.Most of the African tertiary-centre studies had higher prevalence of PUD when compared with similar studies in western countries.An additional intriguing observation is a recent,ongoing decline in PUD in some African countries where H.pylori infection is still high.One possible reason for the high,sustained prevalence of PUD may be the significant use of NSAIDs in local or over-the-counter preparations.The prevalence of AG and IM,were similar or modestly higher over rates in western countries but lower than those seen in Asia..In our new data,sampling of 136 patients in Accra detected evidence of pre-malignant lesions(AG and/or IM)in 20 individuals(14.7%).Likewise,the prevalence of pre-malignant lesions,in a sample of 109 patients from Maputo,were 8.3%AG and 8.3%IM.While H.pylori is endemic in Africa,the observed prevalence for GCA is rather low.However,cancer data is drawn from country cancer registries that are not comprehensive due to considerable variation in the availability of efficient local cancer reporting systems,diagnostic health facilities and expertise.Validation of cases and their source as well as specificity of outcome definitions are not explicit in most studies further contributing to uncertainty about the precise incidence rates of GCA on the continent.We conclude that evidence is still lacking to support(or not)the African enigma theory due to inconsistencies in the data that indicate a particularly low incidence of GDD in African countries. | Timothy N Archampong Richard H Asmah Cathy J Richards Vicki J Martin Christopher D Bayliss Edília Botao Leonor David Sandra Beleza Carla Carrilho | 2019 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2019，25，26： | 3 |
| 2 | Somatic Embryogenesis in Iberian Grapevine (Vitis vinifera) Cultivars Using Carpels as Initial Explants: Protocol Establishment and Histological Evaluation显示文摘Trincadeira and Aragonez are two important grapevine cultivars in the Iberian Peninsula, used for high quality red wines production. Both cultivars are strongly affected by fungal diseases, with consequent high loses on plant productivity and fruit quality. A successful protocol for plant regeneration via somatic embryogenesis (SE) was established for both cultivars allowing further plant improvement based on gene transfer technology. Several factors were evaluated during the three different phases which characterize an SE plant regeneration protocol. The culture room temperature during the induction phase, a parameter usually accepted as standard by most researchers, proved in these trials to significantly affect the embryo induction rates. Concerning embryo conversion, it was specially affected by the embryo developmental stage, by the intensity and duration of the chilling treatment and by the supplementation of conversion culture medium with activated charcoal. The responses obtained, both for induction and conversion, proved to be highly genotype dependent. Calli structure, as well as embryo integrity, was histologically observed, allowing to characterize embryonic and non-embryonic masses and to identify abnormalities on embryo development. | Hélia Guerra Cardoso Maria Catarina Campos Maria Salomé Pais Augusto Peixe | 2019 | Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(B)2019，9，1： | 2 |
| 3 | Suppression of tumor necrosis factor-induced cell death by inhibitor of apoptosis c - IAP2 is under NF-kappa B control 显示文摘 | Chu Z L Mckinsey T A Lia L Gentry J J Malim M H Ballard D W | 1997 | PNAS1997，94，10： | 1 |
| 4 | The Effect of Element Doping and Heat Treatment on the Impact Resistance of Nd-Fe-B Sintered Magnets 显示文摘 | WangHJ LiA H Guo Y Q | 2008 | Journal of Applied Physics2008，103，07： | 1 |
| 5 | Effect of Si and Cr on stacking fault probability and damping capacity of Fe-Mn alloy显示文摘 | Huang S K Lia N Wen Y H | 2008 | Materials Science and Engineering A2008，479，12： | 1 |
| 6 | Array biosensor for detection of oehratoxin A in cereals and beverages 显示文摘 | Miriam M N Lias C S Martin H M | 2005 | Analytical Chemistry2005，77，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Characterization of Al2O3 ceramic coatings on 6063 aluminum alloy prepared in borate electrolytes by microarc oxidation 显示文摘 | Lia H X Rudnev V S Zheng X H | 2008 | Journal of Alloys and Compounds2008，462，12： | 1 |
| 8 | Hot workability characteristics of magnesiumalloy AZ80A study using processingmap 显示文摘 | ZHOU H LIA Q ZHAO Z L1U Z WEN S WANG Q | 2010 | Materials Science and Engineering A2010，527，： | 1 |
| 9 | Qualitative and quantitative determina-tion of nucleosides,bases and their analogues in natural and culturedCordyceps by pressurized liquid extraction and high performance liquidchromatography-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry(HPLC-ESI-MS/MS)显示文摘 | FAN H LIA S P XIANG J J | 2006 | Analytica Chimica Acta2006，567，： | 1 |
| 10 | A note on the robust stability of neural networks with time delay 显示文摘 | Zhang H Li C Lia o X | 2005 | Chaos Solitons and Fraetals2005，25，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Synthesis of Sm-doped BaTiO3 ceramics and characterization of a secondary phase 显示文摘 | Lia Z C Zhang H Zou X D | 2005 | Materials Science and Engineering B2005，116，： | 1 |
| 12 | Adsorptive removal of 2,4-DCP from water by fresh or regenerated chitosan/ACF/TiO2 membrane显示文摘 | Li F Lia P Zhang H | 2010 | Separation and Purification Technology2010，70，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Effect of nano-micro TiN addition on the microstructure and mechanical properties of TiC based cermets显示文摘 | Liu N Xu Y D Lia H | 2002 | Journal of the European Ceramic Society2002，22，： | 1 |
| 14 | Heavy metal distribution in sediment profiles of the Pearl River estuary, South China显示文摘 | Li X D Onyx W H Wai Y S Lia Bma3- J Colesb Michael H Ramseyb Iain Thornton | 2000 | Applied Geochemistry2000，15，5： | 1 |
| 15 | A new method for deposition of cubic Ta diffusion barrier for Cu metallization显示文摘 | Yuan Z L Zhanga D H Lia C Y | 2003 | Thin Solid Films2003，434，： | 1 |
| 16 | Interfacial reaction of TiO2/NiCuZn ferrites in multilayer composites 显示文摘 | Hsiang H I Lia W C Wang Y J | 2004 | Journal of the European Ceramic Society2004，24，： | 1 |
| 17 | A cost-effective integrated process to convert solid-state fermented sweet sorghum bagasse into cellulosic ethanol 显示文摘 | Yua M H Lia J H Lia S Z | 2014 | Applied Energy2014，115，： | 1 |
| 18 | Isorhapontigenin, a new resveratrol analog, attenuates cardiac hypertrophy via blocking signaling transduction pathways 显示文摘 | H - L Lia A - B Wang Y Huang | 2005 | Free Radical Biology & Medicine2005，38，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Characterization of envi ronmentally friendly nicotine degradation by Pseudomonas putida biotype A strain S16 显示文摘 | Wang S N Lia Z Tang H Z | 2007 | Microbiology2007，153，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Bilateral trade of cultural goods显示文摘 | Anne-Ce'lia Disdier Silvio H T.Tai Lionel Fontagne' Thierry Mayer | | 0，，145： | 1 |
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