| 1 | 马德里一个传染病科的移民结核病流行病学和临床特征显示文摘目的:对西班牙马德里一所三级医院1990年1月—2002年12月就诊的本国出生居民和移民进行结核病患病情况的比较分析。结果:全人群结核病(TB)年发病率从1990年的141/10万降低到2002年的73/10万;但是, TB疫情在移民群体中呈现上升趋势(从1990年的1%上升到2002年的27%),在1 353名移民中诊断TB98例(总的检出率为7.2%)。移民组TB患者的平均年龄30岁(6~77),男性占54%,大部分来自拉丁美洲(55%)和非洲(37%),在抵达西班牙后2年内被诊断的TB占69%。在接受检查的病人中,结核菌素阳性占88%。6%的病人合并艾滋病病毒感染,而本国出生居民组TB患者合并艾滋病病毒感染率为37%(P<0.001)。在2组中,肺结核都是最常见的类型(移民组79%,本国出生居民组80%),痰涂片阳性率不存在差异(分别是70%和75%)。移民组的原发耐药率显著高于本国出生居民组(移民组13%,本国出生居民组<6%,P<0.05)。移民组强化期都采用了四联药方案。总体上,82%的病人治愈,1例病人死于播散性疾病(1%),17例病人的随访数据不全(17%)。结论:移民组TB患病时的临床症状与本国出生居民组相似,但其发病的危险因素与本国出生居民组已知的危险因素不同。由于移民组的高原发耐药率,强化期的治疗应给予四联用药,直至药敏结果出来。 | S.Diz R.López-Vélez A.Moreno J.Fortún L.Moreno E.Gómez-Mampaso E.Navas S.Moreno 赖钰基 何广学 | 2008 | 国际结核病与肺部疾病杂志2008，3，1： | 0 |
| 2 | Anuran forelimb muscle tendinous structures and their relationship with locomotor modes and habitat use显示文摘The interaction between organisms and their environment is central in functional morphology.Differences in habitat usage may imply divergent morphology of locomotor systems;thus,detecting which morphological traits are conservative across lineages and which ones vary under environmental pressure is important in evolutionary studies.We studied internal and external morphology in 28 species of Neotropical anurans.Our aim was to determine if internal morphology(muscle and tendons)shows lower phylogenetic signal than external morphology.In addition,we wanted to know if morphology varies in relation to the habitat use and if there are different functional groups.We found differences in the degree of phylogenetic signal on the groups of traits.Interestingly,postaxial regions of the forelimb are evolutionarily more labile than the preaxial regions.Phylomorphospace plots show that arboreal(jumpers and graspers)and swimmer frogs cluster based on length of fingers and the lack of sesamoid,also reflected by the use of habitat.These functional clusters are also related to phylogeny.Sesamoid and flexor plate dimensions together with digit tendons showed to be important to discriminate functional groups as well as use of habitat classification.Our results allow us to identify a'grasping syndrome'in the hand of these frogs,where palmar sesamoid and flexor plate are absent and a third metacarpal with a bony knob are typical.Thus,a lighter skeleton,long fingers and a prensile hand may be key for arboreality. | Silvia DE OLIVEIRA-LAGOA Felix B.CRUZ Debora L.Moreno AZOCAR Esteban O.LAVILLA Virginia ABDALA | 2019 | Current Zoology2019，65，5： | 0 |
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