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| 1 | Seasonal variations and sources of mass and chemical composition for PM_(10) aerosol in Hangzhou,China显示文摘Aerosol observation was conducted for four seasons from September 2001 to August 2002 at five sampling sites in Hangzhou, South China, on PM10 mass, 22 elements (Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, K, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Cd, Ba, and Pb), 5 major ions (F-, Cl-, NO3-, SO42-, and NH4+), and organic and elemental carbon (OC and EC), showing that PM10 mass ranged from 46.7 to 270.8 g/m3, with an annual average of 119.2 g/m3. Na, Al, Si, S, K, Ca, and Fe were the most abundant elements in PM10, most of S being in the form of SO42-. SO42-, NO3-, and NH4+ were the major ions, which contributed to about 20% of the PM10 mass. The mean seasonal concentrations for SO42-, averaged over all sites, were found to be 18.0, 18.5, 24.7, and 21.4 g/m3, for spring, summer, autumn, and winter, respectively, while the corresponding loadings for NO3- were 7.2, 4.7, 7.1, and 11.2 g/m3, and for NH4+ were 6.0, 5.9, 8.2, and 9.3 g/m3, in the form mostly of NH4NO3 in spring, autumn, and winter, and mostly of (NH4)2SO4 in summer. The low NO3-/SO42-ratio found indicates coal combustion as the major source throughout the year. The mean annual concentrations of OC and EC in PM10 were found to be 21.4, and 4.1 g/m3, respectively. Material balance calculation indicated that fugitive dust, the secondary aerosol, and carbonaceous matter were the most abundant species in PM10 for the four seasons, as is characteristic for cities in South China. | Junji Cao Zhenxing Shen Judith C. Chow Guowei Qi John G. Watson | 2009 | Particuology2009，7，3： | 58 |
| 2 | PM_(2.5)及其测量与影响研究简史显示文摘美国率先建立的国家环境空气质量标准(NAAQS)旨在保护公众健康,而该理念已被包括中国在内的众多国家所采用。针对大气悬浮颗粒物(PM),NAAQS根据PM在仪器检测以及人体吸入时的粒径选择性特征,定义了总悬浮颗粒(TSP)、PM_(10)、PM_(2.5)及其相应的质量浓度标准。这些指标的建立是基于长达300年来颗粒物监测技术发展及其危害评价的结果。因此2012年中国在颁布实施新PM_(2.5)空气质量标准时,PM_(2.5)的监测及评价方面有了更多科学积累与技术选择。本文简要回顾了PM的粒径分布、化学组成、可吸入特征、人体健康效应及空气质量标准等研究简史,根据其他国家的发展经验,提出中国在观测网络设计、测量仪器选择和使用、质量控制和质量保证及监测结果分析等方面需要确立自己独特的行业指南。对于未来空气质量的管理和标准制定,应同时考虑多种污染物及其对公众健康、能见度、气候、材料及生态系统的影响。 | CHOW Judith C 曹军骥 李顺诚 王小亮 WATSON John G | 2012 | 地球环境学报2012，3，5： | 17 |
| 3 | MORPHOLOGY AND ELEMENTAL COMPOSITION OF DUSTFALL PARTICLES INSIDE EMPEROR QIN'S TERRA-COTTA WARRIORS AND HORSES MUSEUM显示文摘Indoor dustfall samples were collected in Pit 1 and Pit 2 of Emperor Qin’s Terra-cotta Warriors and Horses Museum in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China. The morphological and elemental analysis for long-term (>10 years) and short-term (~0.5 year) dustfall particles and lacquer pieces on the faces of partly assembled warriors were performed with scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (SEM/EDX). The results showed that the ma-jority of dustfall samples appeared to be composed of mineral dust particles, fly ash, and biological particles with different elemental compositions. Most of the mineral particles had irregular shapes with smooth edges. Small floccules of calcium sulfate were more frequently observed in long-term dustfall samples than in short-term samples, implying a progressive chemical reaction between continuous dustfall particles and atmospheric sulfur dioxide. Crystals of calcium sulfate were also found near pits on both inner and outer surfaces of lacquer pieces, revealing an acid chemical reaction between sulfur dioxide and lacquer material as the cause of the formation of erosion pits and cracks on surface of lacquer pieces. | Tafeng Hu Xuxiang Li Jungang Dong Bo Rong Zhenxing Shen Junji Cao Shun-Cheng Lee Judith C. Chow John G. Watson | 2006 | China Particuology2006，4，6： | 3 |
| 4 | Descriptive analysis of PM 2.5 and PM 10 at regionally representative locations during SJVAQS/AUSPEX显示文摘 | Judith C. Chow John G. Watson Zhiqiang Lu Douglas H. Lowenthal Clifton A. Frazier Paul A. Solomon Richard H. Thuillier Karen Magliano | 1996 | Atmospheric Environment1996，，12： | 3 |
| 5 | Chemical Characteristics of Carbonaceous Aerosols During Dust Storms over Xi'an in China显示文摘Characterization of carbonaceous aerosols including CC (carbonate carbon), OC (organic carbon), and EC (elemental carbon) were investigated at Xi'an, China, near Asian dust source regions in spring 2002. OC varied between 8.2 and 63.7 μg m-3, while EC ranged between 2.4 and 17.2 μ m-3 during the observation period. OC variations followed a similar pattern to EC and the correlation coeflcient between OC and EC is 0.89 (n=31). The average percentage of total carbon (TC, sum of CC, OC, and EC) in PM2.5 during dust storm (DS) events was 13.6%, which is lower than that during non-dust storm (NDS) periods (22.7%). CC, OC, and EC accounted for 12.9%, 70.7%, and 16.4% of TC during DS events, respectively. The average ratio of OC/EC was 5.0 in DS events and 3.3 in NDS periods. The OC-EC correlation (R2=0.76, n=6) was good in DS events, while it was stronger (R2=0.90, n=25) in NDS periods. The percentage of water-soluble OC (WSOC) in TC accounted for 15.7%, and varied between 13.3% and 22.3% during DS events. The distribution of eight carbon fractions indicated that local emissions such as motor vehicle exhaust were the dominant contributors to carbonaceous particles. During DS events, soil dust dominated the chemical composition, contributing 69% to the PM2.5 mass, followed by organic matter (12.8%), sulfate (4%), EC (2.2%), and chloride (1.6%). Consequently, CC was mainly entrained by Asian dust. However, even in the atmosphere near Asian dust source regions, OC and EC in atmospheric dust were controlled by local emission rather than the transport of Asian dust. | 李旭祥 曹军骥 Judith CHOW 韩永明 李顺诚 John WATSON | 2008 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2008，25，5： | 2 |
| 6 | PM 2.5 chemical source profiles for vehicle exhaust, vegetative burning, geological material, and coal burning in Northwestern Colorado during 1995显示文摘 | John G Watson Judith C Chow James E Houck | 2001 | Chemosphere2001，，8： | 2 |
| 7 | Comparison of four scanning mobility particle sizers at the Fresno Supersite显示文摘Size distributions of ambient aerosols at the Fresno Supersite were measured with four commercially available scanning mobility particle sizers(SMPS) . TSI nano,TSI standard,Grimm,and MSP instruments were collocated at the Fresno Supersite and particle size distributions were measured continuously from August 18 through September 18,2005. For particles with diameters between 10 and 200 nm,differences among hourly-average ambient particle concentrations ranged from 0% between the TSI nano and Grimm in the 30-50 nm size range to 39% between the Grimm and MSP in the 10-30 nm size range. MSP concen-trations were 10-33% lower than those measured with the TSI standard for particles smaller than 200 nm. The TSI nano and TSI standard agreed to within 5% in their overlapping size range(10-84 nm) . The TSI nano and Grimm agreed to within 40% for 5-10 nm particles. | John G. Watson Judith C. Chow David A. Sodeman Douglas H. Lowenthal M.-C. Oliver Chang Kihong Park Xiaoliang Wang | 2011 | Particuology2011，9，3： | 2 |
| 8 | 兵马俑博物馆冬季室内大气悬浮颗粒物与游客数量的关系显示文摘通过对秦始皇兵马俑博物馆铜车马展厅和一号坑室内采集的冬季大气悬浮颗粒物进行单颗粒分析,评价了在具有不同通风条件的两个展厅中,游客数量对大气悬浮颗粒物的影响。研究中采用配备能谱的扫描电子显微镜对单颗粒进行了形貌和元素组成分析,以判断室内悬浮颗粒的来源和化学组成差异,同时监测了两个展厅室内的微环境变化。结果显示,在铜车马展厅室内悬浮颗粒的昼夜质量浓度之比(1.30-3.12),明显高于同期的一号坑(0.96-2.59)和室外(0.68-1.79),表明在铜车马展厅游客数量对颗粒物质量浓度的贡献大于在一号坑内。室内、外对比的结果表明,悬浮颗粒物的质量浓度、粒径分布和颗粒类型等特性,在配备了机械通风设备的铜车马展厅中受游客数量的影响较大,而在自然通风为主的一号坑中,通风条件则成为决定因素。颗粒物组成分析显示,博物馆冬季的室内悬浮颗粒主要由黄土中的矿物颗粒、烟炱等低原子序数的颗粒、硫酸盐、燃煤飞灰和生物质颗粒组成。除烟炱和铝硅酸盐会造成对文物的脏污外,随着温、湿度的波动,硫酸钙的结晶、溶解、渗透和再结晶作用都会产生应力,导致兵马俑表面的风化。 | 胡塔峰 曹军骥 李旭祥 Lee Shun-Cheng Judith C Chow John G Watson 容波 | 2009 | 中国粉体技术2009，15，2： | 2 |
| 9 | Impacts of aerosol compositions on visibility impairment in Xi’an, China显示文摘 | Jun-ji Cao Qi-yuan Wang Judith C. Chow John G. Watson Xue-xi Tie Zhen-xing Shen Ping Wang Zhi-sheng An | 2012 | Atmospheric Environment2012，，： | 2 |
| 10 | Descriptive analysis of PM 2.5 and PM 10 at regionally representative locations during SJVAQS/AUSPEX显示文摘 | Judith C. Chow John G. Watson Zhiqiang Lu Douglas H. Lowenthal Clifton A. Frazier Paul A. Solomon Richard H. Thuillier Karen Magliano | 1996 | Atmospheric Environment1996，，12： | 2 |
| 11 | Air Pollution and Heart Rate Variability Among the Elderly in Mexico City显示文摘 | Fernando Holguín Marta M. Téllez-Rojo Mauricio Hernández Marlene Cortez Judith C. Chow John G. Watson David Mannino Isabelle Romieu | 2003 | Epidemiology2003，，5： | 1 |
| 12 | PM2.5 and PM10 Concentrations from the Qalabotjha Low-Smoke Fuels Macro-Scale Experiment in South Africa显示文摘 | Johann P. Engelbrecht Leon Swanepoel Judith C. Chow John G. Watson Richard T. Egami | 2001 | Environmental Monitoring and Assessment2001，，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Chemical mass balance source apportionment of PM10 during the Southern California air quality study显示文摘 | WASTON J G CHOW Judith C LU Zhiqiang | 1994 | Aerosol Science and Technology1994，21，： | 1 |
| 14 | Seasonal characteristics and regional transport of PM 2.5 in Hong Kong显示文摘 | Peter K.K. Louie John G. Watson Judith C. Chow Antony Chen Della W.M. Sin Alexis K.H. Lau | 2005 | Atmospheric Environment2005，，9： | 1 |
| 15 | Alaboratory resuspension chamber to measure fugitive dust size distribution and chemical compositions显示文摘 | Judith C Chow John G Waston James E Huock | 1994 | Atmos Environ1994，28，21： | 1 |
| 16 | Comparability between PM2.5 and Particle Light Scattering Measurements显示文摘 | Judith C. Chow John G. Watson Douglas H. Lowenthal L. Willard Richards | 2002 | Environmental Monitoring and Assessment2002，，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Evaluation of the thermal/optical reflectance method for discrimination between char- and soot-EC显示文摘 | Yongming Han Junji Cao Judith C. Chow John G. Watson Zhisheng An Zhangdong Jin Kochy Fung Suixin Liu | 2007 | Chemosphere2007，，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Review of volatile organic compound source apportionment by chemical mass balance显示文摘 | John G. Watson Judith C. Chow Eric M. Fujita | 2001 | Atmospheric Environment2001，，9： | 1 |
| 19 | Impacts of aerosol compositions on visibility impairment in Xi’an, China显示文摘 | Jun-ji Cao Qi-yuan Wang Judith C. Chow John G. Watson Xue-xi Tie Zhen-xing Shen Ping Wang Zhi-sheng An | 2012 | Atmospheric Environment2012，，： | 1 |
| 20 | Characteristics of carbonaceous aerosol in Pearl River Delta Region, China during 2001 winter period显示文摘 | J.J Cao S.C Lee K.F Ho X.Y Zhang S.C Zou Kochy Fung Judith C Chow John G Watson | 2003 | Atmospheric Environment2003，，11： | 1 |
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