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| 1 | Sperm DNA fragmentation, recurrent implantation failure and recurrent miscarriage显示文摘证据正在增加精子 DNA 的正直可能也与培植失败和周期性的流产(RM ) 有关。调查这,在有在 vitro 授精,与 RM 诊断的 16 个女人和七位最近的父亲(控制) 列在后面的周期性的培植失败(RIF ) 的 35 个女人的搭挡的精子 DNA 破碎被检验。精子由测试和终端 deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP 刻痕结束标记的精子染色质分散(SCD )(TUNEL ) 是检验密度前和密度以后的 centrifugation 试金。在在三之间的搭挡或精子集中,活动性或形态学组织的任何一个的年龄没有重要差别。而且,在 DNA 破碎由也测量了的精子没有明显的差别测试。不管多么虽然平均在所有的精子 DNA 破碎组织当由 SCD 测试测量了时,在准备精子是统计上更低的,这没从 TUNEL 试金与结果被看见。这些结果不支持精子 DNA 破碎是 RIF 或 RM 的一个重要原因的假设,否则测试的那精子 DNA 正直在如此的病人有价值。它也在从精子 DNA 破碎测试解释数据加亮测试方法论和精子准备方法之间的重要差别。 | Carol Coughlan Helen Clarke Rachel Cutting Jane Saxton Sarah Waite William Ledger Tinchiu Li Allan A Pacey | 2015 | Asian Journal of Andrology2015，17，4： | 17 |
| 2 | 钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白-2抑制剂或胰高血糖素样肽-1受体激动剂治疗成人2型糖尿病:临床实践指南显示文摘临床问题对于存在不同心血管风险及肾脏结局的2型糖尿病患者,在原有生活方式干预和/或其他降糖药物的基础上加用钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2(SGLT-2)抑制剂和胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)受体激动剂的获益及风险是什么?现行做法几十年来,2型糖尿病的治疗决策都以控制血糖为主导。SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1受体激动剂在传统观念中常被用于二甲双胍治疗后血糖仍控制不佳的患者。目前这一现状已经发生了改变,这得益于多项临床研究结果。研究显示SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1受体激动剂拥有独立于药物降糖作用之外的对于动脉粥样硬化性心血管病(CVD)和慢性肾脏病(CKD)的获益。建议本指南阐述了针对不同风险分层的成人2型糖尿病患者使用SGLT-2抑制剂或GLP-1受体激动剂的建议。•伴有3种或更少的心血管风险因素且不存在CVD或CKD:不建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂或GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•伴有3种以上心血管风险因素且不存在CVD或CKD:建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂治疗,不建议启动GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•已经存在CVD或CKD:建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂治疗和GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•已经存在CVD和CKD:建议启动SGLT-2抑制剂治疗(推荐等级:强)和GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)•对于那些想要进一步降低CVD和CKD结局风险的患者:推荐优先启用SGLT-2抑制剂治疗而非GLP-1受体激动剂治疗。(推荐等级:弱)这项指南是如何制订的一个由患者、临床医生和方法学家共同组成的国际小组提出了这些推荐意见。这些推荐意见基于可信度较高的指南的标准,并使用GRADE分级方法进行评估。该小组采用了息者个体化的观点。证据一项关于获益与风险的系统综述和网络meta分析(764项随机对照研究,包括421346例参与者)发现SGLT-2抑制剂和GLP-1受体激动剂可以降低总体死亡率、心肌梗死发生率、终末期肾病或肾衰竭的发生率(中等至高等质量的证据)。在不同的亚组中这些药物对卒中、因心力衰竭所致住院和其他主要不良事件有不同的影响。药物绝对获益的程度因患者个体风险的不同有很大的差异。(例如,对于接受了超过5年药物治疗的1000例患者,在最低风险人群中死亡人数减少了5人,在最高风险人群中死亡人数减少了48人)。一项关于预后的综述确认了14种风险预测模型,其中一种(RECODe)在证据总结中报告了大部分基线风险评估数据,小组利用该模型以支持风险分层的建议。考虑到患者的价值观及个体差异,指南推荐的支撑证据包括一项对已发表论文的系统综述、一项患者焦点小组研究、一项临床问题总结,以及一项指南调查。指南解读我们依据不同的CVD和CKD风险水平,综合考虑获益、风险和其他因素的平衡,以及每一个风险组别的实际问题,来对推荐意见进行分层。本指南强烈建议CVD和CKD患者使用SGLT-2抑制剂治疗,这说明专家组认为其具有显著的获益。而对于其他成人2型糖尿病患者,推荐等级较弱,这说明专家组想要在获益、风险及治疗花费上取得一个更好的平衡。临床医生通过该指南可以使用可靠的风险计算模型,如RECODe,来明确其患者的个体心血管和肾脏疾病风险。医患交互式总结临床证据和制订决策有助于患者知晓治疗选择,包括进行共同决策。2型糖尿病人群(全球患病率不断增长1-2)正面临着不断增加的心血管疾病、肾脏病和其他并发症的风险3。数十年来,2型糖尿病的管理始终以控制血糖及糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)为治疗目标4-5,但是,最近的高质量随机对照研究已经对这种以血糖为中心的治疗模式发起了挑战。研究结果显示,强化血糖控制未必会降低大血管不良事件,它还可能带来不利影响监管机构现在要求新型糖尿病药物必须证明其具有心血管和肾脏获益才能获得批准。对两类新药--钠-葡萄糖共转运蛋白2(SGLT-2)抑制剂和胰高血糖素样肽1(GLP-1)受体激动剂(见框图1)的临床试验结果显示,在现有治疗方案(常规治疗)之上加用这些药物,对死亡、心肌梗死、卒中、心力衰竭和肾脏的结局(如进展为终末期肾病)都有获益8-12。 | Sheyu Li Per Olav Vandvik Lyubov Lytvyn Gordon H Guyatt Suetonia C Palmer Rene Rodriguez-Gutierrez Farid Foroutan Thomas Agoritsas Reed A C Siemieniuk Michael Walsh Lawrie Frere David J Tunnicliffe Evi V Nagler Veena Manja Bjφrn Olav Asvold Vivekanand Jha Mieke Vermandere Karim Gariani Qian Zhao Yan Ren Emma Jane Cartwright Patrick Gee Alan Wickes Linda Fems Robin Wright Ling Li Qiukui Hao Reem A Mustafa 无 郭鹤鸣(译) | 2021 | 英国医学杂志中文版2021，24，9： | 7 |
| 3 | 中、低收入国家卫生智囊团的实践影响政策变化显示文摘近年来,中、低收入国家独立卫生政策研究机构的数量与日俱增,原因在于政府研究能力有限和民主化进程中的压力。本研究的目标是:(1)调查中﹑低收入国家中卫生政策研究机构对卫生政策的议程设置﹑制定﹑执行、监管和评估所作的贡献;(2)评估包括组织形式和结构在内的哪些因素支持中﹑低收入国家的卫生政策研究机构对卫生政策发挥积极作用。本研究在孟加拉﹑加纳﹑印度﹑南非﹑乌干达和越南选取了6家卫生政策研究机构开展案例研究,研究对象包括两个非政府组织、两所大学和两个政府办政策研究机构。案例研究通过文献查阅、财务信息分析、对工作人员和其他利益相关人员进行半结构式访谈,以及对结论草案进行多次反馈等方式开展。其中有些机构对他们各自国家的政策发展作出了巨大贡献。这些机构都积极建言献策,多数从事与政策相关的研究,而开展政治对话﹑系统评价或委托性研究的机构则相对较少。这些机构所开展的工作大多以政府或出资人的需求为导向,多数机构的主要成果一般为研究报告,经常与面向政府官员的口头汇报相结合。在支持对政策的有效参与方面,有几个关键因素,其中包括支持性的政策环境﹑管理和财务的相对独立性,以及与决策者建立可增进信任和影响的密切关系。当研究机构与政府之间的正式关系未处在重要位置时,政府内部单位则面临相当大的困难。 | Sara Bennett Adrijana Corluka Jane Doherty Viroj Tangcharoensathlen Walaiporn Patcharanarumol Amar Jesani Joseph Kyabaggu Grace Namaganda A M Zakir Hussain Ama de-Graft Aikins | 2012 | 中国卫生政策研究2012，5，8： | 6 |
| 4 | Polymorphisms in NF-κB,PXR,LXR,PPARγ and risk of inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘AIM:To investigate the contribution of polymorphisms in nuclear receptors to risk of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) . METHODS:Genotypes of nuclear factor(NF) -κB(NFKB1) NFκB-94ins/del(rs28362491) ;peroxisome proliferatoractivated receptor(PPAR) -γ(PPARγ) PPARγPro12Ala(rs1801282) and C1431T(rs 3856806) ;pregnane X receptor(PXR) (NR1I2) PXR A-24381C(rs1523127) ,C8055T(2276707) ,and A7635G(rs 6785049) ;and liver X receptor(LXR) (NR1H2) LXR T-rs1405655-C and T-rs2695121-C were assessed in a Danish case-control study of 327 Crohn's disease patients,495 ulcerative colitis(UC) patients,and 779 healthy controls.Odds ratio(OR) and 95%CI were estimated by logistic regression models. RESULTS:The PXR A7635G variant,the PPARγPro12Ala and LXR T-rs2695121-C homozygous variant genotypes were associated with risk of UC(OR:1.31,95% CI:1.03-1.66,P=0.03,OR:2.30,95%CI:1.04-5.08,P=0.04,and OR:1.41,95%CI:1.00-1.98,P=0.05,respectively) compared to the corresponding homozygous wild-type genotypes.Among never smokers,PXR A7635G and the LXR T-rs1405655-C and T-rs2695121-C variant genotypes were associated with risk of IBD(OR:1.41,95%CI:1.05-1.91,P=0.02,OR:1.63,95%CI:1.21-2.20,P=0.001,and OR:2.02,95%CI:1.36-2.99,P=0.0005,respectively) compared to the respective homozygous variant genotypes.PXR A7635G(rs6785049) variant genotype was associated with a higher risk of UC diagnosis before the age of 40 years and with a higher risk of extensive disease(OR:1.34,95%CI:1.03-1.75 and OR:2.49,95%CI:1.24-5.03,respectively) . CONCLUSION:Common PXR and LXR polymorphisms may contribute to risk of IBD,especially among never smokers. | Vibeke Andersen Jane Christensen Anja Ernst Bent A Jacobsen Anne Tjφnneland Henrik B Krarup Ulla Vogel | 2011 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2011，17，2： | 4 |
| 5 | Outcomes and patients' perspectives of transition from paediatric to adult care in inflammatory bowel disease显示文摘AIM: To describe the disease and psychosocialoutcomes of an inflammatory bowel disease(IBD) transition cohort and their perspectives.METHODS: Patients with IBD, aged > 18 years, who had moved from paediatric to adult care within 10 years were identified through IBD databases at three tertiary hospitals. Participants were surveyed regarding demographic and disease specific data and their perspectives on the transition process. Survey response data were compared to contemporaneously recorded information in paediatric service case notes. Data were compared to a similar age cohort who had never received paediatric IBD care and therefore who had not undergone a transition process. RESULTS: There were 81 returned surveys from 46 transition and 35 non-transition patients. No statistically significant differences were found in disease burden, disease outcomes or adult roles and responsibilities between cohorts. Despite a high prevalence of mood disturbance(35%), there was a very low usage(5%) of psychological services in both cohorts. In the transition cohort, knowledge of their transition plan was reported by only 25/46 patients and the majority(54%) felt they were not strongly prepared. A high rate(78%) of discussion about work/study plans was recorded prior to transition, but a near complete absence of discussion regarding sex(8%), and other adult issues was recorded. Both cohorts agreed that their preferred method of future transition practices(of the options offered) was a shared clinic appointment with all key stakeholders. CONCLUSION: Transition did not appear to adversely affect disease or psychosocial outcomes. Current transition care processes could be optimised, with better psychosocial preparation and agreed transition plans. | Alice L Bennett David Moore Peter A Bampton Robert V Bryant Jane M Andrews | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，8： | 3 |
| 6 | Entry of hepatitis B and C viruses — recent progress and future impact显示文摘 | Thomas F Baumert Luke Meredith Yi Ni Daniel J Felmlee Jane A McKeating Stephan Urban | 2013 | Current Opinion in Virology2013，，： | 3 |
| 7 | Testing for HCV Infection: An Update of Guidance for Clinicians and Laboratorians显示文摘 | Getchell Jane P Wroblewski Kelly E DeMaria Alfred Bean Christine L Parker Monica M Pandori Mark Dufour D Robert Busch Michael P Brecher Mark E Meyer William A Pesano Rick L Teo Chong-Gee Beckett Geoffrey A Araujo Aufra C Branson Bernard M D | 2013 | MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report2013，，18： | 3 |
| 8 | Repeat endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography after failed initial precut sphincterotomy for biliary cannulation显示文摘AIM: To investigate the outcome of repeating endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreaticography(ERCP) after initially failed precut sphincterotomy to achieve biliary cannulation.METHODS: In this retrospective study, consecutive ERCPs performed between January 2009 and September 2012 were included. Data from our endoscopy and radiology reporting databases were analysed for use of precut sphincterotomy, biliary access rate, repeat ERCP rate and complications. Patients with initially failed precut sphincterotomy were identified.RESULTS: From 1839 consecutive ERCPs, 187(10%) patients underwent a precut sphincterotomy during the initial ERCP in attempts to cannulate a native papilla. The initial precut was successful in 79/187(42%). ERCP was repeated in 89/108(82%) of patients with failed initial precut sphincterotomy after a median interval of 4 d, leading to successful biliary cannulation in 69/89(78%). In 5 patients a third ERCP was attempted(successful in 4 cases). Overall, repeat ERCP after failed precut at the index ERCP was successful in 73/89 patients(82%). Complications after precut-sphincterotomy were observed in 32/187(17%) patients including pancreatitis(13%), retroperitoneal perforations(1%), biliary sepsis(0.5%) and haemorrhage(3%).CONCLUSION: The high success rate of biliary cannulation in a second attempt ERCP justifies repeating ERCP within 2-7 d after unsuccessful precut sphincterotomy before more invasive approaches should be considered. | Michael Pavlides Ashley Barnabas Nilesh Fernandopulle Adam A Bailey Jane Collier Jane Phillips-Hughes Anthony Ellis Roger Chapman Barbara Braden | 2014 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2014，20，36： | 3 |
| 9 | Differing profiles of people diagnosed with acute and chronic hepatitis B virus infection in British Columbia,Canada显示文摘AIM To describe the characteristics of people diagnosed with acute and chronic hepatitis B virus(HBV) infection in British Columbia(BC).METHODS We used data from the BC Hepatitis Testers Cohort(BCHTC),which includes all individuals tested for hepatitis C virus(HCV) or human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) or those diagnosed with HBV or active tuberculosis in BC since 1990.These data were integrated with prescription drug,medical visit,hospitalization and mortality data.HBV cases were classified as acute or chronic according to provincial guidelines.We compared characteristics of individuals by HBV infection group(acute,chronic and negative).Factors associated with acute or chronic HBV infection were assessed with multinomial logistic regression models in comparison to the HBV negative group.RESULTS46498 of the 1058056 eligible BC-HTC participants were diagnosed with HBV infection.4.3% of HBV positive individuals were diagnosed with acute HBV infections while 95.7% had chronic infections.Problematic alcohol use,injection drug use,and HIV or HCV co-infection were more common among individuals diagnosed with acute HBV compared to those with chronic infections and HBV negative individuals.In multivariable multinomial logistic regression models,we observed significant associations between acute or chronic HBV diagnosis and being male,age at HBV diagnosis or birth cohort,South and East Asian ethnicity,HCV or HIV infection,and injection drug use.The odds of acute HBV decreased with increasing age among people who inject drugs,while the opposite was true for chronic HBV.Persons with acute HBV were predominantly White(78%) while those with chronic HBV were mostly East Asian(60%).Relative to Whites,East Asians had 12 times greater odds of being diagnosed with chronic HBV infection.These odds increased with increasing socioeconomic deprivation.CONCLUSION Differences in the profiles of people diagnosed with acute and chronic HBV infection necessitate differentiated screening,prevention,care and treatment programs. | Mawuena Binka Zahid A Butt Stanley Wong Mei Chong Jane A Buxton Nuria Chapinal Amanda Yu Maria Alvarez Maryam Darvishian Jason Wong Gina McGowan Mikhail Torban Mark Gilbert Mark Tyndall Mel Krajden Naveed Z Janjua | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，11： | 3 |
| 10 | Radiation exposure from CT scans in childhood and subsequent risk of leukaemia and brain tumours: a retrospective cohort study显示文摘 | Mark S Pearce Jane A Salotti Mark P Little Kieran McHugh Choonsik Lee Kwang Pyo Kim Nicola L Howe Cecile M Ronckers Preetha Rajaraman Alan W Craft Louise Parker Amy Berrington de González | 2012 | The Lancet . 2012 (9840)2012，，： | 3 |
| 11 | B lymphocytes regulate airway granulocytic inflammation and cytokine production in a murine model of fungal allergic asthma显示文摘到真菌的促进感受性经常导致是特别地困难的临床上设法的气喘的一种严重形式,导致在这些病人的增加的病态和住院。尽管 B 淋巴细胞可能通过 IgE 的生产加重气喘症状,这些房间可能也在对吸入的真菌的保护的反应是重要的。通过 cytokine 版本和 T 房间相互作用,这些淋巴细胞可能也影响航线墙纤维变性的发展和维护。J H −/− 老鼠为抗体的重链部件缺乏 JH 基因,它为 B 房间功能和幸存是批评的。这些动物在很多有免疫力的回答便于 B 淋巴细胞的角色的说明;然而, J H −/− 老鼠没被用来学习真菌的过敏症。在这研究,我们用曲霉属菌 fumigatus 检验了 B 淋巴细胞的角色模仿被环境真菌的暴露触发的人的航线疾病的鼠科的真菌的高空过敏症模型。我们在敏化的野类型的 BALB/c 和 J 暴露于的 H −/− 老鼠重复了真菌的暴露并且没在大航线附近在航线 hyperresponsiveness,全面肺的发炎或骨胶原免职发现差别。然而, Th2 类型 cytokines IL-4 和 IL-13 的层次显著地在 J 相对 BALB/c 控制的 H −/− 鼠标。由对比,煽动性的 cytokines IL-17A 和 IL-6 的层次显著地在 J H −/− 动物,并且有显著地更柔韧的航线嗜曙红血球过多和 neutrophilia 比在控制动物。一起拿,这些调查结果表明淋巴细胞帮助在肺的分隔空间调整 granulocytic 回答到真菌的暴露的那 B。 | Sumit Ghosh Scott A Hoselton Scott V Asbach Breanne N Steffan Steve B Wanjara Glenn P Dorsam Jane M Schuh | 2015 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology2015，12，2： | 2 |
| 12 | Biliary atresia显示文摘 | Jane L Hartley Mark Davenport Deirdre A Kelly | 2009 | The Lancet . 2009 (9702)2009，，： | 2 |
| 13 | IL 28 B genotype is not useful for predicting treatment outcome in A sian chronic hepatitis B patients treated with pegylated interferon‐α显示文摘 | Jacinta A Holmes Tin Nguyen Dilip Ratnam Neel M Heerasing Jane V Tehan Sara Bonanzinga Anouk Dev Sally Bell Stephen Pianko Robert Chen Kumar Visvanathan Rachel Hammond David Iser Ferry Rusli William Sievert Paul V Desmond D Scott Bowden Alexander J Thomps | 2013 | J Gastroenterol Hepatol2013，，5： | 2 |
| 14 | Biliary atresia显示文摘 | Jane L Hartley Mark Davenport Deirdre A Kelly | 2009 | 2009 (9702)2009，，9702： | 2 |
| 15 | 预防性植入合成补片在腹腔镜造口术中的应用显示文摘目的探究腹腔镜造口术中预防性应用补片的效果。方法将腹腔镜乙状结肠造口术中预防性地在腹膜外植入大孔径、轻量型补片的病例纳入研究。术后随访至少12个月。结果 2003-2007年共有25例病人接受了乙状结肠造口术。平均年龄为65(31~89)岁,BMI平均为26(21~32),其中15例为女性。术后1例病人发生造口坏死,2例发生轻度切口感染。在所有接受随访的20例中(平均随访时间19个月,11~31个月),有3例(15%)发生了造口旁疝。无术后瘘管形成和造口狭窄,也未发生补片感染和再次手术移除补片的情况。结论在腹腔镜造口术中预防性地在腹膜外植入大网孔、轻量型补片是简单安全的操作,并且能有效降低术后造口旁疝的发生率。 | Janson AR Janes A Israelsson LA | 2011 | 中国实用外科杂志2011，31，8： | 2 |
| 16 | Ceil contact as an independent factor moduletating cardiac myocytes hypertrophy and survival in long-term primary culture显示文摘 | Clark W A Decker M L Janes D M | 1998 | J Mol Cell Cardiol1998，30，： | 1 |
| 17 | Molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance and associated diseases显示文摘 | Mlinar B Marc J Jane A | 2007 | Clin Chim Acta2007，375，12： | 1 |
| 18 | Changes oflipid composition and saturation level in leaves and rootsfor heat-stressed and heat-acclimated creeping bent-grass显示文摘 | JANE L A RKINDA L E HUANG B R | 2004 | Environmental and Experimental Botany2004，51，： | 1 |
| 19 | Alanine Catabolism in Klebsiella aerogenes: Molecular Characterization of the dadAB Operon and Its Regulation by the Nitrogen Assimilation Control Protein显示文摘 | Brian K Janes Robert A Bender | 1998 | Journal of Bacteriology1998，180，3： | 1 |
| 20 | Preventing parastomal hernia with a prosthetic mesh: a 5-year follow-up of a randomized study 显示文摘 | Janes A Cengiz Y Israelsson LA | 2009 | World J Surg2009，33，1： | 1 |
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