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| 1 | Comparison of ultrasound-measured properties of the common carotid artery to tobacco smoke exposure in a cohort of Indonesian patients显示文摘BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to use point-of-care ultrasound(POCUS) to investigate the relationship between tobacco smoke exposure and the characteristics of the common carotid artery(CCA). The effect of both primary and secondary smoking on CCA properties was evaluated.METHODS: We performed a prospective cross-sectional study across 20 primary care clinics in Bandung, West Java, Indonesia in July 2016. Point of care ultrasound was performed on a convenience sample of Indonesian patients presenting to clinic. The CCA wall stiffness and carotid intima-media thickness(CIMT) were measured during diastole and systole. These measurements were correlated with smoke exposure and cardiovascular disease.RESULTS: We enrolled 663 patients in the study, with 426 patients enrolled in the smoking category and 237 patients enrolled in the second-hand smoke category. There was an overall positive correlation with the measured lifestyle factors and the ultrasound-measured variables in the group of individuals who smoked. For all variables, age seemed to contribute the most out of all of the lifestyle factors for the positive changes in CIMT and CCA wall stiffness.CONCLUSION: Our data yielded correlations between CCA properties and cardiovascular risk, as well as between CIMT and arterial stiffness. We were also able to demonstrate an increase in thickness of the CIMT in patients who have been exposed by tobacco through the use of ultrasound. Further large scale studies comparing patients with multiple cardiac risk factors need to be performed to confi rm the utility of ultrasound fi ndings of cardiovascular disease and stroke. | Allen R.Yu Bima Hasjim Luke E.Yu Christopher Gabriel Alexander Anshus Jonathan B.Lee Michael J. Louthan Esther C.Kim Katrina Lee Christina Tse Thomas Keown Shadi Lahham Maili Alvarado Steven Bunch Abdulatif Gari J.Christian Fox | 2017 | World Journal of Emergency Medicine2017，8，3： | 2 |
| 2 | TEMPS-A: validation of a short version of a self-rated instrument designed to measure variations in temperament显示文摘 | Hagop S. Akiskal Mauro V. Mendlowicz Girardin Jean-Louis Mark H. Rapaport John R. Kelsoe J.Christian Gillin Tom L. Smith | 2003 | Journal of Affective Disorders2003，，1： | 1 |
| 3 | A Sticky Situation显示文摘 | MarkFriedman KartikyaAhuja Ann J.Christian Cynthia C.Taub | 2010 | Echocardiography2010，，： | 1 |
| 4 | Event-Based Semantics of UML 2.X Concurrent Sequence Diagrams for Formal Verification显示文摘UML 2.X sequence diagrams(SD)are among privileged scenarios-based approaches dealing with the complexity of modeling the behaviors of some current systems.However,there are several issues related to the standard semantics of UML 2.X SD proposed by the Object Management Group(OMG).They mainly concern ambiguities of the interpretation of SDs,and the computation of causal relations between events which is not specifically laid out.Moreover,SD is a semi-formal language,and it does not support the verification of the modeled system.This justifies the considerable number of research studies intending to define formal semantics of UML SDs.We proposed in our previous work semantics covering the most popular combined fragments(CF)of control-flow ALT,OPT,LOOP and SEQ,allowing to model alternative,optional,iterative and sequential behaviors respectively.The proposed semantics is based on partial order theory relations that permit the computation of the precedence relations between the events of an SD with nested CFs.We also addressed the issue of the evaluation of the interaction constraint(guard)for guarded CFs,and the related synchronization issue.In this paper,we first extend our semantics,proposed in our previous work;indeed,we propose new rules for the computation of causal relations for SD with PAR and STRICT CFs(dedicated to modeling concurrent and strict behaviors respectively)as well as their nesting.Then,we propose a transformational semantics in Event-B.Our modeling approach emphasizes computation of causal relations,guard handling and transformational semantics into Event-B.The transformation of UML 2.X SD into the formal method Event-B allows us to perform several kinds of verification including simulation,trace acceptance,verification of properties,and verification of refinement relation between SDs. | Inès Mouakher Fatma Dhaou J.Christian Attiogbé | 2022 | Journal of Computer Science & Technology2022，37，1： | 1 |
| 5 | The redshift distribution of BL Lacs and FSRQs显示文摘Flat spectrum radio quasars(FSRQs) and BL Lacertae objects(BL Lacs) are powerful jet producing active galactic nuclei associated with supermassive black holes accreting at high and low Eddington rates, respectively. Based on the Millennium Simulation, Gardner & Done have predicted their redshift distribution by appealing to ideas from the spin paradigm in a way that exposes a need for a deeper discussion on three interrelated issues:(1) an overprediction of BL Lacs compared to FSRQs;(2) a difference in FSRQ and BL Lac distributions;(3) a need for powerful but different jets at separated cosmic times. Beginning with Gardner & Done's determination of Fermi observable FSRQs based on the distribution of thermal accretion across cosmic time from the Millennium Simulation, we connect FSRQs to BL Lacs by way of the gap paradigm for black hole accretion and jet formation to address the above issues in a unified way. We identify a physical constraint in the paradigm for the numbers of BL Lacs that naturally leads to separate peaks in time for different albeit powerful jets. In addition, we both identify as puzzling and ascribe physical significance to a tail end in the BL Lac curve versus redshift that is unseen in the redshift distribution for FSRQs. | David Garofalo Chandra B.Singh Dylan T.Walsh Damian J.Christian Andrew M.Jones Alexa Zack Brandt Webster Matthew I.Kim | 2019 | Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics2019，19，1： | 0 |
| 6 | Multi-wavelength observations of the 2014 June 11 M3.9 flare: temporal and spatial characteristics显示文摘We present multi-wavelength observations of an M-class flare(M3.9) that occurred on 2014 June 11.Our observations were conducted with the Dunn Solar Telescope(DST),employing adaptive optics,the multi-camera system Rapid Oscillations in Solar Atmosphere(ROSA),the new Hydrogen-Alpha Rapid Dynamics camera(HARDcam) in various wavelengths,such as Ca II K,Mg I b2(at 5172.7 A),and Hα narrow band and G-band continuum filters.Images were re-constructed using the Kiepenheuer-Institut Speckle Interferometry Package(KISIP) code,to improve our image resolution.We observed intensity increases of ≈120%–150% in the Mg,Ca K and Hα narrow band filters during the flare.Intensity increases for the flare observed in the SDO EUV channels were several times larger,and the X-rays,as recorded by GOES,increased over a factor of 30 for the harder band.Only a modest delay was found between the onset of flare ribbons of a nearby sympathetic flare and the main flare ribbons observed in these narrow band filters.The peak flare emission occurred within a few seconds for the Ca K,Mg and Hα bands.Timedistance techniques indicate propagation velocities of ≈60 km s^-1 for the main flare ribbon and as high as300 km s^-1 for smaller regions,which we attribute to filament eruptions.This result and delays and velocities observed with SDO(≈100 km s^-1) for different coronal heights agree well with the simple model of energy propagation versus height,although a more detailed model for the flaring solar atmosphere is needed.Finally,we detected marginal quasi-periodic pulsations(QPPs) in the 40–60 s range for the Ca K,Mg and Hα bands,and such measurements are important for disentangling the detailed flare-physics. | Damian J.Christian David Kuridze David B.Jess Menoa Yousefi Mihalis Mathioudakis | 2019 | Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics2019，19，7： | 0 |
| 7 | Can active late-type stars contribute to the Galactic lithium abundance?显示文摘Lithium abundances in our Galaxy and especially 6 Li abundances provide important constraints on our understanding of Big Bang Nucleosynthesis(BBNS),stellar evolution and the creation of light elements by cosmic rays in the ISM.~6 Li has been detected in energetic solar events,one chromospherically active binary and several dwarf halo stars.Continuing our work on active late-type stars with high lithium abundances,we expand our study to consider if the flare origin of lithium created by spallation can contribute significantly to the Galactic abundance of lithium.We previously derived ~6 Li/~7 Li=0.030 ± 0.010 for active K dwarf GJ 117 using VLT UVES observations.We find^6 Li/~7 Li ratios of 0.02 and 0.10 for two other stars in our sample,GJ 182 and EUVE J1145-55.3 A,respectively.Considering that these later type,active stars have significant flare rates and stellar winds,we have estimated the contribution of these stars to the Galactic lithium abundance.Given that K and M stars comprise over 84% of our Galaxy and that many of these can have significant stellar winds,we conclude that spallation in stellar flares can contribute 1% and up to 5% of the Galactic lithium abundance. | Darnell E.Kelly Damian J.Christian Mihalis Mathioudakis Darko Jevremovi′c | 2020 | Research in Astronomy and Astrophysics2020，20，7： | 0 |
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