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| 1 | Anthropogenic emission inventories in China:a review显示文摘The development of reliable anthropogenic emission inventories is essential for both understanding the sources of air pollution and designing effective air-pollution-control measures in China. However, it is challenging to quantify emissions in China accurately, given the variety of contributing sources, the complexity of the technology mix and the lack of reliable measurements. Over the last two decades,tremendous efforts have been made to improve the accuracy of emission inventories, and significant improvements have been realized. More reliable statistics and survey-based data have been used to reduce the uncertainties in activity rates and technology distributions. Local emission factors and source profiles covering various sources have been measured and reported. Based on these local databases, improved emission inventory models have been developed for power plants, large industrial plants and the residential,transportation and agricultural sectors. In this paper, we review the progress that has been made in developing inventories of anthropogenic emissions in China. We first highlight the major updates that have been made to emission inventory models and the underlying data by source category. We then summarize the sector-based estimates of emissions of different species contained in current inventories. The progress that has been made in the development of model-ready emissions is also presented. Finally, we suggest future directions for further improving the accuracy of emission inventories in China. | Meng Li Huan Liu Guannan Geng Chaopeng Hong Fei Liu Yu Song Dan Tong Bo Zheng Hongyang Cui Hanyang Man Qiang Zhang Kebin He | 2017 | National Science Review2017，4，6： | 100 |
| 2 | Satellite remote sensing of changes in NO_x emissions over China during 1996-2010显示文摘Satellite derived NO2 column data have been used to study Chinese national fossil fuel consumption and pollutant emissions.Based on NO 2 retrievals from two satellites (GOME and SCIAMACHY) for 1996-2010,we analyzed the characteristics and evolution of regional pollution related to NO x emissions in China.Satellite observations indicated that the highly polluted regions were expanding.Anthropogenic emission dominated areas have expanded from the east to central and western China,and new highly polluted regions have formed throughout the nation.Bottom-up emission estimates suggested a 133% increase in anthropogenic NOx emissions in East Central China during 1996 to 2010,which was lower than the 184% increase of the NO2 columns measured by the satellites.We found that growth rates of NOx emissions have slowed in Chinese megacities over recent years,in contrast to which,the NOx emissions were soaring in medium-sized cities,indicating that strict controls of NOx emissions from coal-fired facilities are required in China. | ZHANG Qiang GENG GuanNan WANG SiWen RICHTER Andreas HE KeBin | 2012 | Chinese Science Bulletin2012，57，22： | 43 |
| 3 | Air pollution characteristics and their relationship with emissions and meteorology in the Yangtze River Delta region during 2014–2016显示文摘With rapid economic growth and urbanization, the Yangtze River Delta(YRD) region in China has experienced serious air pollution challenges. In this study, we analyzed the air pollution characteristics and their relationship with emissions and meteorology in the YRD region during 2014–2016. In recent years, the concentrations of all air pollutants, except O3,decreased. Spatially, the PM2.5, PM10, SO2, and CO concentrations were higher in the northern YRD region, and NO2 and O3 were higher in the central YRD region. Based on the number of non-attainment days(i.e., days with air quality index greater than 100), PM2.5 was the largest contributor to air pollution in the YRD region, followed by O3, PM10, and NO2.However, particulate matter pollution has declined gradually, while O3 pollution worsened.Meteorological conditions mainly influenced day-to-day variations in pollutant concentrations. PM2.5 concentration was inversely related to wind speed, while O3 concentration was positively correlated with temperature and negatively correlated with relative humidity.The air quality improvement in recent years was mainly attributed to emission reductions.During 2014–2016, PM2.5, PM10, SO2, NOx, CO, NH3, and volatile organic compound(VOC)emissions in the YRD region were reduced by 26.3%, 29.2%, 32.4%, 8.1%, 15.9%, 4.5%, and0.3%, respectively. Regional transport also contributed to the air pollution. During regional haze periods, pollutants from North China and East China aggravated the pollution in the YRD region. Our findings suggest that emission reduction and regional joint prevention and control helped to improve the air quality in the YRD region. | Tao Ma Fengkui Duan Kebin He Yu Qin Dan Tong Guannan Geng Xuyan Liu Hui Li Shuo Yang Siqi Ye Beiyao Xu Qiang Zhang Yongliang Ma | 2019 | Journal of Environmental Sciences2019，31，9： | 26 |
| 4 | Pathways of China's PM;air quality 2015–2060 in the context of carbon neutrality显示文摘Clean air policies in China have substantially reduced particulate matter(PM;) air pollution in recent years,primarily by curbing end-of-pipe emissions.However,reaching the level of the World Health Organization(WHO) guidelines may instead depend upon the air quality co-benefits of ambitious climate action.Here,we assess pathways of Chinese PM;air quality from 2015 to 2060 under a combination of scenarios that link global and Chinese climate mitigation pathways(i.e.global 2℃-and 1.5℃-pathways,National Determined Contributions(NDC) pledges and carbon neutrality goals) to local clean air policies.We find that China can achieve both its near-term climate goals(peak emissions) and PM;air quality annual standard(35 μg/m;) by 2030 by fulfilling its NDC pledges and continuing air pollution control policies.However,the benefits of end-of-pipe control reductions are mostly exhausted by 2030,and reducing PM;exposure of the majority of the Chinese population to below 10 μg/m;by 2060 will likely require more ambitious climate mitigation efforts such as China’ s carbon neutrality goals and global1.5℃-pathways.Our results thus highlight that China’s carbon neutrality goals will play a critical role in reducing air pollution exposure to the level of the WHO guidelines and protecting public health. | Jing Cheng Dan Tong Qiang Zhang Yang Liu Yu Lei Gang Yan Liu Yan Sha Yu Ryna Yiyun Cui Leon Clarke Guannan Geng Bo Zheng Xiaoye Zhang Steven JDavis Kebin He | 2021 | National Science Review2021，8，12： | 23 |
| 5 | Rapid improvement of PM2.5 pollution and associated health benefits in China during 2013–2017显示文摘Exposure to fine particulate matter(PM2.5)is known to harm public health.In China,after implementation of aggressive emissions control measures under the Action Plan of Air Pollution Prevention and Control(2013-2017),air quality has significantly improved.In this work,we investigated changes in PM2.5 exposure and the associated health impacts in China for the period 2013-2017.We used an optimal estimator of PM2.5 combining in-situ observations,satellite measurements,and simulations from a chemical transport model to derive the spatial and temporal variations in PM2.5 exposure,and then used welldeveloped exposure-response functions to estimate the premature deaths attributable to PM2.5 exposure.We found that national population-weighed annual mean PM2.5 concentrations decreased from 67.4μgm-3 in 2013 to 45.5μgm-3 in 2017(32%reduction).This rapid decrease in PM2.5 pollution led to a 14%reduction in premature deaths due to long-term exposure.We estimated that,during 2013-2017,the premature deaths attributable to long-term PM2.5 exposure decreased from 1.2 million(95%CI:1.0,1.3;fraction of total mortality:13%)in 2013 to 1.0 million(95%CI:0.9,1.2;10%)in 2017.Despite the rapid decrease in annual mean PM2.5 concentrations,health benefits associated with reduced long-term exposure were limited,because for many cities,the PM2.5 levels remain at the portion where the exposure-response function is less steeper than that at the lowconcentration end.We also found that the deaths associated with acute exposure decreased by 61%during 2013-2017 due to rapid reduction in the number of heavily polluted days.Our results confirm that clean air policies in China have mitigated the air pollution crisis;however,continuous emissions reduction efforts are required to protect citizens from air pollution. | Tao XUE Jun LIU Qiang ZHANG Guannan GENG Yixuan ZHENG Dan TONG Zhu LIU Dabo GUAN Yu BO Tong ZHU Kebin HE Jiming HAO | 2019 | Science China Earth Sciences2019，62，12： | 17 |
| 6 | Impact of China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on PM2.5 chemical composition over eastern China显示文摘China promulgated the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan(the Action Plan)in 2013 and developed stringent control measures to mitigate fine particulate matter(PM2.5) pollution.Here,we investigated the PM2.5 chemical composition changes over eastern China associated with the Action Plan during 2013-2017 using satellite-based PM2.5 chemical composition data derived using CMAQ simulations and satellite inputs.The PM2.5 concentrations decreased considerably during this time as a result of the reductions in all chemical species in PM2.5.The population-weighted mean concentrations over eastern China decreased from 11.1 to 6.7μgm-3 for SO42-,13.8-13.1μgm-3 for NO3-,7.4-5.8μgm-3 for NH4+,9.9-8.4μgm-3 for OM,4.6-3.8μg m-3 for BC and 12.9-9.6μg m-3 for other species in PM2.5.SO42-had the largest reduction of 40%,while NO3-had the lowest reduction of 5%,resulting in a greater fraction of NO3-and a smaller fraction of SO42-in PM2.5.Among the three key regions,Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei had the largest reduction in PM2.5 and its chemical compositions.The decrease in SO42-concentrations was in line with the reduction of SO2 emissions,and the major driver of the SO2 emission reductions was the industrial sector.The decrease in NO3 concentrations was limited because the decrease in SO2 emissions and the stable NH3 emissions facilitated the formation of NO3-from HNO3,which partially offset the reduction in NOx emissions driven by the power sector.To mitigate PM2.5 pollution more effectively,future efforts are needed to reduce NH3 emissions. | Guannan GENG Qingyang XIAO Yixuan ZHENG Dan TONG Yuxuan ZHANG Xiaoye ZHANG Qiang ZHANG Kebin HE Yang LIU | 2019 | Science China Earth Sciences2019，62，12： | 16 |
| 7 | Attribution of PM_(2.5) exposure in Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region to emissions:implication to control strategies显示文摘The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH) region is one of the most heavily polluted regions in China,with both high PM_(2.5) concentrations and a high population density.A quantitative source-receptor relationship can provide valuable insights that can inform effective emission control strategies.Both source apportionment(SA) and source sensitivity(SS) can provide such information from different perspectives.In this study,both methods are applied in northern China to identify the most significant emission categories and source regions for PM_(2.5) exposure in BTH in 2013.Despite their differences,both models show similar distribution patterns for population and simulated PM_(2.5) concentrations,resulting in overall high PM_(2.5) exposure values(approximately 110 μg/m~) and particularly high exposure values during the winter(approximately 200 μ/m~).Both methods show that local emissions play a dominant role(70%),with some contribution from surrounding provinces(e.g.,Shandong) via regional transport.The two methods also agree on the priority of local emission controls:both identify industrial,residential,and agricultural emissions as the top three categories that should be controlled locally.In addition,the effect of controlling agricultural ammonia emissions is approximately doubled when the co-benefits of reducing nitrate are considered.The synthesis of SA and SS for addressing specific categories of emissions provides a quantitative basis for the development of emission control strategies and policies for controlling PM_(2.5)in China. | Xin Li Qiang Zhang Yang Zhang Lin Zhang Yuxuan Wang Qianqian Zhang Meng Li Yixuan Zheng Guannan Geng Timothy J.Wallington Weijian Han Wei Shen Kebin He | 2017 | Science Bulletin2017，62，13： | 15 |
| 8 | Additive manufacturing of high-strength CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloys-based composites with WC addition显示文摘Laser melting deposition with WC addition has been developed to fabricate high-strength CrMnFeCoNibased high-entropy alloys-based composites.By this technique,a microstructure of compact refined equiaxed grains can be achieved,and the tensile strength can be remarkably improved.The sample with 5 wt%WC addition shows a promising mechanical performance with a tensile strength of 800 MPa and an elongation of 37%.The improvement in mechanical property may be attributed to the formation of Cr(23)C6 reinforcement precipitates,which could promote the heterogeneous nucleation of grains and hinder the propagation of slip bands. | Jinfeng Li Shuo Xiang Hengwei Luan Abdukadir Amar Xue Liu Siyuan Lu Yangyang Zeng Guomin Le Xiaoying Wang Fengsheng Qu Chunli Jiang Guannan Yang | 2019 | Journal of Materials Science & Technology2019，35，11： | 13 |
| 9 | Chang'E-1 Lunar Mission:An Overview and Primary Science Results显示文摘Chang'E-1 is the first lunar mission in China,which was successfully launched on Oct.24th,2007.It was guided to crash on the Moon on March 1,2009,at 52.36°E,1.50°S,in the north of Mare Fecunditatis.The total mission lasted 495 days,exceeding the designed life-span about four months.1.37Terabytes raw data was received from Chang'E-1.It was then processed into 4Terabytes science data at different levels.A series of science results have been achieved by analyzing and applicating these data,especially 'global image of the Moon of China's first lunar exploration mission'.Four scientific goals of Chang'E-1 have been achieved.It provides abundant materials for the research of lunar sciences and cosmochemistry.Meanwhile these results will serve for China's future lunar missions. | Ouyang Ziyuan Li Chunlai Lu Chang Liu Jianzhong Zou Yongliao Zhang Hongbo Jianjun Zuo Wei Su Yah Wen Weibin Bian Wei Zhao Baochang Wang Jianyu Yang Jianfeng Chang Jin Wang Huanyu Zhang Xiaohui Wang Shijin Wang Min Ren Xin Mu Lingli Kong Deqing Wang Xiaoqian Wang Fang Geng Liang Zhang Zhoubin Zheng Lei Zhu Xinying Zheng Yongchun Li Junduo Zou Xiaoduan Xu Chun Shi Shuobiao Gao Yifei Gao Guannan | 2010 | 空间科学学报2010，30，5： | 11 |
| 10 | Synergistic antibacterial activity of physical-chemical multi-mechanism by TiO2 nanorod arrays for safe biofilm eradication on implant显示文摘Treatment of implant-associated infection is becoming more challenging,especially when bacterial biofilms form on the surface of the implants.Developing multi-mechanism antibacterial methods to combat bacterial biofilm infections by the synergistic effects are superior to those based on single modality due to avoiding the adverse effects arising from the latter.In this work,TiO2 nanorod arrays in combination with irradiation with 808 nearinfrared(NIR)light are proven to eradicate single specie biofilms by combining photothermal therapy,photodynamic therapy,and physical killing of bacteria.The TiO2 nanorod arrays possess efficient photothermal conversion ability and produce a small amount of reactive oxygen species(ROS).Physiologically,the combined actions of hyperthermia,ROS,and puncturing by nanorods give rise to excellent antibacterial properties on titanium requiring irradiation for only 15 min as demonstrated by our experiments conducted in vitro and in vivo.More importantly,bone biofilm infection is successfully treated efficiently by the synergistic antibacterial effects and at the same time,the TiO2 nanorod arrays improve the new bone formation around implants.In this protocol,besides the biocompatible TiO2 nanorod arrays,an extra photosensitizer is not needed and no other ions would be released.Our findings reveal a rapid bacteria-killing method based on the multiple synergetic antibacterial modalities with high biosafety that can be implemented in vivo and obviate the need for a second operation.The concept and antibacterial system described here have large clinical potential in orthopedic and dental applications. | Xiangyu Zhang Guannan Zhang Maozhou Chai Xiaohong Yao Weiyi Chen Paul KChu | 2021 | Bioactive Materials2021，6，1： | 7 |
| 11 | Impact of clean air action on PM2.5 pollution in China显示文摘China suffers from severe air pollution in the past decades,characterized by high-levels of fine particulate matter(PM2.5)concentrations.To mitigate PM2.5 pollution,the Chinese government issued the Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan(referred to as the Clean Air Action hereinafter)in 2013,which requires the three key regions,ie..,Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei(BTH),the Yangtze River Delta(YRD)and the Pearl River Delta(PRD),to reduce PM2.5 concentrations by 15-25%from 2013-2017,and all other cities to reduce PM10 concentrations by 10%compared to 2012(State Council of the People's Republic of China,2013). | Qiang ZHANG Guannan GENG | 2019 | Science China Earth Sciences2019，62，12： | 6 |
| 12 | Computational methods and engineering applications of static/dynamic aeroelasticity based on CFD/CSD coupling solution显示文摘The CFD/CSD coupling method is turning into the main research direction for the static/dynamic aeroelastic analyses.If one wants to use the method for the complex engineering aeroelastic problems,he needs to investigate the relative aeroelastic algorithms,such as the numerical computational method of unsteady aerodynamic forces,equivalent low-dimensional structural finite element model and the solution method of structural dynamic equations,data transfer technique between fluid and structure,the moving grid method,etc.Besides,he also needs to improve the computational efficiency by such as massive parallel CFD algorithm,reduced-order model(ROM) of unsteady aerodynamic forces,etc.In this paper,based on the authors' recent investigations,the research progresses in computational aeroelastic methods and their applications to engineering problem are summarized. | YANG GuoWei ZHENG GuanNan LI GuiBo | 2012 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2012，55，9： | 6 |
| 13 | The novel OCT4 spliced variant OCT4B1 can generate three protein isoforms by alternative splicing into OCT4B显示文摘OCT4 is one of the key transcription factors in maintaining the pluripotency and self-renewal of embryonic stem (ES) cells.Human OCT4 can generate two isoforms OCT4A and OCT4B by alternative splicing.OCT4B1 is a recently discovered novel OCT4 spliced variant,which has been considered as a putative marker of stemness.Compared with the OCT4B mRNA,OCT4B1 mRNA is generated by retaining intron 2 as a cryptic exon which contains a TGA stop codon in it.As a result,the protein product of OCT4B1 mRNA could be truncated.Interestingly,we present here that OCT4B1 can indirectly produce the same protein products as OCT4B.We have demonstrated that OCT4B1 mRNA can be spliced into OCT4B mRNA,and encode three protein isoforms.The splicing of OCT4B1 mRNA into OCT4B mRNA can be remarkably inhibited by the mutation of the classical splicing site.Our result suggests that OCT4B mRNA may originate from OCT4B1 mRNA by alternative splicing. | Yuan Gao Xia Wang Jin Han Zhifeng Xiao Bing Chen Guannan Su Jianwu Dai | 2010 | Journal of Genetics and Genomics2010，37，7： | 6 |
| 14 | Flutter analyses of complete aircraft based on hybrid grids and parallel computing显示文摘A tightly coupled method was developed to analyse aeroelasticity by constructing subiterative schemes for fluid and structural equations of motion,respectively.With MPI partition parallel computing,the fluid was solved by Navier-Stokes equations based on hybrid grids.A new unstructured background grid deformtion method was used for the CFD grid deformation.The transonic flutter wind tunnel model of a complete aircraft was simulated to validate the developed method.The flutter characteristics of the aircraft was analysed and compared with the test results.It indicates that the devoloped method has a relatively higher precision and can be used for aeronautical engineering application. | ZHENG GuanNan YANG GuoWei QIAN Wei | 2013 | Science China(Technological Sciences)2013，56，2： | 6 |
| 15 | Engineering a flexible and mechanically strong composite electrolyte for solid-state lithium batteries显示文摘Lithium-ion batteries(LIBs)have greatly facilitated our daily lives since 1990s[1,2].To meet the ever-increasing demand on energy density,Li metal is seen as the ultimate anode because of its ultra-high specific capacity(3860 m Ah/g)and the lowest electrochemical potential(-3.04 V vs.the standard hydrogen electrode)[3–6].However,issues of Li metal anode,such as Li dendrite formation and large volume change during plating/stripping。 | Tengrui Wang Ruiqi Zhang Yongmin Wu Guannan Zhu Chenchen Hu Jiayun Wen Wei Luo | 2020 | Journal of Energy Chemistry2020，29，7： | 5 |
| 16 | Corrigendum to Anthropogenic emission inventories in China:a review显示文摘In the Figure 4 of ‘Anthropogenic emission inventories in China:a review'(National Science Review,Volume 4,Issue 6, 2017,Pages 834-866,doi:10.1093/nsr/nwx150),the data for the MEIC vl.2 was incorrectly plotted.The corrected version of Figure 4 is presented below. | Meng Li Huan Liu Guannan Geng Chaopeng Hong Fei Liu Yu Song Ban Tong Bo Zheng Hongyang Cui Hanyang Man Qiang Zhang Kebin He | 2018 | National Science Review2018，5，4： | 5 |
| 17 | Activation of catalase activity by a peroxisome-localized small heat shock protein Hsp17.6CⅡ显示文摘Plant catalases are important antioxidant enzymes and are indispensable for plant to cope with adverse environmental stresses. However, little is known how catalase activity is regulated especially at an organelle level. In this study, we identified that small heat shock protein Hsp17.6CⅡ(AT5G12020) interacts with and activates catalases in the peroxisome of Arabidopsis thaliana. Although Hsp17.6CⅡ is classified into the cytosol-located small heat shock protein subfamily, we found that Hsp17.6CⅡ is located in the peroxisome. Moreover, Hsp17.6CⅡ contains a novel non-canonical peroxisome targeting signal 1(PTS1), QKL, 16 amino acids upstream from the C-terminus. The QKL signal peptide can partially locate GFP to peroxisome, and mutations in the tripeptide lead to the abolishment of this activity. In vitro catalase activity assay and holdase activity assay showed that Hsp17.6CⅡ increases CAT2 activity and prevents it from thermal aggregation. These results indicate that Hsp17.6CⅡ is a peroxisome-localized catalase chaperone. Overexpression of Hsp17.6CⅡ conferred enhanced catalase activity and tolerance to abiotic stresses in Arabidopsis. Interestingly, overexpression of Hsp17.6CⅡ in catalase-deficient mutants,nca1-3 and cat2 cat3, failed to rescue their stress-sensitive phenotypes and catalase activity, suggesting that Hsp17.6CⅡ-mediated stress response is dependent on NCA1 and catalase activity. Overall, we identified a novel peroxisome-located catalase chaperone that is involved in plant abiotic stress resistance by activating catalase activity. | guannan li jing li rong hao yan guo | 2017 | Journal of Genetics and Genomics2017，44，8： | 5 |
| 18 | Designed synthesis of ordered mesoporous graphene spheres from colloidal nanocrystals and their application as a platform for high-performance lithium-ion battery composite electrodes显示文摘三维(3D ) graphene 最近为电气化学的精力存储应用吸引了庞大的注意。然而,当前的方法受不了无能同时控制并且设计 graphene 框架的孔和形态学。这里,我们由自我装配的 Fe 3 O 4 nanocrystal 超点阵。结果的 OMGS 有一个 ultrathin 框架包括很少分层的 graphene,与高度订并且相连的 mesoporosity 和一个高表面区域。这些有益结构并且在有 graphitic 框架的优秀电的传导性的联合,组织上,特征显示为创造好的混合材料的一个理想、一般的平台在锂离子电池(解放) 用作合成电极适合的 OMGS。作为 proof-of-concept 示范, SnO 2 和 GeO 2 nanoparticles 被合并到 OMGS 分别地负担得起 SnO 2@OMGSs 和 GeO 2@OMGSs, ,哪个展览突出的锂存储性质当用作解放阳极时。 | Huijuan Yu Guannan Guo Li Ji Hanwen Li Dong Yang Jianhua Hu Angang Dong | 2016 | Nano Research2016，9，12： | 4 |
| 19 | New WHO global air quality guidelines help prevent premature deaths in China显示文摘The air quality guidelines (AQGs) issued by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2005 are key references for the National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQSs) in China.On 22September 2021,the WHO issued new AQGs (NAQGs)[1],which propose more stringent targets to control exposure to multiple air pollutants,including fine particulate matter (PM_(2.5)) and ozone (O_(3)),to which,in 2019,451 million premature deaths,globally,were attributable [2]. | Tao Xue Guannan Geng Xia Meng Qingyang Xiao Yixuan Zheng Jicheng Gong Jun Liu Wei Wan Qiang Zhang Haidong Kan Shiqiu Zhang Tong Zhu | 2022 | National Science Review2022，9，4： | 3 |
| 20 | Application of butane geochemistry of natural gas in hydrocarbon exploration显示文摘In order to distinguish the source and migration direction of natural gas by geochemical characteristics of butane,the components and carbon isotopes of natural gas from major hydrocarbonbearing basins in China were analyzed.The results showed that:(1) Oil-type gas has i-C 4 /n-C 4 <0.8,δ 13 C butane <-28‰,δ 13 C i-butane <-27‰,δ 13 C n-butane <-28.5‰,whereas coal-type gas has i-C 4 /n-C 4 >0.8,δ 13 C butane >-25.5‰,δ 13 C i-butane >-24‰,δ 13 C n-butane >-26‰.(2) When δ 13 C i-butane-δ 13 C n-butane is greater than 0,the maturity of oil-type gas is generally more than 2.4% and that of coal-type gas is greater than 1.4%,whereas when the difference is less than 0,the maturity of oil-type gas is generally less than 1.1% and that of coal-type gas is less than 0.8%.(3) When natural gas migrates through dense cap rocks,the value of i-C 4 /n-C 4 increases,whereas when it migrates laterally along a reservoir,the value of i-C 4 /n-C 4 decreases.(4) Sapropelic transition zone gas with composition and carbon isotopic signatures similar to those of oil-type gas in the low thermal evolution stage is found to have a relatively high butane content.(5) The values of i-C 4 /n-C 4 and δ 13 C n-butane δ 13 C i-butane of gas which has suffered biological degradation are significantly higher than those obtained from thermogenic and bio-thermocatalytic transition zone gas.Thus,natural gas of different genetic types can be recognized through component analysis and carbon isotopic signatures of butane,the natural gas maturity can be estimated from the difference in carbon isotopic content between isobutane and n-butane,and the migration direction of natural gas can be determined from i-C 4 /n-C 4 ratios and transport conditions,which can also be used to thermogenic and bio-thermocatalytic transition zone gas. | Miao Zhongying Chen Jianfa Wang Jing Wang Guannan ZhangChen Li Wei | 2012 | Petroleum Science2012，9，4： | 3 |
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