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| 1 | 美国临床肿瘤学会IV期非小细胞肺癌化疗的临床实践指南更新显示文摘本文旨在为IV期非小细胞肺癌患者的治疗提供更新版推荐。本文资料检索源自2002年以来公布的相关随机试验文献。此指南范围限于化疗与生物治疗。更新委员会对这些文献进行了总结并提供了推荐更新。162篇文献符合标准被纳入参考。本推荐基于可改善总生存期的治疗方法。仅改善无进展生存期的治疗方法推动了对毒性及生存质量的监测。对于体力状态评分为0分或1分患者的一线治疗,可推荐以铂类为基础的细胞毒性药物的两药联用。对铂类治疗有禁忌的患者,可采用非铂类细胞毒性两药联合。对于体力状态评分为2分的患者,单一细胞毒性药物即可。对于疾病进展或经过4个周期的治疗仍对治疗无反应的患者,应停止一线细胞毒性化疗。即使在6个周期后患者对治疗仍有反应,亦应停止两药细胞毒性化疗。对于伴有明确的表皮生长因子受体(epidermal growth factor receptor,EGFR)突变的患者,可推荐一线采用吉非替尼治疗;对于EGFR突变为阴性或不明确的患者,细胞毒性化疗更佳。除具有特定临床特征的患者外,可推荐贝伐单抗与卡铂-紫杉醇联用。对于通过免疫组化证实EGFR阳性的肿瘤患者,可推荐西妥昔单抗与顺铂-长春瑞滨联用。多西紫杉醇、厄洛替尼、吉非替尼或培美曲塞被推荐作为二线治疗。对于未曾接受过厄洛替尼或吉非替尼治疗的患者,可推荐厄洛替尼作为三线治疗。现有数据不足以推荐常规三线采用细胞毒性药物。已有的证据也不足以推荐常规应用分子标记物选择化疗。 | Christopher G. AZZOLI Sherman Baker JR Sarah TEMIN William PAO Timothy ALIFF Julie BRAHMER David H. JOHNSON Janessa L. LASKIN Gregory MASTERS Daniel MILTON Luke NORDQUIST David G. PFISTER Steven PIANTADOSI Joan H. SCHILLER Reily SMITH Thomas J. SMITH John R. STRAWN David TRENT Giuseppe GIACCONE 丁燕(翻译) 南娟(翻译) 刘谦(翻译) 周清华(校对) 陈军(校对) | 2010 | 中国肺癌杂志2010，13，3： | 43 |
| 2 | Comparison of sperm retrieval and reproductive outcome in azoospermic men with testicular failure and obstructive azoospermia treated for infertility显示文摘我们估计了精子检索和 intracytoplasmic 精子注射结果的率,包括构思的婴儿的新生的侧面,在有阴囊的失败的人。三 -- 经历了微解剖的阴囊的精子抽取的有阴囊的失败的 165 个人在这研究被包括。我们把他们的结果与 40 作比较为注射使用了施主精子由于的有阴囊的失败的人与妨碍的精子缺乏没有通过检索,和 146 个人经历了经皮的精子检索。在阴囊的失败的检索率是 41.4% ,并且结果比妨碍的精子缺乏低(100% ;调整机会比率:0.033;95% CI:0.007-0.164;P <0.001 ) 。在精子注射以后的实时出生率与施主精子相比在有阴囊的失败(19.9%) 的人是更低的(37.5% ;调整或:0.377 (95% CI:0.233-0.609, P <0.001 )) 并且妨碍的精子缺乏(34.2% ;调整或:0.403 (95% CI:0.241-0.676, P = 0.001 ) 。构思的婴儿的新生的参数不在这些组之中是显著地不同的。我们断定在检索上获得精子并且在 intracytoplasmic 精子注射(ICSI ) 以后完成实时出生的机会与阴囊的失败在人被减少。在精子注射不似乎被阴囊的失败否定地影响以后,婴儿的侧面怀孕了。 | Sandro C Esteves Christina Prudencio Bill Seol Sidney Verza jr Christopher Knoedler Ashok Agarwal | 2014 | Asian Journal of Andrology2014，16，4： | 9 |
| 3 | 46 XX karyotype during male fertility evaluation; case series and literature review显示文摘性开发的 46 XX 混乱是在人富饶的评估期间在时间观察的一个不平常的医药条件。下列是一个案例系列和与这 karyotype 诊断的 phenotypically 正常的人的文学评论。我们的目标是理解病人临床的表示以及他们的实验室结果试图探索为他们的管理可得到的选择。通过 PubMed 和 MEDLINE 数据库的正式文学评论作为词搜索用“ 46 XX 人”被执行。55 个病人的一个总数,包括在这篇文章传送的那些在他们的富饶评估期间与 46 XX karyotype 被诊断。病人平均数年龄獵摥愠 ?? 畱污瑩瑡癩? 湩楤慣潴 ? 景栠慥祶 ? 慤汩 ? 牯渠慥? 慤汩 ? 挠湡慮楢? 潣獮浵瑰潩 ? 楷桴湩琠敨瀠獡 ? 洳湯桴? | Ahmad Majzoub Mohamed Arafa Christopher Starks Haitham Elbardisi Sami A1 Said Edmund Sabanegh Jr | 2017 | Asian Journal of Andrology2017，19，2： | 8 |
| 4 | Selecting suitable solid organ transplant donors: Reducing the risk of donor-transmitted infections显示文摘Selection of the appropriate donor is essential to a successful allograft recipient outcome for solid organ transplantation. Multiple infectious diseases have been transmitted from the donor to the recipient via transplantation. Donor-transmitted infections cause increased morbidity and mortality to the recipient. In recent years, a series of high-profile transmissions of infections have occurred in organ recipients prompt-ing increased attention on the process of improving the selection of an appropriate donor that balances the shortage of needed allografts with an approach that mitigates the risk of donor-transmitted infection to the recipient. Important advances focused on improving donor screening diagnostics, using previously excluded high-risk donors, and individualizing the selection of allografts to recipients based on their prior infection history are serving to increase the donor pool and improve outcomes after transplant. This article serves to review the relevant literature surrounding this topic and to provide a suggested approach to the selection of an appropriate solid organ transplant donor. | Christopher S Kovacs Jr Christine E Koval David van Duin Amanda Guedes de Morais Blanca E Gonzalez Robin K Avery Steven D Mawhorter Kyle D Brizendine Eric D Cober Cyndee Miranda Rabin K Shrestha Lucileia Teixeira Sherif B Mossad | 2014 | World Journal of Transplantation2014，4，2： | 7 |
| 5 | TIMI Frame Count: A Quantitative Method of Assessing Coronary Artery Flow显示文摘 | C. Michael Gibson Christopher P. Cannon William L. Daley Jr Dodge Barbara Alexander Susan J. Marble Carolyn H. McCabe Lori Raymond Terry Fortin W. Kenneth Poole Eugene Braunwald | 1996 | Circulation1996，，5： | 6 |
| 6 | Animal models of ex vivo lung perfusion as a platform for transplantation research显示文摘Ex vivo lung perfusion(EVLP) is a powerful experimental model for isolated lung research. EVLP allows for the lungs to be manipulated and characterized in an external environment so that the effect of specific ventilation/perfusion variables can be studied independent of other confounding physiologic contributions. At the same time,EVLP allows for normal organ level function and real-time monitoring of pulmonary physiology and mechanics. As a result,this technique provides uniqueadvantages over in vivo and in vitro models. Small and large animal models of EVLP have been developed and each of these models has their strengths and weaknesses. In this manuscript,we provide insight into the relative strengths of each model and describe how the development of advanced EVLP protocols is leading to a novel experimental platform that can be used to answer critical questions in pulmonary physiology and transplant medicine. | Kevin Nelson Christopher Bobba Samir Ghadiali Don Hayes Jr Sylvester M Black Bryan A Whitson | 2014 | World Journal of Experimental Medicine2014，4，2： | 2 |
| 7 | Randomised controlled trial of combined spinal epidural vs. spinal anaesthesia for elective caesarean section: vasopressor requirements and cardiovascular changes显示文摘 | Alan JR Macfarlane Artur Pryn Kerry N Litchfield Fiona Bryden Steven Young Christopher Weir Elizabeth M McGrady | 2009 | European Journal of Anaesthesiology2009，，1： | 2 |
| 8 | 采用间接复位、钢板固定、不植骨的方法治疗稳定的股骨干髓内假体周围骨折显示文摘背景:间接复位技术相对于较早期的开放复位技术具有能够提高骨愈合率及减少植骨的优势,我们对以间接复位治疗股骨干假体周围骨折的结果进行了研究。
方法:连续对50例稳定的股骨干髓内假体周围骨折(Vancourvr B1型)进行治疗,根据病例记录包括切开复位、间接复位、外侧单钢板固定且不行同种异体或其他植骨。4例术后早期死亡,5例随访时间短,对其余41例(平均年龄72岁)进行了平均24个月的随访,并进行临床和影像学评估。
结果:所有骨折平均12周(7~23周)愈合,对位满意。1例有1根钢丝断裂,2例有1枚螺钉断裂,骨折最终愈合且无明显的内置物松动和对位不良。1例发生围手术期深部感染。41例中30例行走功能恢复到骨折前的状态。
结论:结果证实间接复位骨膜外侧单钢板固定且不进行植骨的方法对于稳定的股骨干髓内假体周围骨折的疗效是应该肯定的。
可信水平:治疗性研究,Ⅳ级,进一步可信度参见作者介绍。 | WILLIAM M. RICCI BRETT R. BOLHOFNER TIMOTHY LOFTUS CHRISTOPHER COX SCOTT MITCHELL JOSEPH BORRELLI JR 董强(译) 马宝通(译) | 2006 | 骨科动态2006，2，1： | 2 |
| 9 | Glutathione metabolism is essential for self-renewal and chemoresistance of pancreatic cancer stem cells显示文摘BACKGROUND Cellular metabolism regulates stemness in health and disease.A reduced redox state is essential for self-renewal of normal and cancer stem cells(CSCs).However,while stem cells rely on glycolysis,different CSCs,including pancreatic CSCs,favor mitochondrial metabolism as their dominant energy-producing pathway.This suggests that powerful antioxidant networks must be in place to detoxify mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(ROS)and maintain stemness in oxidative CSCs.Since glutathione metabolism is critical for normal stem cell function and CSCs from breast,liver and gastric cancer show increased glutathione content,we hypothesized that pancreatic CSCs also rely on this pathway for ROS detoxification.AIM To investigate the role of glutathione metabolism in pancreatic CSCs.METHODS Primary pancreatic cancer cells of patient-derived xenografts(PDXs)were cultured in adherent or CSC-enriching sphere conditions to determine the role of glutathione metabolism in stemness.Real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)was used to validate RNAseq results involving glutathione metabolism genes in adherent vs spheres,as well as the expression of pluripotency-related genes following treatment.Public TCGA and GTEx RNAseq data from pancreatic cancer vs normal tissue samples were analyzed using the webserver GEPIA2.The glutathione-sensitive fluorescent probe monochlorobimane was used to determine glutathione content by fluorimetry or flow cytometry.Pharmacological inhibitors of glutathione synthesis and recycling[buthionine-sulfoximine(BSO)and 6-Aminonicotinamide(6-AN),respectively]were used to investigate the impact of glutathione depletion on CSC-enriched cultures.Staining with propidium iodide(cell cycle),Annexin-V(apoptosis)and CD133(CSC content)were determined by flow cytometry.Self-renewal was assessed by sphere formation assay and response to gemcitabine treatment was used as a readout for chemoresistance.RESULTS Analysis of our previously published RNAseq dataset E-MTAB-3808 revealed upregulation of genes involved in the KEGG(Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes)Pathway Glutathione Metabolism in CSC-enriched cultures compared to their differentiated counterparts.Consistently,in pancreatic cancer patient samples the expression of most of these up-regulated genes positively correlated with a stemness signature defined by NANOG,KLF4,SOX2 and OCT4 expression(P<10-5).Moreover,3 of the upregulated genes(MGST1,GPX8,GCCT)were associated with reduced disease-free survival in patients[Hazard ratio(HR)2.2-2.5;P=0.03-0.0054],suggesting a critical role for this pathway in pancreatic cancer progression.CSC-enriched sphere cultures also showed increased expression of different glutathione metabolism-related genes,as well as enhanced glutathione content in its reduced form(GSH).Glutathione depletion with BSO induced cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in spheres,and diminished the expression of stemness genes.Moreover,treatment with either BSO or the glutathione recycling inhibitor 6-AN inhibited self-renewal and the expression of the CSC marker CD133.GSH content in spheres positively correlated with intrinsic resistance to gemcitabine treatment in different PDXs r=0.96,P=5.8×1011).Additionally,CD133+cells accumulated GSH in response to gemcitabine,which was abrogated by BSO treatment(P<0.05).Combined treatment with BSO and gemcitabine-induced apoptosis in CD133+cells to levels comparable to CD133-cells and significantly diminished self-renewal(P<0.05),suggesting that chemoresistance of CSCs is partially dependent on GSH metabolism.CONCLUSION Our data suggest that pancreatic CSCs depend on glutathione metabolism.Pharmacological targeting of this pathway showed that high GSH content is essential to maintain CSC functionality in terms of self-renewal and chemoresistance. | Petra Jagust Sonia Alcala Bruno Sainz Jr Christopher Heeschen Patricia Sancho | 2020 | World Journal of Stem Cells2020，12，11： | 2 |
| 10 | Analgesia for thoracic surgery 显示文摘 | Andrew ND Christopher JR | 2014 | An- aesth Intens Care2014，15，11： | 1 |
| 11 | Rates of detection of Neisseria meningitides in Tonsila differ in relation to local incidence of in vasive disease 显示文摘 | Oliver G Christoph B Philip JR Day | 2002 | J Clin Microbiol2002，，： | 1 |
| 12 | Serum uric acid as an inde- pendent predictor of mortality in patients with angiographically proven coronary artery disease显示文摘 | Christoph B Hans JR Stefan B | 2002 | The American Journal of Cardiology2002，89，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Prevalence of Health Problems and Primary Care Physicians' Specialty Referral Decisions显示文摘 | Forrest Robert JR | 2001 | J Fam Pract2001，50，： | 1 |
| 14 | Activation of the hif pathway in cancer显示文摘 | Patrick HM Christopher WP Peter JR | 2001 | Curr Opin Gen Dev2001，11，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Comparing the Input, Output, and Validation Maps for Several Models of Land Change显示文摘 | Robert Gilmore Pontius jr Wideke Boersma Jean- Christophe Castella | 2008 | The Annals of Regional Science2008，42，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Novel mutations associated with combined pituitary hormone deficiency显示文摘 | Christopher JR Elyse Pine-Twaddell Sally R | 2011 | J Mol Endocrinol2011，46，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Succesfulreimplantation of twenty-four-hourstored kidney to nephrectomized dog显示文摘 | Humphries AL Jr Russell R Christopher PE | 1964 | Ann N Y Acad Sci1964，120，： | 1 |
| 18 | Impact of viral and bacterial infectious burden on long-term prognosis in patients with CAD显示文摘 | Hans JR Stefan B Christoph B | 2001 | Circ2001，104，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Mutations in the regulatory domain ofcystathionine beta synthase can functionally suppress patient derivedmutations incis 显示文摘 | ShanX DunbrackRL Jr Christopher SA | 2002 | Hum Mol Genet2002，10，： | 1 |
| 20 | Racial/ethnic disparities in hepatocellular carcinoma treatment and survival in California, 1988-2012显示文摘AIM To describe racial/ethnic differences in treatment and survival among liver cancer patients in a populationbased cancer registry.METHODS Invasive cases of primary hepatocellular carcinoma, n = 33270, diagnosed between January 1, 1988-December 31, 2012 and reported to the California Cancer Registry were analyzed by race/ethnicity, age, gender, geographical region, socio-economic status, time period of diagnosis, stage, surgical treatment, and survival. Patients were classified into 15 racial/ethnic groups: non-Hispanic White(White, n = 12710), Hispanic(n = 8500), Chinese(n = 2723), non-Hispanic Black(Black, n = 2609), Vietnamese(n = 2063), Filipino(n = 1479), Korean(n = 1099), Japanese(n = 658), American Indian/Alaskan Native(AIAN, n = 281), Laotian/Hmong (n = 244), Cambodian(n = 233), South Asian(n = 190), Hawai`ian/Pacific Islander(n = 172), Thai(n = 95), and Other Asian(n = 214). The main outcome measures were receipt of surgical treatment, and cause-specific and all-cause mortality.RESULTS After adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics, time period, and stage of disease, compared to Whites, Laotian/Hmong [odds ratio(OR) = 0.30, 95%CI: 0.17-0.53], Cambodian(OR = 0.65, 95%CI: 0.45-0.96), AIAN(OR = 0.66, 95%CI: 0.46-0.93), Black(OR = 0.76, 95%CI: 0.67-0.86), and Hispanic(OR = 0.78, 95%CI: 0.72-0.84) patients were less likely, whereas Chinese(OR = 1.58, 95%CI: 1.42-1.77), Koreans(OR = 1.45, 95%CI: 1.24-1.70), Japanese(OR = 1.41, 95%CI: 1.15-1.72), and Vietnamese(OR = 1.26, 95%CI: 1.12-1.42) were more likely to receive surgical treatment. After adjustment for the same covariates and treatment, cause-specific mortality was higher for Laotian/Hmong [(hazard ratio(HR) = 1.50, 95%CI: 1.29-1.73)], Cambodians(HR = 1.35, 95%CI: 1.16-1.58), and Blacks(HR = 1.07, 95%CI: 1.01-1.13), and lower for Chinese(HR = 0.82, 95%CI: 0.77-0.86), Filipinos(HR = 0.84, 95%CI: 0.78-0.90), Vietnamese(HR = 0.85, 95%CI: 0.80-0.90), Koreans(HR = 0.90, 95%CI: 0.83-0.97), and Hispanics(HR = 0.91, 95%CI: 0.88-0.94); results were similar for all-cause mortality.CONCLUSION Disaggregated data revealed substantial racial/ethnic differences in liver cancer treatment and survival, demonstrating the need for development of targeted interventions to mitigate disparities. | Susan L Stewart Sandy L Kwong Christopher L Bowlus Tung T Nguyen Annette E Maxwell Roshan Bastani Eric W Chak Moon S Chen Jr | 2016 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2016，22，38： | 1 |
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