| 1 | Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in satellite glial cells of the trigeminal ganglion contributes to substance P-mediated inflammatory pain显示文摘Inflammatory orofacial pain,in which substance P (SP) plays an important role,is closely related to the cross-talk between trigeminal ganglion (TG) neurons and satellite glial cells (SGCs).SGC activation is emerging as the key mechanism underlying inflammatory pain through different signalling mechanisms,including glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) activation,phosphorylation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways,and cytokine upregulation.However,in the TG,the mechanism underlying SP-mediated orofacial pain generated by SGCs is largely unknown.In this study,we investigated whether SP is involved in inflammatory orofacial pain by upregulating interleukin (IL)-1β and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α from SGCs,and we explored whether MAPK signalling pathways mediate the pain process.In the present study,complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA) was injected into the whisker pad of rats to induce an inflammatory model in vivo.SP was administered to SGC cultures in vitro to confirm the effect of SP.Facial expression analysis showed that pre-injection of L703,606 (an NK-1 receptor antagonist),U0126 (an inhibitor of MAPK/extracellular signal-regulated kinase [ERK] kinase [MEK] 1/2),and SB203580 (an inhibitor of P38) into the TG to induce targeted prevention of the activation of the NK-1 receptor and the phosphorylation of MAPKs significantly suppressed CFA-induced inflammatory allodynia.In addition,SP promoted SGC activation,which was proven by increased GFAP,p-MAPKs,IL-1β and TNF-α in SGCs under inflammatory conditions.Moreover,the increase in IL-1β and TNF-α was suppressed by L703,606,U0126 and SB203580 in vivo and in vitro.These present findings suggested that SP,released from TG neurons,activated SGCs through the ERK1/2 and P38 pathways and promoted the production of IL-1β and TNF-α from SGCs,contributing to inflammatory orofacial pain associated with peripheral sensitization. | Yanyan Zhang Ning Song Fei Liu Jiu Lin Mengke Liu Chaolan Huang Daqing Liao Cheng Zhou Hang Wang Jiefei Shen | 2019 | International Journal of Oral Science2019，11，3： | 6 |
| 2 | An overview on transparent ceramics with pyrochlore and fluorite structures显示文摘Transparent ceramics have potential applications in various areas,including aerospace,relativistic optics industries,medical cares and defense.Specifically,they can be used as laser gain media,armor windows,IR domes,solid-state phosphors,scintillators and electro-optical components.From crystal structure point of view,transparent ceramic materials should have high crystallographic symmetries(cubic,tetragonal and hexagonal),which have minimal birefringent effect.Currently,transparent ceramics are dominantly based on oxide materials,although there are also nonoxides,such as fluorides and nitrides(oxynitrides).Transparent ceramics with pyrochlore and fluorite structures have attracted much attention in recent years,whereas fluorides are not well described in the open literature.Therefore,this paper is aimed to deliver an overview on the progress of the two categories of transparent ceramics,from material processing and characterization point of view. | Yu He Kaige Liu Bingxi Xiang Chaolan Zhou Ling Zhang Gang Liu Xiaoyang Guo Jianpang Zhai Tao Li Ling Bing Kong | 2020 | Journal of Advanced Dielectrics2020，10，3： | 0 |
您所在的机构暂未开通此部分的功能，请联系管理员