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| 1 | Cadmium-induced neurotoxicity: still much ado显示文摘Cadmium(Cd) is a highly toxic heavy metal that accumulates in living system and as such is currently one of the most important occupational and environmental pollutants. Cd reaches into the environment by anthropogenic mobilization and it is absorbed from tobacco consumption or ingestion of contaminated substances. Its extremely long biological half-life(approximately 20–30 years in humans) and low rate of excretion from the body cause cadmium storage predominantly in soft tissues(primarily, liver and kidneys) with a diversity of toxic effects such as nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, endocrine and reproductive toxicities. Moreover, a Cd-dependent neurotoxicity has been also related to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and multiple sclerosis. At the cellular level, Cd affects cell proliferation, differentiation, apoptosis and other cellular activities. Among all these mechanisms, the Cd-dependent interference in DNA repair mechanisms as well as the generation of reactive oxygen species, seem to be the most important causes of its cellular toxicity. Nevertheless, there is still much to find out about its mechanisms of action and ways to reduce health risks. This article gives a brief review of the relevant mechanisms that it would be worth investigating in order to deep inside cadmium toxicity. | Jacopo Junio Valerio Branca Gabriele Morucci Alessandra Pacini | 2018 | Neural Regeneration Research2018，13，11： | 10 |
| 2 | Treatment with acetyl-L-carnitine exerts a neuroprotective effect in the sciatic nerve following loose ligation:a functional and microanatomical study显示文摘Peripheral neuropathies are chronic painful syndromes characterized by allodynia,hyperalgesia and altered nerve functionality.Nerve tissue degeneration represents the microanatomical correlate of peripheral neuropathies.Aimed to improve the therapeutic possibilities,this study investigated the hypersensitivity and the neuromorphological alterations related to the loose ligation of the sciatic nerve in rats.Effects elicited by treatment with acetyl-L-carnitine(ALCAR) in comparison to gabapentin were assessed.Axonal injury,reduction of myelin deposition and accumulation of inflammatory cells were detected in damaged nerve.A decrease of phosphorylated 200-k Da neurofilament(NFP) immunoreactivity and a redistribution in small clusters of myelin basic like-protein(MBP) were observed in ipsilateral nerves.Treatment with ALCAR(100 mg/kg intraperitoneally-i.p.) and gabapentin(70 mg/kg i.p.) administered bis in die for 14 days induced a significant pain relieving effect.ALCAR,but not gabapentin,significantly countered neuromorphological changes and increased axonal NFP immunoreactivity.These findings indicate that both ALCAR and gabapentin significantly decreased the hypersensitivity related to neuropathic lesions.The observation of the positive ALCAR effect on axonal and myelin sheath alterations in damaged nerve supports its use as neurorestorative agent against neuropathies through mechanism(s) consistent to those focused in this study. | Daniele Tomassoni Lorenzo Di Cesare Mannelli Vincenzo Bramanti Carla Ghelardini Francesco Amenta Alessandra Pacini | 2018 | Neural Regeneration Research2018，13，4： | 1 |
| 3 | Targeting cannabidiol to specific areas of the brain: an ultrasound-based strategy显示文摘Brain diseases,ranging from central nervous system(CNS)disorders to brain cancers,are some of the most prevalent pathologies in the world.Despite the high incidence,many of these diseases lack successful treatments because of inadequate drug development in comparison to other therapeutic areas.In particular,even if many drugs have shown the potential to tackle some neurological disorders including Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases and many other associated CNS pathologies. | Jacopo Junio Valerio Branca Donatello Carrino Alessandra Pacini | 2020 | Neural Regeneration Research2020，15，12： | 1 |
| 4 | Impact of cattle density on the structure and natural regeneration of a turkey oak stand on an agrosilvopastoral farm in central Italy显示文摘On an agrosilvopastoral farm in central Italy where Maremmana cattle graze in Turkey oak forests,we evaluated the impact of different livestock densities on stand structure,tree diversity and natural regeneration in four types of grazed areas based on the grazing regime adopted:calf-grazed,high-intensity-grazed,low-intensity-grazed,ungrazed control.For each area,we set up three permanent circular plots(radius of 15 m)to survey the structural and dasometric characteristics of the overstorey,understorey,and regeneration layer.The results showed that grazing negatively affected the complexity of the forest structure and its potential to regenerate and maintain a high level of biodiversity.The differences in stand structure observed between the grazing areas were closely related to livestock density.The most sensitive components of the system were the understorey and the regeneration layers.Contrarily,the current grazing management did not affect the dominant tree structure or its composition.Our findings identified medium-term monitoring and regeneration management as the two significant aspects to consider when assessing sustainable livestock.New forests can be established by excluding graz-ing for about 20–25 years. | Alessandra Pacini Francesco Pelleri Francesco Marini Alberto Maltoni Barbara Mariotti Gianluigi Mazza Maria Chiara Manetti | 2024 | Journal of Forestry Research2024，35，1： | 0 |
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