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| 1 | Sedation in gastrointestinal endoscopy: Current issues显示文摘Diagnostic and therapeutic endoscopy can successfully be performed by applying moderate(conscious) sedation.Moderate sedation,using midazolam and an opioid,is the standard method of sedation,although propofol is increasingly being used in many countries because the satisfaction of endoscopists with propofol sedation is greater compared with their satisfaction with conventional sedation.Moreover,the use of propofol is currently preferred for the endoscopic sedation of patients with advanced liver disease due to its short biologic half-life and,consequently,its low risk of inducing hepatic encephalopathy.In the future,propofol could become the preferred sedation agent,especially for routine colonoscopy.Midazolam is the benzodiazepine of choice because of its shorter duration of action and better pharmacokinetic profile compared with diazepam.Among opioids,pethidine and fentanyl are the most popular.A number of other substances have been tested in several clinical trials with promising results.Among them,newer opioids,such as remifentanil,enable a faster recovery.The controversy regarding the administration of sedation by an endoscopist or an experienced nurse,as well as the optimal staffing of en-doscopy units,continues to be a matter of discussion.Safe sedation in special clinical circumstances,such as in the cases of obese,pregnant,and elderly individuals,as well as patients with chronic lung,renal or liver disease,requires modification of the dose of the drugs used for sedation.In the great majority of patients,sedation under the supervision of a properly trained endoscopist remains the standard practice worldwide.In this review,an overview of the current knowledge concerning sedation during digestive endoscopy will be provided based on the data in the current literature. | John K Triantafillidis Emmanuel Merikas Dimitrios Nikolakis Apostolos E Papalois | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，4： | 35 |
| 2 | Favorable response to subcutaneous administration of infliximab in rats with experimental colitis显示文摘AIM: To investigate the influence of infliximab (Remicade)on experimental colitis produced by 2,4,6,trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) in rats.METHODS: Thirty-six Wistar rats were allocated into four groups (three groups of six animals each and a fourth of 12 animals). Six more healthy animals served as normal controls (Group 5). Group 1:colitis was induced by intracolonic installation of 25 mg of TNBS dissolved in 0.25 mL of 50% ethanol and infliximab was subcutaneously administered at a dose of 5 mg/kg BW; Group 2: colitis was induced and infliximab was subcutaneously administered at a dose of 10 mg/kg BW; Group 3: colitis was induced and infliximab was subcutaneously administered at a dose of 15 mg/kg BW; Group 4: colitis was induced without treatment with infliximab. Infliximab was administered on d 2-6. On the 7th d, all animals were killed. The colon was fixed in 10%buffered formalin and examined by light microscopy for the presence and activity of colitis and the extent of tissue damage. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were also measured.RESULTS: Significant differences concerning the presence of reparable lesions and the extent of bowel mucosa without active inflammation in all groups of animals treated with infliximab compared with controls were found. Significant reduction of the tissue levels of TNF-α in all groups of treated animals as compared withthe untreated ones was found (0.47±0.44, 1.09±0.86,0.43±0.31 vs 18.73±10.53 respectively). Significant reduction in the tissue levels of MDA was noticed in group 1 as compared to group 4, as well as between groups 2 and 4.CONCLUSION: Subcutaneous administration of infliximab reduces the inflammatory activity as well as tissue TNF-α and MDA levels in chemical colitis in rats.Infliximab at a dose of 5 mg/kg BW achieves better histological results and produces higher reduction of the levels of TNF-α than at a dose of 10 mg/kg BW.Infliximab at a dose of 5 mg/kg BW produces higher reduction of tissue MDA levels than at a dose of 15 mg/kg BW. | John K Triantafillidis Apostolos E Papalois Aikaterini Parasi Emmanuel Anagnostakis Stavros Burnazos Aristofanis Gikas Emmanuel G Merikas Emmanuel Douzinas Maria Karagianni Helen Sotiriou | 2005 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2005，11，43： | 5 |
| 3 | Comparative study on volatile analysis of extra virgin olive oil by dynamic headspace and solid phase micro-extraction显示文摘 | Antonis K Apostolos K Ruben J H | 2005 | Food Chemistry2005，90，： | 1 |
| 4 | Traffic flow modeling of large-scale motorway networks using the macroscopic modeling tool METANET显示文摘 | | 2002 | IEEE Trans Intell Transp Syst2002，3，04： | 1 |
| 5 | An Accurate Description of the Ground and Excited States of SiH显示文摘 | Apostolos K Aristides M Aristophanes M | 2002 | J Chem Phys ( S0021-9606 )2002，16，： | 1 |
| 6 | Wine Price Risk Management:International Diversification and Derivative Instruments显示文摘 | Apostolos K Raphael N M Raphael N M | 2012 | International Review of Financial Analysis2012，，22： | 1 |
| 7 | Primary malignant melanoma of the lung:a case report显示文摘 | APOSTOLOS D CHARALAMBOS Z EVANGELIA K | 2003 | World J Surg Oncol2003，1，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Transdermal drug delivery with a pressure wave 显示文摘 | APOSTOLOS G D NIKIFOROS K | 2004 | Adv Drug Deliv Rev2004，56，5： | 1 |
| 9 | The effects of guided imagery on comfort, depression, anxiety, and stress of psychiatric inpatients with de- pressive disorders显示文摘 | Apostolo JL Kolcaba K | 2009 | Arch Psychiatr Nurs2009，23，6： | 1 |
| 10 | Effects of levosimendan on flow-mediated vasodilation and soluble adhesion molecules in patients with advanced chronic heart failure显示文摘 | JOHN T PARISSIS A APOSTOLOS K et aI | 2008 | Atherosclerosis2008，197，： | 1 |
| 11 | Palatovaginal (pharyngeal) artery: clinical implication and surgical experience显示文摘 | Apostolos K Luca V Vincenzo A | 2014 | Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol2014，271，10： | 1 |
| 12 | Adsorp- tion of Organophosphates Into Microporous and Meso- porous Nax Zeolites and Subsequent Chemistry显示文摘 | Meng Q G David C D Apostolos K R | 2011 | En- vironmental Science Technoloy2011，45，7： | 1 |
| 13 | The effects of guided imagery on com- fort, depression, anxiety, and stress of psychiatric inpatients with depressive disorders显示文摘 | Apostolo JL Kolcaba K | 2009 | Arch Psychiatr Nurs2009，23，6： | 1 |
| 14 | Continuous Subspace Clustering in Streaming Time Series显示文摘 | Maria K Apostolos N P Yannis M | 2008 | Information Systems2008，33，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Layer assessment of object-oriented software:a metric facilitating white-box reuse显示文摘 | GEORGE K ELENI C APOSTOLOS A | 2013 | Journal of Systems and Software2013，86，2： | 1 |
| 16 | Primary Malig- nant Melanoma of the Lung: A Case Report显示文摘 | Apostolos D Charalambos Z Evangelia K | 2003 | World Journal of Surgical Oncology2003，，23： | 1 |
| 17 | The effects of guieded imagery on comfort,de pression,anxiety,and stress of psychiatric inpatients with depressive disorders显示文摘 | Apostolo JL Kolcaba K | 2009 | Arch Psychiatr Nurs2009，23，6： | 1 |
| 18 | Ab initio study of the e- lectronic structure and bonding of aluminum nitride 显示文摘 | Apostolos K Aristides M | 2007 | J Phys Chem A2007，111，11： | 1 |
| 19 | The effects of guided imagery on comfort ,depression ,anxiety, and stress of psychiatric impatients with depressive disorders显示文摘 | Apostolo JL Kolcaha K | 2009 | Arch Psychiatr Nurs2009，23，6： | 1 |
| 20 | Pri mary Malig-nant Melanoma of the lung:A case report显示文摘 | Apostolos D Charalambos Z Evangelia K | 2003 | J Surg Oncol2003，1，1： | 1 |
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