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| 1 | Coordinated optimal dispatch and market equilibrium of integrated electric power and natural gas networks with P2G embedded显示文摘As power to gas(P2 G) technology gradually matures, the coupling between electricity networks and natural gas networks should ideally evolve synergistically.With the intent of characterizing market behaviors of integrated electric power and natural gas networks(IPGNs)with P2 G facilities, this paper establishes a steady-state model of P2 G and constructs optimal dispatch models of an electricity network and a natural gas network separately. In addition, a concept of slack energy flow(SEF) is proposed as a tool for coordinated optimal dispatch between the two networks. To study how the market pricing mechanism affects coordinated optimal dispatch in an IPGN, a market equilibrium-solving model for an IPGN is constructed according to game theory, with a solution based on the Nikaido-Isoda function. Case studies are conducted on a joint model that combines the modified IEEE 118-node electricity network and the Belgian 20-node gas network.The results show that if the game between an electric power company and a natural gas company reaches market equilibrium, not only can both companies maximize their profits, but also the coordinated operation of the coupling units, i.e., gas turbines and P2 G facilities, will contribute more to renewable energy utilization and carbon emission reduction. | Zexing CHEN Yongjun ZHANG Tianyao JI Zexiang CAI Licheng LI Zhiheng XU | 2018 | Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy2018，6，3： | 37 |
| 2 | Stochastic Dynamic Economic Dispatch of Wind-integrated Electricity and Natural Gas Systems Considering Security Risk Constraints显示文摘As the proportion of wind power generation increases in power systems,it is necessary to develop new ways for wind power accommodation and improve the existing power dispatch model.The power-to-gas technology,which offers a new approach to accommodate surplus wind power,is an excellent way to solve the former.Hence,this paper proposes to involve power-to-gas technology in the integrated electricity and natural gas systems(IEGSs).To solve the latter,on one hand,a new indicator,the scale factor of wind power integration,is introduced into the wind power stochastic model to better describe the uncertainty of grid-connected wind power;on the other hand,for quantizing and minimizing the impact of the uncertainties of wind power and system loads on system security,security risk constraints are established for the IEGS by the conditional value-at-risk method.By considering these two aspects,an MILP formulation of a security-risk based stochastic dynamic economic dispatch model for an IEGS is established,and GUROBI obtained from GAMS is used for the solution.Case studies are conducted on an IEGS consisting of a modified IEEE 39-bus system and the Belgium 20-node natural gas system to examine the effectiveness of the proposed dispatch model. | Zexing Chen Gelan Zhu Yongjun Zhang Tianyao Ji Ziwen Liu Xiaoming Lin Zexiang Cai | 2019 | CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems2019，5，3： | 8 |
| 3 | Assessment of commutation failure in HVDC systems considering spatial-temporal discreteness of AC system faults显示文摘This paper presents a novel commutation failure(CF) assessment method considering the influences of voltage magnitude drop, phase shift, and spatial-temporal discreteness of AC system faults. The commutating voltage-time area is employed to analyze the spatial-temporal discreteness of AC system faults causing CF in high-voltage direct current systems, and the influences of fault position and fault time on CF are revealed. Based on this, a novel CF criterion is proposed, further considering the influence of voltage phase shift and the spatial-temporal discreteness. Then this research develops a new CF assessment method, which does not rely on electromagnetic transient simulations. A real case from the China Southern Power Grid is used to verify the practicability of the proposed method by comparing with simulation results obtained using PSCAD/EMTDC. | Huanhuan YANG Zexiang CAI Xiaohua LI Chaoyun YU | 2018 | Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy2018，6，5： | 5 |
| 4 | A soft actor-critic deep reinforcement learning method for multi-timescale coordinated operation of microgrids显示文摘This paper develops a multi-timescale coordinated operation method for microgrids based on modern deep rein-forcement learning.Considering the complementary characteristics of different storage devices,the proposed approach achieves multi-timescale coordination of battery and supercapacitor by introducing a hierarchical two-stage dispatch model.The first stage makes an initial decision irrespective of the uncertainties using the hourly predicted data to minimize the operational cost.For the second stage,it aims to generate corrective actions for the first-stage decisions to compensate for real-time renewable generation fluctuations.The first stage is formulated as a non-convex deterministic optimization problem,while the second stage is modeled as a Markov decision process solved by an entropy-regularized deep reinforcement learning method,i.e.,the Soft Actor-Critic.The Soft Actor-Critic method can efficiently address the exploration-exploitation dilemma and suppress variations.This improves the robustness of decisions.Simulation results demonstrate that different types of energy storage devices can be used at two stages to achieve the multi-timescale coordinated operation.This proves the effectiveness of the proposed method. | Chunchao Hu Zexiang Cai Yanxu Zhang Rudai Yan Yu Cai Bowei Cen | 2022 | Protection and Control of Modern Power Systems2022，7，1： | 2 |
| 5 | A study on robust adaptive modulation controller for TCSC based on COI signal in interconnected power systems 显示文摘 | Cai Zexiang Zhu Lin Lan Zhou | 2008 | Electric Power Systems Research2008，78，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Analytical modeling of traffic flow in substation communication network显示文摘 | Zhang Yanxu Cai Zexiang Li Xiaohua | 2015 | 1EEE Transactions on Power Delivery2015，30，5： | 1 |
| 7 | MMC-HVDC simulation and testing based on real-time digital simulator and physical control system显示文摘 | Ou Kaijian Rao Hong Cai Zexiang | 2014 | IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics2014，2，4： | 1 |
| 8 | MMC-HVDC Simulation and testing based on real-time digital simulator and physical control system显示文摘 | Ou Kaijian Rao Hong Cai Zexiang | 2014 | IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics2014，2，4： | 1 |
| 9 | A study on robust adaptive modulation controller for TCSC based on COI signal in interconnected power systems 显示文摘 | CAI Zexiang ZHU Lin LAN Zhou | 2008 | Electric Power Systems Research2008，78，： | 1 |
| 10 | Propagation Delay Measurement and Compensation for Sampled Value Synchronization in a Smart Substation显示文摘Reliable sampled value(SV)synchronization is used to ensure the reliability of protective relaying in a smart substation based on IEC 61850.In this paper,an SV synchronization method based on SV propagation delay measurement and compensation is proposed.The method does not depend on an external reference clock and has higher reliability than existing ones.The core issue in the proposed method is to measure the switching delay.The following steps are undertaken in this work:First,the composition of SV propagation delay in a smart substation is analyzed.Second,a new switch with the capability of switching delay measuring and recording is presented.Third,two laboratory tests are conducted to study the measurement accuracy of the switching delay.Finally,an SV synchronization method is presented and its application is tested on a busbar protection system to demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve SV synchronization effectively.Test results show that the measurement is sufficiently accurate for the SV propagation delay compensation.The proposed method also shows that the reliability of the protective relaying in a smart substation is significantly improved. | Yanxu Zhang Zexiang Cai Xiaohua Li Ruiwen He | 2017 | CSEE Journal of Power and Energy Systems2017，3，2： | 1 |
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