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| 1 | Silvicultural alternatives to conventional even-aged forest man-agement-what limits global adoption?显示文摘Background: The development of forestry as a scientific and management discipline over the last two centuries has mainly emphasized intensive management operations focused on increased commodity production, mostly wood. This 'conventional' forest management approach has typically favored production of even-aged, single-species stands. While alternative management regimes have generally received less attention, this has been changing over the last three decades, especially in countries with developed economies. Reasons for this change include a combination of new information and concerns about the ecological consequences of intensive forestry practices and a willingness on the part of many forest owners and society to embrace a wider set of management objectives. Alternative silvicultural approaches are characterized by a set of fundamental principles, including avoidance of clearcutting, an emphasis on structural diversity and small-scale variability, deployment of mixed species with natural regeneration,and avoidance of intensive site-preparation methods.Methods: Our compilation of the authors' experiences and perspectives from various parts of the world aims to initiate a larger discussion concerning the constraints to and the potential of adopting alternative silvicultural practices.Results: The results suggest that a wider adoption of alternative silvicultural practices is currently hindered by a suite of ecological, economic, logistical, informational, cultural, and historical constraints. Individual contexts display their own unique combinations and relative significance of these constraints, and accordingly, targeted efforts, such as regulations and incentives, may help to overcome specific challenges.Conclusions: In a broader context, we propose that less emphases on strict applications of principles and on stand structures might provide additional flexibility and facilitate the adoption of alternative silvicultural regimes in a broader set of circumstances. At the same time, the acceptance of alternative silvicultural systems as the 'preferred or default mode of management' wil necessitate and benefit from the continued development of the scientific basis and valuation of a variety of ecosystem goods and services. This publication is aimed to further the discussion in this context. | Klaus J Puettmann Scott McG Wilson Susan C Baker Pablo J Donoso Lars Dr?ssler Girma Amente Brian D Harvey Thomas Knoke Yuanchang Lu Susanna Nocentini Francis E Putz Toshiya Yoshida Jürgen Bauhus | 2015 | Forest Ecosystems2015，2，2： | 4 |
| 2 | Corrosion potential measurements on type 304SS and alloy 182 in simulated BWR environments显示文摘 | MacDonald D D Song H Yoshida K | 1993 | Corrosion1993，49，1： | 3 |
| 3 | C/EBPα and HNF6 protein complex formation stimulates HNF6-dependent transcription by CBP coactivator recruitment in HepG2 cells显示文摘 | HUGHES D E RAUSA F M | 2006 | Hepatology2006，43，2： | 1 |
| 4 | Relation between the behavior of nitrogen and the nicotine synthesis in tobacco plants显示文摘 | Yoshida D Takabashi T | 1961 | Sci Plant Nutr1961，7，： | 1 |
| 5 | Rolordy-namic fluid force moments on an open-type centrifugalcompressor impeller in precessing motion 显示文摘 | Yoshida Y Tsujimoto Y Yokoyama D el al | 2001 | Interna-tional Journal of Rotating Machinery2001，7，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Analysis of a redundant free-flying spacecraft/manipulator system 显示文摘 | Nenchev D Umetani Y Yoshida K | 1992 | IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automa- tion1992，8，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Determination of site occupancy of additives X ( X = V, Mo, W and Ti) in the Nb-Cr-X Laves phase by ALCHEMI 显示文摘 | Okaniwa H Shindo D Yoshida M | 1999 | Acta Mater1999，47，6： | 1 |
| 8 | Neonatal Fc receptor for IgG regulates mucosal immune responses to luminal bacteria 显示文摘 | Yoshida M Kobayashi K Kuo T T Bry L Glickman J N Claypool S M Kaser A Nagaishi T Higgins D E Mizoguchi E Wakatsuki Y Roopenian D C Mizoguchi A Lencer W I and Blumberg R S | 2006 | The Journal of Clinical Investigation2006，116，： | 1 |
| 9 | Analysis of a redun?dant free-flying spacecraft/manipulator system显示文摘 | Nenchev D Umetani Y Yoshida K | 1992 | IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation1992，8，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Telomerase activity and telomere length of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in SLE patients显示文摘 | Kurosaka D Yasuda J Yoshida K | 2003 | Lupus2003，12，： | 1 |
| 11 | Development and assessment of morphologic criteria for diagnosing gastric cancer using confocal endomicroscopy: an ex vivo and in vivo study显示文摘 | Kakeji Y Yamaguchi S Yoshida D | 2006 | Endoscopy2006，38，： | 1 |
| 12 | Impact analysis and post-impact motion control issues of a free-floating space robot subject to a force impulse显示文摘 | Nenchev D N Yoshida K | 1999 | IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation1999，15，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Transforming growth factor-beta stimulates the expression of desmosomal proteins in bron- chial epithelial cells显示文摘 | Yoshida M Romberger D J Illig MG | 1992 | Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol1992，6，4： | 1 |
| 14 | Collagenase unwinds triple - helical collagen prior to peptide bond hy- drolysis显示文摘 | Chung L Dinakarpandian D Yoshida N | 2004 | EMBO J2004，23，15： | 1 |
| 15 | Inhibitory effect of glycyrrhizin on the neut-rophil-dependent increase of R5 HIV replication in cultures of macrophages显示文摘 | Yoshida T Kobayashi M Li X D | 2009 | Immunol Cell Biol2009，87，7： | 1 |
| 16 | Enhaneement of pituitary adenoma cell invasion and adhesion is mediated by diseoidin domain re- ceptor-l显示文摘 | YOSHIDA D TERAMOTO A | 2007 | Neuro-Oncology2007，82，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Structural basis of the influenza A virus RNA polymerase PB2 RNA-binding domain containing the pathogenicity-determinant Lysine 627 residue 显示文摘 | Kuzuhara T Kise D Yoshida H | 2009 | J Biol Chem2009，284，11： | 1 |
| 18 | Induction mechanism of apoptosis by troglitazone through peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-gamma in gastric carcinoma cells显示文摘 | Yoshida K Tanabe K Fujii D | | 0，，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Superhigl-rate epi- taxial silicon thick film deposition from triehlorosilane by me- soplasma chemical vapor deposition 显示文摘 | WU S D KAMBARA M YOSHIDA T | 2013 | Plasma Chemistry and Plasma Processing2013，33，2： | 1 |
| 20 | Impact analysis and post-impact motion control issues of a free-floating space robot subject to a force impulse 显示文摘 | Nenchev D N Yoshida K | 1999 | IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation1999，15，3： | 1 |
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