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1Brain tumor-targeted drug delivery strategies显示文摘Despite the application of aggressive surgery,radiotherapy and chemotherapy in clinics,brain tumors are still a difficult health challenge due to their fast development and poor prognosis.Brain tumor-targeted drug delivery systems,which increase drug accumulation in the tumor region and reduce toxicity in normal brain and peripheral tissue,are a promising new approach to brain tumor treatments.Since brain tumors exhibit many distinctive characteristics relative to tumors growing in peripheral tissues,potential targets based on continuously changing vascular characteristics and the microenvironment can be utilized to facilitate effective brain tumor-targeted drug delivery.In this review,we briefly describe the physiological characteristics of brain tumors,including blood–brain/brain tumor barriers,the tumor microenvironment,and tumor stem cells.We also review targeted delivery strategies and introduce a systematic targeted drug delivery strategy to overcome the challenges.Xiaoli Wei Xishan Chen Man Ying Weiyue Lu 2014Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B2014,4,3:14
2Autophagy inhibition enhances apigenin-induced apoptosis in human breast cancer cells显示文摘Apigenin (4',5,7-trihydroxyflavone) is a member of the flavone subclass of flavonoids present in fruits and vegetables. The involvement of autophagy in the apigenin-induced apoptotic death of human breast cancer cells was investigated. Cell proliferation and viability were assessed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol- 2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and clonogenic assays. Flow cytometry, fluorescent staining and Western blot analysis were employed to detect apoptosis and autophagy, and the role of autophagy was assessed using autophagy inhibitors. Apigenin dose- and time-dependently repressed the proliferation and clonogenic survival of the human breast cancer T47D and MDA-MB-231 cell lines. The death of T47D and MDA-MB-231 cells was due to apoptosis associated with increased levels of Caspase3, PARP cleavage and Bax/Bcl-2 ratios. The results from flow cytometry and fluorescent staining also verified the occurrence of apoptosis. In addition, the apigenin-treated cells exhibited autophagy, as characterized by the appearance of autophagosomes under fluorescence microscopy and the accumulation of acidic vesicular organelles (AVOs) by flow cytometry. Furthermore, the results of the Western blot analysis revealed that the level of LC3-II, the processed form of LC3-I, was increased. Treatment with the autophagy inhibitor, 3-methyladenine (3-MA), significantly enhanced the apoptosis induced by apigenin, which was accompanied by an increase in the level of PARP cleavage. Similar results were also confirmed by flow cytometry and fluorescence microscopy. These results indicate that apigenin has apoptosis-and autophagy-inducing effects in breast cancer cells. Autophagy plays a cyto-protective role in apigenin-induced apoptosis, and the combination of apigenin and an autophagy inhibitor may be a promising strategy for breast cancer control.Xuchen Cao Bowen Liu Wenfeng Cao Weiran Zhang Fei Zhang Hongmeng Zhao Ran Meng Lin Zhang Ruifang Niu Xishan Hao Bin Zhang 2013Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2013,25,2:12
3CRISPR/Cas9-mediated PINK1 deletion leads to neurodegeneration in rhesus monkeys显示文摘Dear Editor,PINK1 mutations cause autosomal recessive and early-onset Parkinson’s disease(PD)with selective neurodegeneration.Unfortunately,current PINK1 knockout(KO)mouse1,2 and pig models3,4 are unable to recapitulate the selective and overt neurodegeneration seen in PD patients.Furthermore,endogenous Pink1 in the mouse brain is expressed at very low levels and can only be detected via immunoprecipitation,5 meaning that PINK1’s function in the mammalian brain needs to be assessed using larger animals that are closer to humans.We previously used CRISPR/Cas9 to target the monkey gene in one-cell stage embryos.6 Using the same approach,we designed two gRNAs to target exon 2(T1)and exon 4(T2),which encode a kinase domain in the PINK1 gene of rhesus monkeys(Fig.1a).CRISPR/Cas9 and PINK1 gRNAs were injected into one-cell stage rhesus monkey embryos.A T7E1 assay and sequencing of PCR products from the injected embryos showed high efficiency(61.5%)in targeting PINK1(Fig.1b and Supplementary information,Fig.S1).Transfer of 87 embryos to 28 surrogate rhesus monkeys resulted in 11 pregnancies(39.2%)(Fig.1b).Eleven fetuses developed to term and were born naturally.Of these live monkeys,eight carried PINK1 mutations(M),and three were wild type(WT).However,three mutant monkeys(M1,M3 and M4)were newborn triplets that struggled to survive and died 3-4 days after birth.One WT newborn monkey also died after a difficult labor.Another mutant monkey(M2)died 7 days after birth without noticeable warning signs or symptoms.The other three mutant monkeys(M6,M7 and M8)have lived for three years;M5,however,reduced its food intake and showed weakness at the age of 1.5 years,and died 30 days after anesthesia for MRI examination.Weili Yang Yunbo Liu Zhuchi Tu Chong Xiao Sen Yan Xishan Ma Xiangyu Guo Xiusheng Chen Peng Yin Zhengyi Yang Su Yang Tianzi Jiang Shihua Li Chuan Qin Xiao-Jiang Li 2019Cell Research2019,29,4:12
4Interpretation of breast cancer screening guideline for Chinese women显示文摘Breast cancer is the most common malignant tumor in Chinese women.Early screening is the best way to improve the rates of early diagnosis and survival of breast cancer patients.The peak onset age for breast cancer in Chinese women is considerably younger than those in European and American women.It is imperative to develop breast cancer screening guideline that is suitable for Chinese women.By summarizing the current evidence on breast cancer screening in Chinese women,and referring to the latest guidelines and consensus on breast cancer screening in Europe,the United States,and East Asia,the China Anti-Cancer Association and National Clinical Research Center for Cancer(Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital)have formulated population-based guideline for breast cancer screening in Chinese women.The guideline provides recommendations on breast cancer screening for Chinese women at average or high risk of breast cancer according to the following three aspects:age of screening,screening methods,and screening interval.This article provides more detailed information to support the recommendations in this guideline and to provide more direction for current breast cancer screening practices in China.Yubei Huang Zhongsheng Tong Kexin Chen Ying Wang Peifang Liu Lin Gu Juntian Liu Jinpu Yu Fengju Song Wenhua Zhao Yehui Shi Hui Li Huaiyuan Xiao Xishan Hao 2019Cancer Biology & Medicine2019,16,4:10
5Crystal structure of the swine-origin A (H1N1)- 2009 influenza A virus hemagglutinin (HA) reveals similar antigenicity to that of the 1918 pandemic virus显示文摘Influenza virus is the causative agent of the seasonal and occasional pandemic flu.The current H1N1 influenza pandemic,announced by the WHO in June 2009,is highly contagious and responsible for global economic losses and fatalities.Although the H1N1 gene segments have three origins in terms of host species,the virus has been named swine-origin influenza virus(S-OIV)due to a predominant swine origin.2009 S-OIV has been shown to highly resemble the 1918 pandemic virus in many aspects.Hemagglutinin is responsible for the host range and receptor binding of the virus and is therefore a primary indicator for the potential of infection.Primary sequence analysis of the 2009 S-OIV hemagglutinin(HA)reveals its closest relationship to that of the 1918 pandemic influenza virus,however,analysis at the structural level is necessary to critically assess the functional significance.In this report,we report the crystal structure of soluble hemagglutinin H1(09H1)at 2.9Å,illustrating that the 09H1 is very similar to the 1918 pandemic HA(18H1)in overall structure and the structural modules,including the five defined antiboby(Ab)-binding epitopes.Our results provide an explanation as to why sera from the survivors of the 1918 pandemics can neutralize the 2009 S-OIV,and people born around the 1918 are resistant to the current pandemic,yet younger generations are more susceptible to the 2009 pandemic.Wei Zhang Jianxun Qi Yi Shi Qing Li Feng Gao Yeping Sun Xishan Lu Qiong Lu Christopher J.Vavricka Di Liu Jinghua Yan George F.Gao 2010Protein & Cell2010,1,5:10
6Structure and receptor-binding properties of an airborne transmissible avian infl uenza A virus hemagglutinin H5(VN1203mut)显示文摘Avian infl uenza A virus continues to pose a global threat with occasional H5N1 human infections,which is em-phasized by a recent severe human infection caused by avian-origin H7N9 in China.Luckily these viruses do not transmit effi ciently in human populations.With a few ami-no acid substitutions of the hemagglutinin H5 protein in the laboratory,two H5 mutants have been shown to obtain an air-borne transmission in a mammalian ferret model.Here in this study one of the mutant H5 proteins devel-oped by Kawaoka’s group(VN1203mut)was expressed in a baculovirus system and its receptor-binding properties were assessed.We herein show that the VN1203mut had a dramatically reduced binding affi nity for the avianα2,3-linkage receptor compared to wild type but showed no detectable increase in affi nity for the humanα2,6-linkage receptor,using Surface Plasmon Resonance techonology.Further,the crystal structures of the VN1203mut and its complexes with either human or avian receptors demon-strate that the VN1203mut binds the human receptor in the same binding manner(cis conformation)as seen for the HAs of previously reported 1957 and 1968 pandemic influenza viruses.Our receptor binding and crystallo-graphic data shown here further confi rm that the ability to bind the avian receptor has to decrease for a higher hu-man receptor binding affi nity.As the Q226L substitution is shown important for obtaining human receptor binding,we suspect that the newly emerged H7N9 binds human receptor as H7 has a Q226L substitution.Xishan Lu Yi Shi Wei Zhang Yanfang Zhang Jianxun Qi George F Gao 2013Protein & Cell2013,4,7:9
7Long-term outcomes in patients with ypT0 rectal cancer after neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and curative resection显示文摘Objective: For patients with locally advanced rectal cancer treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy(NCRT), significant pathological response of the primary tumor has been proposed to identify candidates for organ preservation. However, this does not address metastatic lymph nodes in the mesorectum. The aim of this study was to assess the incidence of lymph node metastases in ypT0 patients treated with NCRT and curative resection and to explore risk factors associated with survival.Methods: This was a retrospective study of patients with ypT0 rectal cancer after NCRT and curative resection at a tertiary care center in China from 2005 to 2014.Results: A total of 60(18.6%) patients who underwent surgery after NCRT and achieved ypT0 were enrolled in this study; one patient was excluded owing to lack of follow-up. Of these 59 patients, lymph node metastases were found in the mesorectum(ypT0N+) in eight(13.6%) patients. After a median follow-up of 52 months, 5-year recurrence-free survival(82.7% vs. 62.5%, P=0.014) and overall survival(OS)(90.9% vs. 70.0%, P=0.032) were much higher in ypN0 than yp N+ patients. Multivariate analyses showed that ypN+ status(P=0.009) and perioperative blood transfusion(BT)(P=0.001) were significantly independent risk factors associated with recurrence; however, no factor was correlated with 5-year OS.Conclusions: Patients with ypT0N0 rectal cancer can achieve excellent long-term outcomes; however, positive lymph nodes or tumor deposits can still be found in 13.6% of ypT0 patients. Nodal positivity in the mesorectum and perioperative BT are independent risk factors for recurrence.Zhao Lu Pu Cheng Fu Yang Zhaoxu Zheng Xishan Wang 2018Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2018,30,2:8
8Safety and survival outcomes of transanal natural orifice specimen extraction using prolapsing technique for patients with middle-to low-rectal cancer显示文摘Objective:The transanal approach to specimen collection,combined with the prolapsing technique,is a wellestablished and minimally invasive surgery for treating rectal cancer.However,reports on outcomes for this approach are sparse.We compared short-and long-term outcomes of conventional laparoscopic surgery(CLS)vs.transanal natural orifice specimen extraction(NOSE)using the prolapsing technique for patients with middle-to low-rectal cancer.Methods:From January 2013 to December 2017,we enrolled consecutive patients with middle-to low-rectal cancer undergoing laparoscopic anterior resection.Totally,50 patients who underwent transanal NOSE using the prolapsing technique were matched with 50 patients who received CLS.Clinical parameters and survival outcomes between the two groups were compared.Results:Estimated blood loss(29.70±29.28 vs.52.80±45.09 mL,P=0.003),time to first flatus(2.50±0.79 vs.2.86±0.76,P=0.022),time to liquid diet(3.62±0.64 vs.4.20±0.76 d,P<0.001),and the need for analgesics(22%vs.48%,P=0.006)were significantly lower for the NOSE group compared to the CLS group.The incidences of overall complications and fecal incontinence were comparable in both groups.After a median follow-up of 44.52 months,the overall local recurrence rate(6%vs.5%,P=0.670),3-year disease-free survival(86.7%vs.88.0%,P=0.945)and 3-year overall survival(95.6%vs.96.0%,P=0.708),were not significantly different.Conclusions:For total laparoscopic rectal resection,transanal NOSE using the prolapsing technique is effective and safe,and associated with less trauma and pain,a faster recovery,and similar survival outcomes compared to CLS.Zhao Lu Haipeng Chen Mingguang Zhang Xu Guan Zhixun Zhao Zheng Jiang Zheng Liu Zhaoxu Zheng Xishan Wang 2020Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2020,32,5:6
9Retreatment of a patient who presented with synchronous multiple primary colorectal carcinoma: report of a case显示文摘It is well known that one-stage resection of synchronous multiple primary colorectal carcinoma is an ideal choice if the patient's physical condition is not bad. Detailed examination of the whole intestinal tract is very important for patients with colorectal cancer, which could prevent patients from receiving repeat treatment to a great extent. We present a case report of a patient with synchronous primary colorectal cancer. Because pre-or intra-operative examination is not sufficient at his first consultation, the patient had undergone multiple operations after receiving chemotherapy, radiotherapy and intestinal stent insertion, which results in peritoneal adhesions formation. The preoperative placement of prophylactic ureteral catheters facilitated recognition of ureters in operation that assure the prevention of ureteral injuries. If not aware of the importance of detailed preoperative examination and standardized treatment can lead to wrong treatment as in this case. Prophylactic ureteral catheters might assist in their immediate recognition.Zheng Jiang Shan Muhammad Xishan Wang 2013Chinese Journal of Cancer Research2013,25,4:6
10Strengthening effect of Cu-rich phase precipitation in 18Cr9Ni3CuNbN austenitic heat-resisting steel显示文摘The Cu-containing austenitic heat-resistant steel 18Cr9Ni3CuNbN, which is being used as superheater and reheater tube material for modern ultra-super-critical (USC) power plants all over the world, has been investigated at 650 ℃ long time aging till 10 000 h. SEM, TEM and 3DAP (three dimensional atom probe) have been used to follow microstructural changes with mechanical property variations. Experimental results show that Cu-rich phase and MX precipitate in the grains as well as M 23 C 6 precipitates at grain boundaries are the main precipitation strengthening phases in this steel. Among them Cu-rich phase is the most important strengthening phase. Homogeneous distribution of very fine nano-size Cu-rich phase has been formed at very early stage of 650 ℃ aging (less than 1 h). Cu atoms gradually concentrate to Cu-rich particles and the other elements (such as Fe, Cr, Ni etc) diffuse away from Curich particles to γ-matrix with the increasing of aging time at 650 ? C. The growth rate of Cu-rich phase at 650 ℃ long time aging is very slow and the average diameters of Cu-rich phase have been determined by TEM method. Cu-rich phase keeps in about 30 nm till 650 ℃ aging for 10 000 h. It shows that nano-size Cu-rich phase precipitation strengthening can be kept for long time aging at 650 ℃ because of its excellent stability at high temperatures. According to structure stability study and mechanical properties determination results the Cu-rich phase precipitation sequence and its strengthening mechanism model have been suggested and discussed.Chengyu CHI Hongyao YU Jianxin DONG Xishan XIE Zhengqiang CUI Xiaofang CHEN Fusheng LIN 2011Acta Metallurgica Sinica(English Letters)2011,24,2:6
11NEW DEVELOPMENT IN DOUBLE GLOW SURFACE ALLOYING TECHNOLOGY显示文摘Several kinds of special alloys are produced on the surfaces of iron and steels by using double glow surface alloying technology. Surface Ni-Cr-Mo-Nb alloy,surface precipitation hardening high speed steel and surface precipitation hardening stainless steel are introduced.Xu Zhong Liu Xiaoping Li Zhonghou Research Institute of Surface Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, ChinaXie Xishan Zhang Xu University of Science and Technology Beijing 2002Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering2002,15,2:5
12Phenomenon and Mechanism of High Temperature Low Plasticity in High-Cr Nickel-based Superalloy显示文摘Cr is the most important element in nickel-based alloys to prevent high temperature oxidation and corrosion. However, high-Cr content will lead to a decline of hot workability which limits the addition of Cr for most nickel-based superalloys. In order to add more Cr into Ni-based alloy for improving high temperature oxidation and corrosion resistance, the poor hot workability of high-Cr alloy must be first solved. Deformation characteristic of a high-Cr nickel-based alloy (40 wt% Cr) under hot compression conditions at 800-1200℃ has been investigated by using a Gleeble 3500 machine, and the microstructural evolution during hot working process has been observed by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The results show that a high-temperature low-plasticity (HTLP) region exists in this high-Cr nickel-based alloy. This phenomenon can be attributed to its non-uniform interdendritic microstructure at high temperatures. These results can explain the poor hot workability of high-Cr nickel-based alloy.Zhongnan Bi Jianxin Dong Lei Zheng Xishan Xie 2013Journal of Materials Science & Technology2013,29,2:4
13Microstructure-based hot extrusion process control principles for nickel-base superalloy pipes显示文摘The properties of nickel-base superalloy pipes are determined by microstructure, and the microstructure can be tuned by hot extrusion process. There are two major questions in hot extrusion: one is how to successfully extrude pipes without apparent defects, the other is how to make the microstructure under control. However, up to now, there is no systematical report about hot extrusion process and microstructure control for nickel-base superalloys. In present study, a series of technical control principles for hot extrusion are proposed basing on practical manufacture facts, large amounts of experimental studies and finite element simulation of several typical nickel-base superalloys. The common used technical control principles can be applied for hot extrusion parameters determination to maintain safety hot extrusion and microstructure control. In the investigation of microstructure control based hot extrusion principles, the action rules of different working parameters on hot extrusion field quantities were established. The upper and lower limits of different principles were obtained in consideration of materials characteristics and extruder conditions. The limitations were overlapped on the action rules to determine the optimized hot extrusion parameters. The microstructure-based control principle proposed in present work can provide theoretical guidance for hot extrusion parameter determination and optimization.He Jiang Linhan Li Jianxin Dong Xishan Xie 2018Progress in Natural Science:Materials International2018,28,3:4
14A phenomenological constitutive equation for Rene 95 PM alloy and its application to isothermal forging process of turbine disk显示文摘The flow behavior of Rene 95 PM alloy was studied from 1050 to 1150℃with strain rate of 1€?10, 1€?10, 1€?10 and 1. At a given temperature and strain rate, flow curves exhibit a peak followed by flow softening up to a steady state. Moreover, at constant strain, flow stress increases with increasing strain rate and decreasing temperature. An equation relating hyperbolic sine of flow stress to hot working parameters, such as strain, strain rate and temperature, was established by using multiple nonlinear regression method. A very good agreement was found between predicted and experimental flow stress in all the strain range investigated. Application of the constitutive equation in predicting forming loads and flow behavior and temperature distribution in both upper and lower dies in an isothermal forging process of turbine disk of large dimension (about 630mm) by means of a finite element code was systematically analyzed.Maicang Zhang, Jianxin Dong, Yanping Zeng, Xishan XieMaterials Science and Engineering School, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China 2002Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing2002,9,4:4
15Effects of Different Operative Procedures on the Digestive and Nutritional Status of Patients Treated with a Gastrectomy for Gastric Cancer显示文摘Postgastrectomy syndromes evoked by the loss of several gastric functions after total or subtotal gastrectomy are very common. Dif- ferent kinds of reconstruction have been developed to overcome the problem. Patients with preservation of a duodenal passage and jejunal interposition with or without a pouch show a better quality of life and mini- mal symptoms postoperatively. A jejunal interposition with or without a pouch after proximal or distal subtotal gastrictomy seems to improve the nutritional condition and quality of life. The prognostic nutritional index (PNI), Visick score, Spitzer index and the European Organization for Re- search and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) questionnaire (QLQ-C30) are available to evaluate the quality of life and nutritional status after gastrec- tomy.Han Liang Xishan Hao 2006Chinese Journal of Clinical Oncology2006,3,3:4
16Influence of Perioperative Blood Transfusion on Prognosis in Patients with Colon Cancer显示文摘客观:探索起作用的仙子的影响有结肠癌的病人的手术后的幸存上的输血。方法:Univariate 和 multivariateretrospective 分析总共在 10 年的一个时期期间通过手术被对待的 723 个结肠癌病人的在幸存上被执行。结果:Kaplan-Meier 估计显示出起作用的那超过 800 mL 仙子输血幸存预言者。输血显著地影响了病人的预后 40 岁并且更年轻,那些 undergoinghelicoloectomy 左边,那些与乳头状腺癌,那些与大肿瘤(直径≥ 8cm ) ,那些与阶段Ⅰ肿瘤,那些与没有肝转移的淋巴的节点转移和那些。在里面多变量分析仅仅肿瘤地点,操作的 radicality,淋巴的侵略,肝转移,肿瘤侵略的深度和 TNM 舞台保留了他们的 significance.Conclusion:Perioperative 输血是为有到某程度的结肠癌的病人的预示的因素。输血的指示必须严格地被限制,特殊比 40 岁年轻的住院病人与右边损害,乳头状腺癌,大肿瘤(直径≥ 8 厘米) ,阶段Ⅰ肿瘤和淋巴的节点转移或没有肝转移。Butperioperative 输血不能为有阶段Ⅳ疾病并且与远转移的病人是有害的。LIANG Han WANG Xiaona WANG Baogui PAN Yuan LIU Ning WANG Dianchang HAO Xishan 2006The Chinese-German Journal of Clinical Oncology2006,5,4:3
17Hierarchical hybrid testability modeling and evaluation method based on information fusion显示文摘In order to meet the demand of testability analysis and evaluation for complex equipment under a small sample test in the equipment life cycle, the hierarchical hybrid testability modeling and evaluation method(HHTME), which combines the testability structure model(TSM) with the testability Bayesian networks model(TBNM), is presented. Firstly, the testability network topology of complex equipment is built by using the hierarchical hybrid testability modeling method. Secondly, the prior conditional probability distribution between network nodes is determined through expert experience. Then the Bayesian method is used to update the conditional probability distribution, according to history test information, virtual simulation information and similar product information. Finally, the learned hierarchical hybrid testability model(HHTM) is used to estimate the testability of equipment. Compared with the results of other modeling methods, the relative deviation of the HHTM is only 0.52%, and the evaluation result is the most accurate.Xishan Zhang Kaoli Huang Pengcheng Yan Guangyao Lian 2015Journal of Systems Engineering and Electronics2015,26,3:3
18Microstructural stability and mechanical properties of a new nickel-based superalloy显示文摘Shuangqun Zhao Xishan Xie Gaylord D. Smith Shailesh J. Patel 2003Materials Science & Engineering A2003,,1:3
19Crack initiation and propagation induced by inclusions in a nickel-base P/M superalloy under fatigue load显示文摘In situ fatigue tests in special designed SEM were conducted to trace the whole process of crack initiation andpropagation till to fracture in nickel-base P/M superalloy seeded inclusions. The experimental results show that non-metallicinclusions can induce crack initiation. When the inclusion size is larger than the critical one, the crack can propagate as themain crack that induces the specimen to fracture. As a result, the LCF life of the specimen decreases.ZENG Yanping ZHANG Maicang DONG Jianxin ZHANG Lina XIE Xishan 2005Rare Metals2005,24,3:2
20Ni-based superalloy surface alloying by double-glow plasma surface alloying technique显示文摘Xu Jiang Xu Zhang Xishan Xie Zhong Xu Wenjin Liu 2003Vacuum2003,,4:2
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