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| 1 | Observations of the Karimata Strait througflow from December 2007 to November 2008显示文摘In order to quantitatively estimate the volume and property transports between the South China Sea and Indonesian Seas via the Karimata Strait, two trawl-resistant bottom mounts, with ADCPs embedded, were deployed in the strait to measure the velocity profile as part of the South China Sea-Indonesian Seas transport/exchange (SITE) program. A pair of surface and bottom acoustic modems was employed to transfer the measured velocity without recovering the mooring. The advantage and problems of the instruments in this field work are reported and discussed. The field observations confirm the existence of the South China Sea branch of Indonesian throughflow via the Karimata Strait with a stronger southward flow in boreal winter and weaker southward bottom flow in boreal summer, beneath the upper layer northward (reversal) flow. The estimate of the averaged volume, heat and freshwater transports from December 2007 to March 2008 (winter) is (-2.7 ± 1.1) × 10 6 m3/s, (-0.30 ± 0.11) PW, (-0.18 ± 0.07) × 106m3/s and from May to September 2008 (summer) is (1.2 ± 0.6) × 106m3/s, (0.14 ± 0.03) PW, (0.12 ± 0.04) × 106m3/s and for the entire record from December 2007 to October 2008 is (-0.5 ± 1.9) × 10 6 m3/s, (-0.05 ± 0.22) PW, (-0.01 ± 0.15) × 106m3/s (negative/positive represents southward/northward transport), respectively. The existence of southward bottom flow in boreal summer implies that the downward sea surface slope from north to south as found by Fang et al. (2010) for winter is a year-round phenomenon. | SUSANTO R Dwi WEI Zexun ADI Rameyo T FAN Bin LI Shujiang FANG Guohong | 2013 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2013，32，5： | 9 |
| 2 | An overview of 10-year observation of the South China Sea branch of the Pacific to Indian Ocean throughflow at the Karimata Strait显示文摘Besides the Indonesian throughflow(ITF), the South China Sea throughflow(SCSTF) also contributes to the water transport from the Pacific to the Indian Ocean. However, this South China Sea(SCS) branch at the Karimata Strait is poorly observed until 2007, even though its importance has been suggested by numerical studies for decades. In this paper, we review the nearly 10-year field measurement in the Karimata Strait by the execution of the projects of 'SCS-Indonesian Seas Transport/Exchange(SITE) and Impacts on Seasonal Fish Migration' and 'The Transport, Internal Waves and Mixing in the Indonesian Throughflow regions(TIMIT) and Impacts on Marine Ecosystem', which extend the observations from the western Indonesian seas to the east to include the main channels of the ITF, is introduced. Some major achievements from these projects are summarized. | Zexun Wei Shujiang Li R.Dwi Susanto Yonggang Wang Bin Fan Tengfei Xu Budi Sulistiyo T.Rameyo Adi Agus Setiawan A.Kuswardani Guohong Fang | 2019 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2019，38，4： | 9 |
| 3 | Long baroclinic Rossby waves with periods of about 500 d near 20°N in the northwest Pacific Ocean显示文摘On the basis of maps of sea level anomalies data set from October 1992 to January 2004, pronounced low frequency variations with periods of about 500 d are detected in the area near 20°N from 160°W to 130°E. A linear two-layer model is employed to explain the mechanism. It is found that the first-mode long baroclinic Rossby waves at 20°N in the northwest Pacific propagate westward in the form of free waves at a speed of about 10.3 cm/s. This confirms that the observed low frequency variabilities appear as baroclinic Rossby waves. It further shows that these low frequency variabilities around 20°N in the northwest Pacific can potentially be predicted with a lead up to 900 d. | CHEN Haiying QIAO Fangli FANG Guohong WANG Yonggang WEI Zexun | 2006 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2006，25，3： | 6 |
| 4 | Vertical displacement loading tides and self-attraction and loading tides in the Bohai, Yellow, and East China Seas显示文摘The loading tides are calculated by means of the Green's function method based on a high-resolution regional ocean tide model, the TOPO7.0 global ocean tide model, and the Gutenberg-Bullen A Earth model. The results show that the maximal amplitude of M2 vertical displacement loading (VDL) tide in the Bohai, Yellow, and East China Seas exceeding 28mm appears 150km off the Zhejiang coast; the second maximum exceeding 20mm appears in Inchon Bay; and the third maximum exceeding 14mm is located in the northeast of the North Yellow Sea. The maximal amplitudes of S2 VDL tide at the above three locations exceed 10, 8, and 4mm, respectively. The maximal amplitudes of the K1 and O1 VDL tides, exceeding 13 and 10 mm respectively, appear near the central and north Ryukyu Islands; the amplitudes tend to decease toward the inward areas. The phases of semidiurnal VDL tides are basically opposite to those of corresponding ocean tides. The phases of diurnal VDL tides are basically opposite to those of corresponding ocean tides in the most part of the East China Sea and the eastern part of the South Yellow Sea. This anti-phase relationship generally does not hold in the rest parts of the Bohai and Yellow Seas. The distribution patterns of self-attraction and loading (SAL) tides are very similar to those of VDL tides. The SAL tides have amplitudes about 1.2-1.7 times of the corresponding VDL tides and their phases are basically opposite to the corresponding VDL tides. The maximal amplitude of M2 SAL tide also appears off the Zhejiang coast, with a magnitude exceeding 42mm. | FANG GuoHong XU XiaoQing WEI ZeXun WANG YongGang WANG XinYi | 2013 | Science China Earth Sciences2013，56，1： | 6 |
| 5 | Seasonal variation of water transport through the Karimata Strait显示文摘Four trawl-resistant bottom mounts, with acoustic Doppler current profilers(ADCPs) embedded, were deployed in the Karimata Strait from November 2008 to June 2015 as part of the South China Sea-Indonesian Seas Transport/Exchange and Impact on Seasonal Fish Migration(SITE) Program, to estimate the volume and property transport between the South China Sea and Indonesian seas via the strait. The observed current data reveal that the volume transport through the Karimata Strait exhibits significant seasonal variation. The winteraveraged(from December to February) transport is –1.99 Sv(1 Sv=1×10~6 m^3/s), while in the boreal summer(from June to August), the average transport is 0.69 Sv. Moreover, the average transport from January 2009 to December2014 is –0.74 Sv(the positive/negative value indicates northward/southward transport). May and September are the transition period. In May, the currents in the Karimata Strait turn northward, consistent with the local monsoon. In September, the southeasterly trade wind is still present over the strait, driving surface water northward, whereas the bottom flow reverses direction, possibly because of the pressure gradient across the strait from north to south. | Yan Wang Tengfei Xu Shujiang Li R.Dwi Susanto Teguh Agustiadi Mukti Trenggono Wei Tan Zexun Wei | 2019 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2019，38，4： | 5 |
| 6 | Cotidal charts and tidal power input atlases of the global ocean from TOPEX/Poseidon and JASON-1 altimetry显示文摘The global distributions of eight principal tidal constituents, M_2 , S_2 , K_1 , O_1 , N_2 , K_2 , P_1 , and Q_1 , are derived using TOPEX/Poseidon and JASON-1(T/P-J) satellite altimeter data for 16 a. The intercomparison of the derived harmonics at 7000 subsatellite track crossover points shows that the root mean square (RMS) values of the tidal height differences of the above eight constituents range from 1.19 cm to 2.67 cm, with an average of about 2 cm. The RMS values of the tidal height differences between T/P-J solutions and the harmonics from ground measurements at 152 tidal gauge stations for the above constituents range from 0.34 cm to 1.08 cm, and the relative deviations range from 0.031 to 0.211. The root sum square of the RMS differences of these eight constituents is 2.12 cm, showing the improvement of the present model over the existing global ocean tidal models. Based on the obtained tidal model the global ocean tidal energetics is studied and the global distribution of the tidal power input density by tide-generating force of each constituent is calculated, showing that the power input source regions of semidiurnal tides are mainly concentrated in the tropical belt between 30 S and 30 N, while the power input source regions of diurnal tides are mainly concentrated off the tropic oceans. The global energy dissipation rates of the M_2 , S_2 , K_1 , O_1 , N_2 , P_1 , K_2 and Q_1 tides are 2.424, 0.401, 0.334, 0.160, 0.113, 0.035, 0.030 and 0.006 TW, respectively. The total global tidal dissipation rate of these eight constituents amounts to 3.5 TW. | WANG Yihang FANG Guohong WEI Zexun WANG Yonggang WANG Xinyi XU Xiaoqing | 2012 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2012，31，4： | 5 |
| 7 | 中国第9次北极考察概述显示文摘中国第9次北极考察航次于2018年7月20日至9月26日执行,在白令海、楚科奇海、楚科奇海台、门捷列夫海岭和加拿大海盆开展了物理海洋、海洋气象、海冰、海洋化学、海洋生物、海洋生态、地质和地球物理等多学科综合考察。本文对中国第9次北极考察取得的主要成果进行了概述。 | WEI Zexun CHEN Hongxia LEI Ruibo YU Xiaoguo ZHANG Tao LIN Lina TIAN Zhongxiang ZHUANG Yanpei LI Tao YUAN Zhuoli | 2020 | Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters2020，13，1： | 4 |
| 8 | Mean sea surface heights of the South and East China Seas from ocean circulation model and geodetic leveling显示文摘The mean sea surface heights (sea surface topography) of the South China, East China, Yellow and Bohai Seas are derived from an ocean general circulation model and surface air pressure. The circulation model covers the global oceans, with fine grid (1/6°)? covering the East Asian marginal seas and coarse grid (3°) covering the rest part of the global oceans. The result shows that the China 1985 Na-tional Altitude Datum is 24.7 cm above the mean sea surface height of the world oceans. The mean sea surface in the coastal ocean adjacent to China is higher in the south than in the north. Intercomparison of the model results with the geodetic leveling measurements at 28 coastal tidal stations shows a standard deviation of 4.8 cm and a fitting coefficient of 95.3%. After correction through linear regression, the standard deviation is reduced to 4.5 cm. This indicates that the accuracy of model results is sufficient for practical application. Based on the model results, the mean sea surface heights for the | FANG Guohong WEI Zexun FANG Yue WANG Kai Choi Byungho | 2002 | Chinese Science Bulletin2002，47，4： | 3 |
| 9 | Development of a fine-resolution atmosphere-wave-ocean coupled forecasting model for the South China Sea and its adjacent seas显示文摘A 72-h fine-resolution atmosphere-wave-ocean coupled forecasting system was developed for the South China Sea and its adjacent seas. The forecasting model domain covers from from 15°S to 45°N in latitude and 99°E to135°E in longitude including the Bohai Sea, the Yellow Sea, the East China Sea, the South China Sea and the Indonesian seas. To get precise initial conditions for the coupled forecasting model, the forecasting system conducts a 24-h hindcast simulation with data assimilation before forecasting. The Ensemble Adjustment Kalman Filter(EAKF) data assimilation method was adopted for the wave model MASNUM with assimilating Jason-2 significant wave height(SWH) data. The EAKF data assimilation method was also introduced to the ROMS model with assimilating sea surface temperature(SST), mean absolute dynamic topography(MADT) and Argo profiles data. To improve simulation of the structure of temperature and salinity, the vertical mixing scheme of the ocean model was improved by considering the surface wave induced vertical mixing and internal wave induced vertical mixing. The wave and current models were integrated from January 2014 to October 2015 driven by the ECMWF reanalysis 6 hourly mean dataset with data assimilation. Then the coupled atmosphere-wave-ocean forecasting system was carried out 14 months operational running since November 2015. The forecasting outputs include atmospheric forecast products, wave forecast products and ocean forecast products. A series of observation data are used to evaluate the coupled forecasting results, including the wind, SHW, ocean temperature and velocity.The forecasting results are in good agreement with observation data. The prediction practice for more than one year indicates that the coupled forecasting system performs stably and predict relatively accurate, which can support the shipping safety, the fisheries and the oil exploitation. | Junchuan Sun Zexun Wei Tengfei Xu Meng Sun Kun Liu Yongzeng Yang Li Chen Hong Zhao Xunqiang Yin Weizhong Feng Zhiyuan Zhang Yonggang Wang | 2019 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2019，38，4： | 3 |
| 10 | Seasonal variability of the isopycnal surface circulation in the South China Sea derived from a variable-grid global ocean circulation model显示文摘In this study, we develop a variable-grid global ocean general circulation model(OGCM) with a fine grid(1/6)°covering the area from 20°S–50°N and from 99°–150°E, and use the model to investigate the isopycnal surface circulation in the South China Sea(SCS). The simulated results show four layer structures in vertical: the surface and subsurface circulation of the SCS are characterized by the monsoon driven circulation, with basin-scaled cyclonic gyre in winter and anti-cyclonic gyre in summer. The intermediate layer circulation is opposite to the upper layer, showing anti-cyclonic gyre in winter but cyclonic gyre in summer. The circulation in the deep layer is much weaker in spring and summer, with the maximum velocity speed below 0.6 cm/s. In fall and winter, the SCS deep layer circulation shows strong east boundary current along the west coast of Philippine with the velocity speed at 1.5 m/s, which flows southward in fall and northward in winter. The results have also revealed a fourlayer vertical structure of water exchange through the Luzon Strait. The dynamics of the intermediate and deep circulation are attributed to the monsoon driving and the Luzon Strait transport forcing. | WEI Zexun FANG Guohong XU Tengfei WANG Yonggang LIAN Zhan | 2016 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2016，35，1： | 2 |
| 11 | Interbasin exchanges and their roles in global ocean circulation:A study based on 1 400 years' spin up of MOM4p1显示文摘A global prognostic model based on MOM4p1,which is a primitive equation nonBoussinesq numerical model,has been integrated with 1 400 years from the state of rest based on the realistic topography to study the long-term pattern of combined wind-driven and thermodynamically-driven general circulation.The model is driven by monthly climatological mean forces and includes 192×189 horizontal grids and31 pressure-based vertical levels.The main objective is to investigate the mass and heat transports at interbasin passages and their compensations and roles in the global ocean circulation under equilibrium state of long-term spin up.The kinetic energy analysis divides the spin up process into three stages:the quasi-stable state of wind driven current,the growing phase of thermodynamical circulation and the equilibrium state of thermohaline circulation.It is essential to spin up over a thousand years in order to reach the thermohaline equilibrium state from a state of rest.The Arctic Throughflow from the Bering Strait to the Greenland Sea and the Indonesian Throughflow(ITF)are captured and examined with their compensations and existing data.Analysis reveals that the slope structures of sea surface height are the dynamical driving mechanism of the Pacific-Arctic-Atlantic throughflow and ITF.The analysis denotes,in spite of O(1.4×106m3/s)of the southward volume transport in the northern Atlantic,that there is still O(1 PW)of heat transported northward since the northward currents in the upper layer carry much higher temperature water than the southward flowing northern Atlantic deep water(NADW).Meridional volume and heat transports are focused on the contributions to NADW renewals and Atlantic meridional overturning circulation(AMOC).Quantitative descriptions of the interbasin exchanges are explained by meridional compensations and supported by previous observations and numerical modeling results.Analysis indicates that the volume and heat exchanges on the interbasin passages proposed in this article manifest their hub roles in the Great Ocean Conveyor System. | ZHU Yaohua WEI Zexun FANG Guohong WANG Yonggang GUAN Yuping | 2014 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2014，33，1： | 2 |
| 12 | Vertical development of a Prorocentrum donghaiense bloom in the coastal waters of the East China Sea: coupled biophysical numerical modeling显示文摘Algal blooms caused by Prorocentrum donghaiense occurred frequently in the East China Sea(ECS) during spring in recent years. In this study, a coupled biophysical model was used to hindcast a massive P. donghaiense bloom that occurred in 2005 and to determine the factors influencing bloom initiation and development. The model comprised the Regional Ocean Modeling System tailored for the ECS that utilized a multi-nested configuration and a population dynamics model for P. donghaiense. Comparisons between simulations and observations revealed that the biological model is capable of reproducing the characteristics of P. donghaiense growth under different irradiances and phosphorus limitation scenarios. The variation of intracellular phosphorus and the effects of P. donghaiense on ambient nutrients conditions were also reproduced. The biophysical model hindcasted the hydrodynamics and spatiotemporal distributions of the P. donghaiense bloom reasonably well.Bloom development was consistent with observations reported in earlier studies. The results demonstrate the capability of the model in capturing subsurface incubation during bloom initiation. Then model's hindcast solutions were further used to diagnose the factors controlling the vertical distribution. Phosphate appeared to be one of the factors controlling the subsurface incubation, whereas surface wind fields played an important role in determining P. donghaiense distribution. The results highlight the importance of nutrient-limitation as a mechanism in the formation of P. donghaiense subsurface layers and the dispersing of P. donghaiense blooms.This coupled biophysical model should be improved and used to investigate P. donghaiense blooms occurring in different scenarios. | SUN Ke QIU Zhongfeng HE Yijun FAN Wei WEI Zexun | 2017 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2017，36，6： | 2 |
| 13 | Interannual variation of the South China Sea circu- lation and its relation to E1 Nino, as seen from a varia- ble grid global ocean model 显示文摘 | WANG Yonggang FANG Guohong WEI Zexun | 2006 | Journal of Geophysical Research2006，，： | 1 |
| 14 | Characteristics and temporal variations of near-bottom currents near the Dongsha Island in the northern South China Sea显示文摘Near-bottom currents play important roles in the formation and dynamics of deep-water sedimentary systems.This study examined the characteristics and temporal variations of near-bottom currents, especially the tidal components, based on two campaigns(2014 and 2016) of in situ observations conducted southeast of the Dongsha Island in the South China Sea. Results demonstrated near-bottom currents are dominated by tidal currents, the variance of which could account for ~70% of the total current variance. Diurnal tidal currents were found stronger than semidiurnal currents for both barotropic and baroclinic components. The diurnal tidal currents were found polarized with predominantly clockwise-rotating constituents, whereas the clockwise and counterclockwise constituents were found comparable for semidiurnal tidal currents. It was established that diurnal tidal currents could induce strong current shear. Baroclinic tidal currents showed pronounced seasonal variation with large magnitude in winter and summer and weak magnitude in spring and autumn in 2014. The coherent components accounted for ~65% and ~50% of the diurnal and semidiurnal tidal current variances,respectively. The proportions of the coherent and incoherent components changed little in different seasons. In addition to tidal currents, it was determined that the passing of mesoscale eddies could induce strong nearbottom currents that have considerable influence on the deep circulation. | Dawei Li Zexun Wei Yonggang Wang Shujiang Li Tengfei Xu Guanlin Wang Fei Teng | 2019 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2019，38，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Interocean circulation and heat and freshwater budgets of the South China Sea based on a numerical model显示文摘 | FANG Guohong WANG Yonggang WEI Zexun | 2009 | Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans2009，47，1： | 1 |
| 16 | A study of intra-seasonal variations in the subsurface water temperatures in the South China Sea显示文摘Through analysis of the results of a verified high-fidelity numerical model, the intra-seasonal variations(ISVs) in the depth of the 22°C isotherm(D22) in the South China Sea(SCS) basin are investigated. The results show that the ISVs in the D22 exhibit distinct seasonality in the SCS. The ISVs in the D22 are quite significant, especially within a band along the northwestern boundary of the basin and at the southern end of the basin during boreal winter. In these areas, the ratio of the standard deviations(STDs) of intra-seasonal band to the STDs of total data could exceed 0.6. Although the ISVs in the D22 are detectable in the area affected by the Vietnam Offshore Current during boreal summer and autumn, these variations are sometimes overwhelmed by oscillations with other frequencies. An analysis of the causes of the ISVs in the D22 in the SCS indicates that sea surface fluxes and wind stirring are not the dominant external driving mechanisms of the phenomena described above. The ISVs in the D22 are thought to be induced mainly by the thermodynamic adjustment of the ocean itself and the associated instabilities. The energy of the northern and southern bands that display strong ISVs in the D22 may be derived from eddy kinetic energy, rather than eddy available potential energy. The diversity of the propagation of the ISVs in the D22 is very conspicuous within these two bands. | Zhan Lian Baonan Sun Zexun Wei Yonggang Wang Xinyi Wang | 2019 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2019，38，4： | 1 |
| 17 | Vertical velocity and transport in the South China Sea显示文摘Deep water in the South China Sea is renewed by the cold and dense Luzon Strait overflow.However,from where and how the deep water upwells is poorly understood yet.Based on the Hybrid Coordinate Ocean Model reanalysis data,vertical velocity is derived to answer these questions.Domain-integrated vertical velocity is of two maxima,one in the shallow water and the other at depth,and separated by a layer of minimum at the bottom of the thermocline.Further analysis shows that this two-segmented vertical transport is attributed to the vertical compensation of subsurface water to the excessive outflow of shallow water and upward push of the dense Luzon Strait overflow,respectively.In the abyssal basin,the vertical transport increases upward from zero at the depth of 3500–4000 m and reaches a maximum of 1.5×10^(6) m^(3)/s at about 1500 m.Deep water upwells mainly from the northeastern and southwestern ends of the abyssal basin and off the continental slopes.To explain the upward velocity arising from slope breaks,a possible mechanism is proposed that an onshore velocity component can be derived from the deep western boundary current above steep slopes under bottom friction. | Yaohua Zhu Dingqi Wang Yonggang Wang Shujiang Li Tengfei Xu Zexun Wei | 2022 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2022，41，7： | 1 |
| 18 | Correlation analysis of the North Equatorial Current bifurcation and the Indonesian Throughflow显示文摘Based on monthly mean Simple Ocean Data Assimilation(SODA) products from 1958 to 2007,this study analyzes the seasonal and interannual variability of the North Equatorial Current(NEC) bifurcation latitude and the Indonesian Throughflow(ITF) volume transport. Further,Empirical Mode Decomposition(EMD) method and lag-correlation analysis are employed to reveal the relationships between the NEC bifurcation location,NEC and ITF volume transport and ENSO events. The analysis results of the seasonal variability show that the annual mean location of NEC bifurcation in upper layer occurs at 14.33°N and ITF volume transport has a maximum value in summer,a minimum value in winter and an annual mean transport of 7.75×106 m3/s. The interannual variability analysis indicates that the variability of NEC bifurcation location can be treated as a precursor of El Ni?o. The correlation coefficient between the two reaches the maximum of 0.53 with a time lag of 2 months. The ITF volume transport is positively related with El Ni?o events with a maximum coefficient of 0.60 by 3 months. The NEC bifurcation location is positively correlated with the ITF volume transport with a correlation coefficient of 0.43. | ZHAO Yunxia WEI Zexun WANG Yonggang XU Tengfei FENG Ying | 2015 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2015，34，9： | 1 |
| 19 | Effects of the surface wave-induced mixing on circulation in an isopycnal-coordinate oceanic circulation model显示文摘The influence of the nonbreaking surface wave-induced mixing under the mixed layer on the oceanic circulation was investigated using an isopycnal-coordinate oceanic circulation model. The effect of the wave-induced mixing within the mixed layer was eliminated via a bulk mixed layer model. The results show that the wave-induced mixing can penetrate through the mixed layer and into the oceanic interior. The wave-induced mixing under the mixed layer has an important effect on the distribution of temperature of the upper ocean at middle and high latitudes in summer, especially the structure of the seasonal thermocline. Moreover, the wave-induced mixing can affect the oceanic circulation, such as western boundary currents and the North Equatorial Currents through changes of sea surface height associated with the variation of the thermal structure of the upper ocean. | HUANG Chuanjiang QIAO Fangli WEI Zexun | 2013 | Acta Oceanologica Sinica2013，32，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Empirical cotidal charts of the Bohai, Yellow and China Sea from 10 years of TOPEX/POSEIDON altimetry 显示文摘 | Fang Guohong Wang Yonggang Wei Zexun | 2004 | Journal of Geophysical Research2004，109，11： | 1 |
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