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| 1 | Precise nanomedicine for intelligent therapy of cancer显示文摘Precise nanomedicine has been extensively explored for efficient cancer imaging and targeted cancer therapy, as evidenced by a few breakthroughs in their preclinical and clinical explorations. Here, we demonstrate the recent advances of intelligent cancer nanomedicine, and discuss the comprehensive understanding of their structure-function relationship for smart and efficient cancer nanomedicine including various imaging and therapeutic applications, as well as nanotoxicity. In particular, a few emerging strategies that have advanced cancer nanomedicine are also highlighted as the emerging focus such as tumor imprisonment, supramolecular chemotherapy, and DNA nanorobot. The challenge and outlook of some scientific and engineering issues are also discussed in future development. We wish to highlight these new progress of precise nanomedicine with the ultimate goal to inspire more successful explorations of intelligent nanoparticles for future clinical translations. | Huabing Chen Zhanjun Gu Hongwei An Chunying Chen Jie Chen Ran Cui Siqin Chen Weihai Chen Xuesi Chen Xiaoyuan Chen Zhuo Chen Baoquan Ding Qian Dong Qin Fan Ting Fu Dayong Hou Qiao Jiang Hengte Ke Xiqun Jiang Gang Liu Suping Li Tianyu Li Zhuang Liu Guangjun Nie Muhammad Ovais Daiwen Pang Nasha Qiu Youqing Shen Huayu Tian Chao Wang Hao Wang Ziqi Wang Huaping Xu Jiang-Fei Xu Xiangliang Yang Shuang Zhu Xianchuang Zheng Xianzheng Zhang Yanbing Zhao Weihong Tan Xi Zhang Yuliang Zhao | 2018 | Science China Chemistry2018，61，12： | 19 |
| 2 | First experimental demonstration of coherent beam combining of more than 100 beams显示文摘Coherent beam combining of 107 beams has been demonstrated for the first time to the best of our knowledge.When the system was in closed loop,the pattern in far-field was stable and the fringe contrast was>96%.The impact of the dynamic tilt error,the piston error,and power inconsistency was theoretically analyzed.Meanwhile,the distribution law of dynamic tilt error was estimated and the correlation of the tilt dithering of different axis was analyzed statistically.The ratio of power in the central lobe was^22.5%.The phase residue error in the closed loop was~λ∕22,which was evaluated by the root-mean-square error of the signal generated from the photoelectric detector. | HONGXIANG CHANG QI CHANG JIACHAO XI TIANYUE HOU RONGTAO SU PENGFEI MA JIAN WUCAN LI MAN JIANG YANXING MA PU ZHOU | 2020 | Photonics Research2020，8，12： | 17 |
| 3 | Drug resistance mechanisms and novel drug targets for tuberculosis therapy显示文摘Drug-resistant tuberculosis(TB) poses a significant challenge to the successful treatment and control of TB worldwide.Resistance to anti-TB drugs has existed since the beginning of the chemotherapy era.New insights into the resistant mechanisms of anti-TB drugs have been provided.Better understanding of drug resistance mechanisms helps in the development of new tools for the rapid diagnosis of drugresistant TB.There is also a pressing need in the development of new drugs with novel targets to improve the current treatment of TB and to prevent the emergence of drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis.This review summarizes the anti-TB drug resistance mechanisms,furnishes some possible novel drug targets in the development of new agents for TB therapy and discusses the usefulness using known targets to develop new anti-TB drugs.Whole genome sequencing is currently an advanced technology to uncover drug resistance mechanisms in M.tuberculosis.However,further research is required to unravel the significance of some newly discovered gene mutations in their contribution to drug resistance. | Md Mahmudul Islam H.M. Adnan Hameed Julius Mugweru Chiranjibi Chhotaray Changwei Wang Yaoju Tan Jianxiong Liu Xinjie Li Shouyong Tan Iwao Ojima Wing Wai Yew Eric Nuermberger Gyanu Lamichhane Tianyu Zhang | 2017 | Journal of Genetics and Genomics2017，44，1： | 15 |
| 4 | Deep-learning-based phase control method for tiled aperture coherent beam combining systems显示文摘We incorporate deep learning(DL)into tiled aperture coherent beam combining(CBC)systems for the first time,to the best of our knowledge.By using a well-trained convolutional neural network DL model,which has been constructed at a non-focal-plane to avoid the data collision problem,the relative phase of each beamlet could be accurately estimated,and then the phase error in the CBC system could be compensated directly by a servo phase control system.The feasibility and extensibility of the phase control method have been demonstrated by simulating the coherent combining of different hexagonal arrays.This DL-based phase control method offers a new way of eliminating dynamic phase noise in tiled aperture CBC systems,and it could provide a valuable reference on alleviating the long-standing problem that the phase control bandwidth decreases as the number of array elements increases. | Tianyue Hou Yi An Qi Chang Pengfei Ma Jun Li Dong Zhi Liangjin Huang Rongtao Su Jian Wu Yanxing Ma Pu Zhou | 2019 | High Power Laser Science and Engineering2019，7，4： | 10 |
| 5 | CROWN:A service grid middleware with trust management mechanism显示文摘Based on a proposed Web service-based grid architecture, a service grid middleware system called CROWN is designed in this paper. As the two kernel points of the middleware, the overlay-based distributed grid resource management mechanism is proposed, and the policy-based distributed access control mechanism with the capability of automatic negotiation of the access control policy and trust management and negotia- tion is also discussed in this paper. Experience of CROWN testbed deployment and ap- plication development shows that the middleware can support the typical scenarios such as computing-intensive applications, data-intensive applications and mass information processing applications. | HUAI Jinpeng HU Chunming LI Jianxin SUN Hailong WO Tianyu | 2006 | Science in China(Series F)2006，49，6： | 8 |
| 6 | Deep-learning-assisted, two-stage phase control method for high-power mode-programmable orbital angular momentum beam generation显示文摘High-power mode-programmable orbital angular momentum(OAM)beams have received substantial attention in recent years.They are widely used in optical communication,nonlinear frequency conversion,and laser processing.To overcome the power limitation of a single beam,coherent beam combining(CBC)of laser arrays is used.However,in specific CBC systems used to generate structured light with a complex wavefront,eliminating phase noise and realizing flexible phase modulation proved to be difficult challenges.In this paper,we propose and demonstrate a two-stage phase control method that can generate OAM beams with different topological charges from a CBC system.During the phase control process,the phase errors are preliminarily compensated by a deep-learning(DL)network,and further eliminated by an optimization algorithm.Moreover,by modulating the expected relative phase vector and cost function,all-electronic flexible programmable switching of the OAM mode is realized.Results indicate that the proposed method combines the characteristics of DL for undesired convergent phase avoidance and the advantages of the optimization algorithm for accuracy improvement,thereby ensuring the high mode purity of the generated OAM beams.This work could provide a valuable reference for future implementation of high-power,fast switchable structured light generation and manipulation. | TIANYUE HOU YI AN QI CHANG PENGFEI MA JUN LI LIANGJIN HUANG DONG ZHI JIAN WU RONGTAO SU YANXING MA PU ZHOU | 2020 | Photonics Research2020，8，5： | 8 |
| 7 | A novel mutation in the MITF may be digenic with GJB2 mutations in a large Chinese family of Waardenburg syndrome type Ⅱ显示文摘Waardenburg syndrome typeⅡ(WS2) is associated with syndromic deafness.A subset of WS2,WS2A,accounting for approximately 15%of patients,is attributed to mutations in the microphthalmia-associated transcription factor(MITF) gene.We examined the genetic basis of WS2 in a large Chinese family.All 9 exons of the MITF gene,the single coding exon(exon 2) of the most common hereditary deafness gene GJB2 and the mitochondrial DNA(mtDNA) 12S rRNA were sequenced.A novel heterozygous mutation c.[742_743delAAinsT;746_747delCA]in exon 8 of the MITF gene co-segregates with WS2 in the family.The MITF mutation results in a premature termination codon and a truncated MITF protein with only 247 of the 419 wild type amino acids.The deaf proband had this MITF gene heterozygous mutation as well as a c.[109G>A]+ [235delC]compound heterozygous pathogenic mutation in the GJB2 gene.No pathogenic mutation was found in mtDNA 12S rRNA in this family.Thus,a novel compound heterozygous mutation,c.[742_743delAAinsT;746_747delCA]in MITF exon 8 was the key genetic reason for WS2 in this family,and a digenic effect of MITF and GJB2 genes may contribute to deafness of the proband. | Xukun Yan Tianyu Zhang Zhengmin Wang Yi Jiang Yan Chen Hongyan Wang Duan Ma Lei Wang Huawei Li | 2011 | Journal of Genetics and Genomics2011，38，12： | 8 |
| 8 | Addressing the Achilles'heel of pseudocapacitive materials:Long-term stability显示文摘Electrode materials with high energy densities and long-lasting performances are crucial to durable and reliable electrochemical energy storage devices for modern information technologies(eg,Internet of things).In terms of supercapacitors,their low energy densities could be enhanced by using pseudocapacitive electrodes,but meanwhile,their ultralong lifetimes are compromised by the limited chargedischarge cycling stabilities of pseudocapacitive materials.This review article discusses on the cycling instability issues of five common pseudocapacitive materials:conjugated polymers(or conducting polymers),metal oxides,metal nitrides,metal carbides,and metal sulfides.Specifically,the article includes the fundamentals of the failure modes of these materials,as well as thoroughly surveys the design rationales and technical details of the cycling-stability-boosting tactics for pseudocapacitive materials that reported in the literature.Additionally,promising opportunities,future challenges,and possible solutions associated with pseudocapacitive materials are discussed. | Tianyu Liu Yat Li | 2020 | InfoMat2020，2，5： | 7 |
| 9 | An isoflavone derivative potently inhibits the angiogenesis and progression of triple-negative breast cancer by targeting the MTA2/SerRS/VEGFA pathway显示文摘Objective:Angiogenesis plays a vital role in tumor growth and metastasis.Here,we aimed to find novel efficient antiangiogenic molecules targeting vascular endothelial growth factor A(VEGFA)at the transcriptional level to treat triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).Methods:We used a cell-based seryl tRNA synthetase(SerRS)promoter-driven dual-luciferase reporter system to screen an in-house library of 384 naturally occurring small molecules and their derivatives to find candidate molecules that could upregulate the expression of SerRS,a potent transcriptional repressor of VEGFA.The levels of SerRS and VEGFA were examined by quantitative RT-PCR(qRT-PCR),western blotting,and/or ELISAs in TNBC cells after candidate molecule administration.Zebrafish,the Matrigel plug angiogenesis assay in mice,the TNBC allograft,and xenograft mouse models were used to evaluate thein vivoanti-angiogenic and anti-cancer activities.Furthermore,the potential direct targets of the candidates were identified by proteomics and biochemical studies.Results:We found the most active compound was 3-(4-methoxyphenyl)quinolin-4(1H)-one(MEQ),an isoflavone derivative.In TNBC cells,MEQ treatment resulted in increased SerRS mRNA(P<0.001)and protein levels and downregulated VEGFA production.Both the vascular development of zebrafish and Matrigel plug angiogenesis in mice were inhibited by MEQ.MEQ also suppressed the angiogenesis in TNBC allografts and xenografts in mice,resulting in inhibited tumor growth and prolonged overall survival(P<0.05).Finally,we found that MEQ regulated SerRS transcription by interacting with MTA2(Metastasis Associated 1 Family Member 2).Conclusions:Our findings suggested that the MTA2/SerRS/VEGFA axis is a drug-treatable anti-angiogenic target,and MEQ is a promising anti-tumor molecule that merits further investigation for clinical applications. | Xiaotong Zhang Gengyi Zou Xiyang Li Lun Wang Tianyu Xie Jin Zhao Longlong Wang Shunchang Jiao Rong Xiang Haoyu Ye Yi Shi | 2020 | Cancer Biology & Medicine2020，17，3： | 6 |
| 10 | Streamwise-body-force-model for rapid simulation combining internal and external flow fields显示文摘A streamwise-body-force-model(SBFM) is developed and applied in the overall flow simulation for the distributed propulsion system, combining internal and external flow fields. In view of axial stage effects, fan or compressor effects could be simplified as body forces along the streamline. These body forces which are functions of local parameters could be added as source terms in Navier-Stokes equations to replace solid boundary conditions of blades and hubs. The validation of SBFM with uniform inlet and distortion inlet of compressors shows that pressure performance characteristics agree well with experimental data. A three-dimensional simulation of the integration configuration, via a blended wing body aircraft with a distributed propulsion system using the SBFM, has been completed. Lift coefficient and drag coefficient agree well with wind tunnel test results. Results show that to reach the goal of rapid integrated simulation combining internal and external flow fields, the computational fluid dynamics method based on SBFM is reasonable. | Cui Rong Li Qiushi Pan Tianyu Zhang Jian | 2016 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2016，29，5： | 6 |
| 11 | Enhanced magnetic properties in chemically inhomogeneous Nd-Dy-Fe-B sintered magnets by multi-main-phase process显示文摘Homogeneous substitution of Dy for Nd in the hard magnetic 2:14:1 phase can effectively enhance coercivity to ensure the high temperature operation,however,inevitably deteriorate remanence at expense.In this work,we performed a comparative investigation of the two magnets prepared by multimain-phase(co-sintering Nd_(2)Fe_(14)B and(Nd,Dy)_(2)Fe_(14)B powders)and single-main-phase(sintering(Nd,Dy)_(2)Fe_(14)B powders)approaches.The comparative investigation reveals that at the same Dy substitution level(2.16 wt%),such chemically inhomogeneous multi-main-phase magnet possesses better roomtemperature magnetic properties as well as thermal stability than those of the single-main-phase one with homogenous Dy distribution in the matrix grains.Room-temperature magnetic properties H_(Cj)=1664 kA/m,B_(r)=1.33 T and(BH)_(max)=350.4 kJ/m^(3)for the multi-main-phase magnet are all better than those for the single-main-phase magnet with H_(Cj)=1536 kA/m,B_(r)=1.29 T and(BH)_(max)=318.4 kj/m^(3).In addition,over the temperature range from 295 to 423 K,both the temperature coefficients of coercivity and remanence for the multi-main-phase magnet are also lower than that for the single-main-phase magnet.Such superior magnetic performance is attributed to the short-range magnetic interactions inside individual 2:14:1 phase grains and the long-range magnetostatic interactions between adjacent grains with inhomogeneous Dy distribution.Our work provides a feasible approach of enhancing coercivity and retaining energy product simultaneously in the Nd-Dy-Fe-B permanent magnets. | Xiaolian Liu Mengjie Pan Pei Zhang Tianyu Ma Lizhong Zhao Lingwei Li | 2021 | Journal of Rare Earths2021，39，5： | 5 |
| 12 | Towards a universal organogelator:A general mixing approach to fabricate various organic compounds into organogels显示文摘Low-molecular-weight organogels(LMOG) have been attracting a surge interest in fabricating soft materials.Although the finding of the gelator molecules has been developed from serendipity to objective design,the achievement of the gelator molecules still needs good design and tedious organic synthesis.In this paper,we proposed a simple and general mixing approach to get the organogel for nearly all the organic compounds and even soluble nanoparticles without any modification.We have designed a universal gelator molecule,which forms organogels with more than 40 kinds of organic solvents from aploar to polar solvents.More interestingly,when other organic compounds or even nanomaterials,which are soluble in certain organic solvents,are mixed with this gelator molecule,they can form organogels no matter whether the individual compounds could form organogel or not.This method is applicable to nearly all kinds of soluble organic compounds and opens an efficient and universal way to fabricate gel materials. | DUAN PengFei LI YuanGang JIANG Jian WANG TianYu LIU MingHua | 2011 | Science China Chemistry2011，54，7： | 5 |
| 13 | Hierarchically porous carbon foams for electric double layer capacitors显示文摘对便携式的电子设备的成长要求意味着力量采购的那个无足轻重的人逐渐地被寻求在以后。电的双层电容器(EDLC ) 正在答应候选人因为使用尽最大努力由于他们的高力量密度和突出的控告 / 解除骑车稳定性采购原料。三维(3D ) 自食其力基于碳的材料广泛地在小 EDLC 为使用被学习了。然而,为 3D 碳电极的主要挑战是在他们的内部空格的有限离子散开率。探讨这限制,为内部离子散开提供另外的隧道的层次地多孔的 3D 结构被建议了。此处,我们为 ultralight 的合成报导一个新化学方法(9.92 mg/cm 3) 3D 面对钾碳酸盐包含连接 glutaraldehydecross 的 chitosan aerogel 的碳化的多孔的碳泡沫(PCF ) 。电子显微镜学图象表明碳泡沫是包含一致地驱散的 macropores 的碳表的一个互连的网络。另外, Brunauer-Emmett-Teller 大小证实层次地多孔的结构。PCF 电极能完成的电气化学的数据表演当当前的密度从 0.5 ~ 100 A/g 被增加时,在 0.5 A/g 的当前的密度的 246.5 F/g 的一个突出的 gravimetric 电容,和 67.5% 的显著电容保留被观察。伪固态的对称的 supercapacitor 经由二的汇编被制作新 PCF 并且被发现交付一超离频在 2.8 Wh/kg 的精力密度的 25 kW/kg 的力量密度。这研究与高电容的性能表明 ultralight 和层次地多孔的碳泡沫的合成。 | Feng Zhan Tianyu Liu Guihua Hou Tianyi Kou Lu Yue Rongfeng Guan Yat Li | 2016 | Nano Research2016，9，10： | 5 |
| 14 | Development of a coupled supersonic inlet-fan Navier–Stokes simulation method显示文摘A coupled supersonic inlet-fan Navier–Stokes simulation method was developed by using COMSOL-CFD code. The flow turning, pressure rise and loss effects across blade rows of the fan and the inlet-fan interactions were taken into account as source terms of the governing equations without a blade geometry by a body force model. In this model, viscous effects in blade passages can also be calculated directly, which include the exchange of momentum between fluids and detailed viscous flow close to walls. NASA Rotor 37 compressor test rig was used to validate the ability of the body force model to estimate the real performance of blade rows. Calculated pressure ratio characteristics and the distribution of the total pressure, total temperature, and swirl angle in the span direction agreed well with experimental and numerical data. It is shown that the body force model is a promising approach for predicting the flow field of the turbomachinery. Then, coupled axisymmetric mixed compression supersonic inlet-fan simulations were conducted at Mach number 2.8 operating conditions. The analysis includes coupled steady-state performance, and effects of the fan on the inlet. The results indicate that the coupled simulation method is capable of simulating behavior of the supersonic inlet-fan system. | Qiushi LI Yongzhao LYU Tianyu PAN Da LI Ha'nan LU Yifang GONG | 2018 | Chinese Journal of Aeronautics2018，31，2： | 5 |
| 15 | Screening cytokine/chemokine profiles in serum and organs from an endotoxic shock mouse model by LiquiChip显示文摘Studying the cytokine profiles in animal models or patients with sepsis provides an experimental basis for the identification of diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets. In this study, we used a liquid protein chip(LiquiChip), also known as flexible multi-analyte profiling technology, to perform quantitative analyses of several cytokines and chemokines(e.g., IL-1β,IL-2,IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12, TNF-α, IFN-γ, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor, keratinocyte chemoattractant,monocyte chemoattractant protein, monokine induced by gamma interferon, IFN-y-inducible protein 10, and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha). The levels of these cytokines and chemokines were determined both in the blood and in tissues,including the lung, liver, heart, kidney, spleen, brain, stomach, intestine and muscle, of mice challenged with LPS. Our data showed variable production levels of LPS-induced cytokines in different mouse organs, and the cytokine in the blood did not correlate with those in the organs. We also showed that the levels of most cytokines peaked within 1 to 6 h and decreased rapidly afterward. A variety of inflammatory cytokines might be related to the damage in different organs during septic shock. Our data also suggest that the spleen might be an important target organ in the development of systemic inflammatory response syndrome and sepsis. | jinghua liu juan wang haihua luo zhijie li tianyu zhong jing tang yong jiang | 2017 | Science China(Life Sciences)2017，60，11： | 5 |
| 16 | Bistratal Au@Bi2S3 nanobones for excellent NIR-triggered/multimodal imaging-guided synergistic therapy for liver cancer显示文摘To fabricate a highly biocompatible nanoplatform enabling synergistic therapy and real-time imaging,novel Au@Bi2S3 core shell nanobones(NBs)(Au@Bi2S3 NBs)with Au nanorods as cores were synthesized.The combination of Au nanorods with Bi2S3 film made the Au@Bi2S3 NBs exhibit ultrahigh photothermal(PT)conversion efficiency,remarkable photoacoustic(PA)imaging and high computed tomography(CT)performance;these Au@Bi2S3 NBs thus are a promising nanotheranostic agent for PT/PA/CT imaging.Subsequently,poly(N-vinylpyrrolidone)-modified Au@Bi2S3 NBs(Au@Bi2S3-PVP NBs)were successfully loaded with the anticancer drug doxorubicin(DOX),and a satisfactory pH sensitive release profile was achieved,thus revealing the great potential of Au@Bi2S3-PVP NBs in chemotherapy as a drug carrier to deliver DOX into cancer cells.Both in vitro and in vivo investigations demonstrated that the Au@Bi2S3-PVP NBs possessed multiple desired features for cancer therapy,including extremely low toxicity,good biocompatibility,high drug loading ability,precise tumor targeting and effective accumulation.Highly efficient ablation of the human liver cancer cell HepG2 was achieved through Au@Bi2S3-PVP NB-mediated photothermal therapy(PTT).As both a contrast enhancement probe and therapeutic agent,Au@Bi2S3-PVP NBs provided outstanding NIR-triggered multi-modal PT/PA/CT imaging-guided PTT and effectively inhibited the growth of HepG2 liver cancer cells via synergistic chemo/PT therapy. | Ruizhuo Ouyang Penghui Cao Pengpeng Jia Hui Wang Tianyu Zong Chenyu Dai Jie Yuan Yuhao Li Dong Sun Ning Guo Yuqing Miao Shuang Zhou | 2021 | Bioactive Materials2021，6，2： | 5 |
| 17 | Proto-Tethys ophiolitic mélange in SW Yunnan: Constraints from zircon U-Pb geochronology and geochemistry显示文摘An early Paleozoic Proto-Tethys ocean in western Yunnan has long been postulated although no robust geological evidence has been identified.Here we investigated the recently-identified Mayidui and Wanhe ophiolitic mélanges in SW Yunnan,which occurs in a N-S trending belt east of the late Paleozoic Changning-Menglian suture zone.The ophiolites consist mainly of meta-basalts(amphibole schists),meta-(cumulate)gabbros and gabbroic diorites,and meta-chert-shale,representing ancient oceanic crust and pelagic and hemipelagic sediments,respectively.Six samples of gabbros and gabbroic diorites from 3 profiles(Mayidui,Kongjiao and Yinchanghe)yielded zircon U-Pb ages between 462±6 Ma and 447±9 Ma,constraining the formation of the Mayidui and Wanhe ophiolites to Middle Ordovician.Gabbros from the Mayidui and Kongjiao profiles share similar geochemical characteristics with affinities to tholeiitic series,and are characterized by depleted to slightly enriched LREEs relative to HREEs with(La/Sm)N=0.69-1.87,(La/Yb)N=0.66-4.72.These,along with their predominantly positive wholerock eNd(t)and zircon eHf(t)values,indicate a MORB-like magma source.By contrast,the meta-mafic rocks from the Yinchanghe profile show significantly enriched LREEs((La/Sm)N=0.97-3.33,(La/Yb)N=1.19-14.93),as well as positive whole-rock eNd(t)and positive to negative zircon eHf(t)values,indicating an E-MORB-type mantle source.These geochemical features are consistent with an intra-oceanic setting for the formation of the Mayidui-Wanhe ophiolites.Our data,integrated with available geological evidence,provide robust constraints on the timing and nature of the Mayidui-Wanhe ophiolitic mélange,and suggest that the ophiolites represent remnants of the Proto-Tethys Ocean,which opened through separation of the Indochina and Simao blocks from the northern margin of Gondwana before the Early Cambrian,and evolved through to the Silurian. | Guichun Liu Zaibo Sun Jianwei Zi M.Santosh Tianyu Zhao Qinglai Feng Guangyan Chen Xiaomei Nie Jing Li Shitao Zhang | 2021 | Geoscience Frontiers2021，12，5： | 5 |
| 18 | In-situ/operando techniques to identify active sites for thermochemical conversion of CO_(2) over heterogeneous catalysts显示文摘The catalytic conversion of CO_(2) to fuels or chemicals is considered to be an effective pathway to mitigate the greenhouse effect. To develop new types of efficient and durable catalysts, it is critical to identify the catalytic active sites, surface intermediates, and reaction mechanisms to reveal the relationship between the active sites and catalytic performance. However, the structure of a heterogeneous catalyst usually dynamically changes during reaction, bringing a great challenge for the identification of catalytic active sites and reaction pathways. Therefore, in-situ/operando techniques have been employed to real-time monitor the dynamic evolution of the structure of active sites under actual reaction conditions to precisely build the structure–function relationship. Here, we review the recent progress in the application of various in-situ/operando techniques in identifying active sites for catalytic conversion of CO_(2) over heterogeneous catalysts. We systematically summarize the applications of various optical and X-ray spectroscopy techniques, including Raman spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), in identifying active sites and determining reaction mechanisms of the CO_(2) thermochemical conversion with hydrogen and light alkanes over heterogeneous catalysts. Finally, we discuss challenges and opportunities for the development of in-situ characterization in the future to further enlarge the capability of these powerful techniques. | Kai Feng Yaning Wang Man Guo Jingpeng Zhang Zhengwen Li Tianyu Deng Zhihe Zhang Binhang Yan | 2021 | Journal of Energy Chemistry2021，30，11： | 5 |
| 19 | End-to-End Autonomous Driving Through Dueling Double Deep Q-Network显示文摘Recent years have seen the rapid development of autonomous driving systems,which are typically designed in a hierarchical architecture or an end-to-end architecture.The hierarchical architecture is always complicated and hard to design,while the end-to-end architecture is more promising due to its simple structure.This paper puts forward an end-to-end autonomous driving method through a deep reinforcement learning algorithm Dueling Double Deep Q-Network,making it possible for the vehicle to learn end-to-end driving by itself.This paper firstly proposes an architecture for the end-to-end lane-keeping task.Unlike the traditional image-only state space,the presented state space is composed of both camera images and vehicle motion information.Then corresponding dueling neural network structure is introduced,which reduces the variance and improves sampling efficiency.Thirdly,the proposed method is applied to The Open Racing Car Simulator(TORCS)to demonstrate its great performance,where it surpasses human drivers.Finally,the saliency map of the neural network is visualized,which indicates the trained network drives by observing the lane lines.A video for the presented work is available online,http://gffzz6712f30e645c4b03sn0kvp6wnbnn96o6o.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/76ciJ mIHMD8 or http://gffzz9886e3e54abf46a9sn0kvp6wnbnn96o6o.ffgz.tsg.suse.edu.cn/v_show/id_XNDM4 ODc0M TM4NA==.html. | Baiyu Peng Qi Sun Shengbo Eben Li Dongsuk Kum Yuming Yin Junqing Wei Tianyu Gu | 2021 | Automotive Innovation2021，4，3： | 5 |
| 20 | Role and Mechanism of Integrin-linked Kinase in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Allograft Nephropathy显示文摘 | YuxinWang Hequn Zou Tianyu Lv Yangling Shi Ling Chen Wenying Zhou Qingqin Li | 2007 | 器官移植内科学杂志2007，2，4： | 4 |
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