| 1 | Pretreatment of emulational manual acupuncture versus electroacupuncture against visceral traction pain in rats显示文摘BACKGROUND:Acupuncture and moxibustion against visceral noxious stimulation present different mechanisms in the peripheral and central nervous systems,involving release of neurotransmitter substance P,acetylcholine esterase,leucine-enkephalin,and c-Fos protein expression.However,there are few reports addressing changes in neurotransmitter expression following manual acupuncture and electroacupuncture against visceral traction pain.OBJECTIVE:To explore changes in neurotransmitter expression in the ileum and protein expression in the medullary visceral zone of visceral traction pain rats undergoing pretreatment of emulational manual acupuncture,and to investigate the differences between emulational manual acupuncture and electroacupuncture.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:The randomized,controlled study was performed at the Biomedical Engineering Laboratory,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai,China from August 2008 to July 2009.MATERIALS:G6805 electroacupuncture apparatus(Shanghai Medical Electronic Machine Factory,China) and ZSF-I acupuncture manipulation simulation therapeutic system(Chinese Medical Engineering Room,Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Shanghai China) were used in the present study.METHODS:A total of 40 male Sprague Dawley rats were equally and randomly assigned to sham surgery,model,emulational manual acupuncture and electroacupuncture groups.In the emulational manual acupuncture and electroacupuncture groups,emulational manual acupuncture and electroacupuncture were applied at bilateral Zusanli(ST 36) acupoints for 30 minutes,and models of visceral traction pain were established immediately.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Substance P expression,c-Fos and glial fibrillary acidic protein expression were measured using immunohistochemistry.Acetylcholine esterase activity was examined utilizing a colorimetric method.Leucine-enkephalin content was detected using a radioimmune assay.Degree of pain in rats was assessed by pain score.RESULTS:Pain score,substance P expression in the ileum,acetylcholine esterase activity,expression of c-Fos protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein in the medullary visceral zone were significantly decreased following pretreatment of emulational manual acupuncture and electroacupuncture in rats with visceral traction pain(P < 0.05).Compared with the electroacupuncture group,the leucine-enkephalin content was significantly increased,and pain score was significantly diminished in the emulational manual acupuncture group(P < 0.05).CONCLUSION:Emulational manual acupuncture pretreatment decreases acetylcholine esterase activity,increases leucine-enkephalin release,downregulates expression of c-Fos protein and glial fibrillary acidic protein and ultimately inhibits visceral traction pain by reducing substance P release.The effectiveness in inhibiting visceral traction pain is greater when using emulational manual acupuncture compared with electroacupuncture.This is because emulational manual acupuncture effectively increases leucine-enkephalin release. | Huayuan Yang Tingting Guo Youjiang Min Tangyi Liu Ming Gao | 2010 | Neural Regeneration Research2010，5，10： | 2 |
| 2 | Utility and Weight of Factors of Bus Transit's Service Quality Analysis in Nanjing显示文摘Service quality is a major factor that affects how public transport users evaluate bus service. In order to evaluate how bus users make trade-offs across travel cost,time,reliability,etc.,and to investigate the extent to which the components of service quality vary according to relevant trip characteristics,this paper analyzes service quality of bus transit with the conjoint analysis. Through data analysis,the levels 'utility values of reliability,waiting time,walking time,etc.,on the commuter trip and the non-commuter trip are gotten,so it is the utility function of the transit system. Then the factors' weights are obtained through the utility values. The results show that on the commuter trip,passengers value reliability the most,which is followed by waiting time and walking time,while in-bus environment,price and station environment's weights are small. While on the non-commuter trip,the weights in a higher order to lower order are the first for reliability,the second for in-bus environment,the third for walking time,the fourth for station environment and the last for ticket price. | Jianrong Liu Tangyi Guo | 2015 | Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series)2015，22，3： | 1 |
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