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| 1 | Non-invasive means of measuring hepatic fat content显示文摘Hepatic steatosis affects 20% to 30% of the general adult population in the western world. Currently, the technique of choice for determining hepatic fat deposition and the stage of fibrosis is liver biopsy. However, it is an invasive procedure and its use is limited, particularly in children. It may also be subject to sampling error. Non-invasive techniques such as ultrasound, computerised tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H MRS) can detect hepatic steatosis, but currently cannot distinguish between simple steatosis and steatohepatitis, or stage the degree of fibrosis accurately. Ultrasound is widely used to detect hepatic steatosis, but its sensitivity is reduced in the morbidly obese and also in those with small amounts of fatty infiltration. It has been used to grade hepatic fat content, but this is subjective. CT can detect hepatic steatosis, but exposes subjects to ionising radiation, thus limiting its use in longitudinal studies and in children. Recently, magnetic resonance (MR) techniques using chemical shift imaging have provided a quantitative assessment of the degree of hepatic fatty infiltration, which correlates well with liver biopsy results in the same patients. Similarly, in vivo 1H MRS is a fast, safe, non-invasive method forthe quantification of intrahepatocellular lipid (IHCL) levels. Both techniques will be useful tools in future longitudinal clinical studies, either in examining the natural history of conditions causing hepatic steatosis (e.g. non-alcoholic fatty liver disease), or in testing new treatments for these conditions. | Sanjeev R Mehta E Louise Thomas Jimmy D Bell Desmond G Johnston Simon D Taylor-Robinson | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，22： | 21 |
| 2 | Long-term survival following radiofrequency ablation of colorectal liver metastases: A retrospective study显示文摘AIM: To retrospectively evaluate the long-term survivalof patients that received radiofrequency ablation(RFA) therapies of colorectal liver metastases. METHODS: In 2005 to 2008, RFA of 105 colorectal liver metastases(CRLM) were performed on 49 patients in our institution. The liver metastases were evaluated, both before and after ablation therapies, with contrast enhanced computerised tomography and contrast enhanced ultrasonography. Histological evidence of malignant liver metastases was obtained in the few instances where contrast enhanced ultrasonography gave equivocal results. Accesses to the CRLM were guided ultrasonically in all patients. The data obtained from records of these ablations were retrospectively analysed and survival data were compared with existing studies in the literature.RESULTS: 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-year survival rates, when no stringent selection criteria were applied, were 92%, 65%, 51%, 41% and 29% respectively. To explore the impact of the number and size of CRLM on patients' survival, an exclusion of 13 patients(26.5%) with number of CRLM ≥ 5 and tumour size ≥ 40 mm resulted in 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-year survival rates improving to 94%, 69%, 53%, 42% and 31% respectively. It is of note that 9 of 49 patients developed extra-hepatic metastases, not visible or seen on pretreatment scans, just after RFA treatment. These patients had poorer survival. The development of extra-hepatic metastases in nearly 20% of the patients included in our study can partly account for modestly lower survival rates as compared with earlier studies in the literature.CONCLUSION: Our study underscores the fact that optimum patients' selection before embarking on RFA treatment is vitally important to achieving a superior outcome. | Simeon Niyi Babawale Thomas MandФe Jensen Jens BrФndum FrФkjr | 2015 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2015，7，3： | 11 |
| 3 | Randomized trial in malignant biliary obstruction:Plastic vs partially covered metal stents显示文摘AIM:To compare efficacy and complications of par-tially covered self-expandable metal stent(pcSEMS)to plastic stent(PS)in patients treated for malignant,infrahilar biliary obstruction.METHODS:Multicenter prospective randomized clinical trial with treatment allocation to a pcWallstent(SEMS)or a 10 French PS.Palliative patients aged≥18,for infrahilar malignant biliary obstruction and a Karnofsky performance scale index>60%from 6 participating North American university centers.Primary endpoint was time to stent failure,with secondary outcomes of death,adverse events,Karnofsky performance score and short-form-36 scale administered on a three-monthly basis for up to 2 years.Survival analyses were performed for stent failure and death,with Cox proportional hazards regression models to determine significant predictive characteristics.RESULTS:Eighty-five patients were accrued over 37mo,42 were randomized to the SEMS group and 83patients were available for analyses.Time to stent failure was 385.3±52.5 d in the SEMS and 153.3±19.8 d in the PS group,P=0.006.Time to death did not differ between groups(192.3±23.4 d for SEMS vs211.5±28.0 d for PS,P=0.70).The only significant predictor was treatment allocation,relating to the time to stent failure(P=0.01).Amongst other measured outcomes,only cholangitis differed,being more common in the PS group(4.9%vs 24.5%,P=0.029).The small number of patients in follow-up limits longitudinal assessments of performance and quality of life.From an initially planned 120 patients,only 85 patients were recruited.CONCLUSION:Partially covered SEMS result in a longer duration till stent failure without increased complication rates,yet without accompanying measurable benefits in survival,performance,or quality of life. | Peter L Moses Khalid M AlNaamani Alan N Barkun Stuart R Gordon Roger D Mitty M Stanley Branch Thomas E Kowalski Myriam Martel Viviane Adam | 2013 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2013，19，46： | 6 |
| 4 | Colonoscopy surveillance for high risk polyps does not always prevent colorectal cancer显示文摘AIM To determine the frequency and risk factors for colorectal cancer(CRC) development among individuals with resected advanced adenoma(AA)/traditional serrated adenoma(TSA)/advanced sessile serrated adenoma(ASSA). METHODS Data was collected from medical records of 14663 subjects found to have AA, TSA, or ASSA at screening or surveillance colonoscopy. Patients with inflammatory bowel disease or known genetic predisposition for CRC were excluded from the study. Factors associated with CRC developing after endoscopic management of high risk polyps were calculated in 4610 such patients who had at least one surveillance colonoscopy within 10 years following the original polypectomy of the incident advanced polyp. RESULTS84/4610(1.8%) patients developed CRC at the polypectomy site within a median of 4.2 years(mean 4.89 years), and 1.2%(54/4610) developed CRC in a region distinct from the AA/TSA/ASSA resection site within a median of 5.1 years(mean 6.67 years). Approximately, 30%(25/84) of patients who developed CRC at the AA/TSA/ASSA site and 27.8%(15/54) of patients who developed CRC at another site had colonoscopy at recommended surveillance intervals. Increasing age; polyp size; male sex; right-sided location; high degree of dysplasia; higher number of polyps resected; and piecemeal removal were associated with an increased risk for CRC developmentat the same site as the index polyp. Increasing age; right-sided location; higher number of polyps resected and sessile endoscopic appearance of the index AA/TSA/ASSA were significantly associated with an increased risk for CRC development at a different site. CONCLUSION Recognition that CRC may develop following AA/TSA/ASSA removal is one step toward improving our practice efficiency and preventing a portion of CRC related morbidity and mortality. | Mohamad A Mouchli Lidia Ouk Marianne R Scheitel Alisha P Chaudhry Donna Felmlee-Devine Diane E Grill Shahrooz Rashtak Panwen Wang Junwen Wang Rajeev Chaudhry Thomas C Smyrk Ann L Oberg Brooke R Druliner Lisa A Boardman | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，8： | 5 |
| 5 | Adenoma detection with cap-assisted colonoscopy versus regular colonoscopy: a randomised controlled trial显示文摘 | Thomas R de Wijkerslooth Esther M Stoop Patrick M Bossuyt Elisabeth M H Mathus-Vliegen Jan Dees Kristien M A J Tytgat Monique E van Leerdam Paul Fockens Ernst J Kuipers Evelien Dekker | 2012 | Gut2012，，10： | 3 |
| 6 | Shoot and root traits in drought tolerant maize(Zea mays L.) hybrids显示文摘This study aimed to investigate the differences in shoot and root traits, and water use and water use efficiency(WUE) in drought tolerant(DT) maize(Zea mays L.) hybrids under full and deficit irrigated conditions. A two-year greenhouse study was conducted with four hybrids(one conventional hybrid, 33D53AM, two commercial DT hybrids, P1151 AM, N75H, and an experimental hybrid, Exp HB) grown under two water regimes(I_(100) and I_(50), referring to 100 and 50% of evapotranspiration requirements). Under water stress, the hybids P1151 AM, N75, and Exp HB showed more drought tolerance and had either greater shoot dry weight or less dry weight reduction than the conventional hybrid(33 D53 AM). However, these three hybrids responded to water stress using different mechanisms. Compared with the conventional hybrid, the two commercial DT hybrids(P1151 AM and N75H) had a smaller leaf area, shoot dry weight, and root system per plant. As a result, these hybrids used less water but had a higher WUE compared with the conventional hybrid. In contrast, the experimental hybrid(ExpHB) produced more shoot biomass by silking stage at both irrigation levels than all other hybrids, but it had relatively lower WUE. The hybrids demonstrated different drought response mechanisms that may require different irrigation management strategies. More investigation and validation are needed under field conditions and in different soil types. | ZHAO Jin XUE Qing-wu Kirk E Jessup HOU Xiao-bo HAO Bao-zhen Thomas H Marek XU Wen-wei Steven R Evett Susan A O'Shaughnessy David K Brauer | 2018 | Journal of Integrative Agriculture2018，17，5： | 3 |
| 7 | Macrophage secretory products induce an inflammatory phenotype in hepatocytes显示文摘AIM:To investigate the influence of macrophages on hepatocyte phenotype and function.METHODS:Macrophages were differentiated from THP-1 monocytes via phorbol myristate acetate stimulation and the effects of monocyte or macrophageconditioned medium on HepG2 mRNA and protein expression determined.The in vivo relevance of these findings was confirmed using liver biopsies from 147 patients with hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection.RESULTS:Conditioned media from macrophages,but not monocytes,induced a transient morphological change in hepatocytes associated with upregulation of vimentin(7.8±2.5-fold,P=0.045)and transforming growth factor(TGF)-β1(2.6±0.2-fold,P<0.001)and downregulation of epithelial cadherin(1.7±0.02-fold,P=0.017)mRNA expression.Microarray analysis revealed significant upregulation of lipocalin-2(17-fold,P <0.001)and pathways associated with inflammation,and substantial downregulation of pathways related to hepatocyte function.In patients with chronic HCV,realtime polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry confirmed an increase in lipocalin-2 mRNA(F0 1.0 ±0.3,F1 2.2±0.2,F2 3.0±9.3,F3/4 4.0±0.8,P= 0.003)and protein expression(F1 1.0±0.5,F2 1.3± 0.4,F3/4 3.6±0.4,P=0.014)with increasing liver injury.High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis identified elevated levels of matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-9 in macrophageconditioned medium,and a chemical inhibitor of MMP-9 attenuated the change in morphology and mRNA expression of TGF-β1(2.9±0.2 vs 1.04±0.1,P<0.001) in macrophage-conditioned media treated HepG2 cells.In patients with chronic HCV infection,hepatic mRNA expression of CD163(F0 1.0±0.2,F1/2 2.8±0.3,F3/4 5.3±1.0,P=0.001)and MMP-9(F0 1.0±0.4,F1/2 2.8±0.3,F3/4 4.1±0.8,P=0.011)was significantly associated with increasing stage of fibrosis.CONCLUSION:Secreted macrophage products alter the phenotype and function of hepatocytes,with increased expression of inflammatory mediators,suggesting that hepatocytes actively participate in liver injury. | Michelle Melino Victoria L Gadd Gene V Walker Richard Skoien Helen D Barrie Dinesh Jothimani Leigh Horsfall Alun Jones Matthew J Sweet Gethin P Thomas Andrew D Clouston Julie R Jonsson Elizabeth E Powell | 2012 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2012，18，15： | 3 |
| 8 | Treatment of relapsing autoimmune pancreatitis with immunomodulators and rituximab: the Mayo Clinic experience显示文摘 | Phil A Hart Mark D Topazian Thomas E Witzig Jonathan E Clain Ferga C Gleeson Robin R Klebig Michael J Levy Randall K Pearson Bret T Petersen Thomas C Smyrk Aravind Sugumar Naoki Takahashi Santhi S Vege Suresh T Chari | 2013 | Gut2013，，11： | 2 |
| 9 | Treatment of relapsing autoimmune pancreatitis with immunomodulators and rituximab: the Mayo Clinic experience显示文摘 | Phil A Hart Mark D Topazian Thomas E Witzig Jonathan E Clain Ferga C Gleeson Robin R Klebig Michael J Levy Randall K Pearson Bret T Petersen Thomas C Smyrk Aravind Sugumar Naoki Takahashi Santhi S Vege Suresh T Chari | 2013 | Gut2013，，11： | 2 |
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| 12 | Technique of single- stege repair of coarctation of the aorta with ventricu- lar septal defect 显示文摘 | Wakers H L Ionon C E Thomas R L | 2008 | Semi Thorac cardiovasc Surg Pediatr Card surg Ann2008，11，： | 1 |
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| 14 | Robust analysis of the yeast proteome under 50 kDa by molecular-massbased fractionation and top-down mass spectrometry显示文摘 | Kellie J F Catherman A D Durbin K R Tran J C Tipton J D Norris J L Witkowski C E 2nd Thomas P M Kelleher N L | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 15 | Mat- power: steady- state operations, planning and analysis tools for power systems research and education 显示文摘 | Zimmerman R D Murillo - Samchez C E Thomas R J | 2011 | IEEE Transac- tions on Power Systems2011，26，1： | 1 |
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| 18 | Mixed-genome microarrays reveal multiple serotype and LineageSpecific Differences among Strains of Listeria monocytogene 显示文摘 | DOUGLAS R CALL MONICA K BORUCKI THOMAS E BESSER | 2003 | J Clin Microbiol2003，41，2： | 1 |
| 19 | The isola- tion and identification of predatory bacteria from a Microcystis algal bloom 显示文摘 | Jabulani R Gumbo Gina Ross Thomas E Cloete | 2010 | African Journal of Biotechnology2010，9，5： | 1 |
| 20 | Tackling antibiotic resistance显示文摘 | Bush K Courvalin P Dantas G Davies J Eisenstein B Huovinen P Jacoby GA Kishony R Kreiswirth BN Kutter E Lerner SA Levy S Lewis K Lomovskaya O Miller JH Mobashery S Piddock LJ Projan S Thomas CM Tomasz A Tulkens PM Walsh TR Watson JD Witkowski J Witte W Wr | | 0，，： | 1 |
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