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| 1 | A pilot study of a thiazolidinedione, troglitazone, in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis显示文摘 | Stephen H Caldwell Elizabeth E Hespenheide Jan A Redick Julia C Iezzoni Emily H Battle Bonnie L Sheppard | 2001 | The American Journal of Gastroenterology2001，，2： | 1 |
| 2 | The Introduction of Price Signals into Land Use Planning Decision-making:A Proposal显示文摘 | Paul Cheshire Stephen Sheppard | 2005 | Urban Studies2005，42，4： | 1 |
| 3 | Science for action at the local landscape scale显示文摘 | Paul Opdam Joan Iverson Nassauer Zhifang Wang Christian Albert Gary Bentrup Jean-Christophe Castella Clive McAlpine Jianguo Liu Stephen Sheppard Simon Swaffield | 2013 | Landscape Ecology2013，，8： | 1 |
| 4 | On the Prices of Land and the Value of Amenities显示文摘 | Cheshire Paul Sheppard Stephen | 1995 | Economica1995，5，： | 1 |
| 5 | An Analysis of Ethnic Difference in UK Graduate Migration Behavior 显示文摘 | Faggian Alessandra Philip McCann Stephen Sheppard | 2006 | Journal of Regional Science2006，40，： | 1 |
| 6 | An efficient and robust method for underwater acoustic normal-mode com-putations显示文摘 | Scott J Levinson Evan K Westwood Robert A Koch Stephen K Mitchell Carol V Sheppard | 1995 | J Acoust Soe Am1995，97，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Can landscape visualization improve forest management consultation with indigenous communities 显示文摘 | John L Lewis Stephen R J Sheppard | 2006 | Landscape and Urban Planning (S0169-2046)2006，77，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Bioinformatics in High School Biology Curricula:A Study of State Science Standards 显示文摘 | Stephen H Wefer Keith Sheppard | 2008 | CBE - Life Sciences Education2008，7，： | 1 |
| 9 | Managing egional scenic quality in the lake ahoe basin显示文摘 | WAYNE D I STEPHEN R J SHEPPARD R | 1993 | Landscape Journal1993，12，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Impact of radiotherapy on the immune landscape in oesophageal adenocarcinoma显示文摘BACKGROUND In the contemporary era of cancer immunotherapy,an abundance of clinical and translational studies have reported radiotherapy(RT)and immunotherapies as a viable option for immunomodulation of many cancer subtypes,with many related clinical trials ongoing.In locally advanced disease,chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy followed by surgical excision of the tumour remain the principal treatment strategy in oesophageal adenocarcinoma(OAC),however,the use of the host immune system to improve anti-tumour immunity is rapidly garnering increased support in the curative setting.AIM To immunophenotype OAC patients’immune checkpoint(IC)expression with and without radiation and evaluate the effects of checkpoint blockade on cell viability.METHODS In the contemporary era of cancer immunotherapy,an abundance of studies have demonstrated that combination RT and IC inhibitors(ICIs)are effective in the immunomodulation of many cancer subtypes,with many related clinical trials ongoing.Although surgical excision and elimination of tumour cells by chemotherapy or chemoradiotherapy remains the gold standard approach in OAC,the propagation of anti-tumour immune responses is rapidly garnering increased support in the curative setting.The aim of this body of work was to immunophenotype OAC patients’IC expression with and without radiation and to establish the impact of checkpoint blockade on cell viability.This study was a hybrid combination of in vitro and ex vivo models.Quantification of serum immune proteins was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.Flow cytometry staining was performed to evaluate IC expression for in vitro OAC cell lines and ex vivo OAC biopsies.Cell viability in the presence of radiation with and without IC blockade was assessed by a cell counting kit-8 assay.RESULTS We identified that conventional dosing and hypofractionated approaches resulted in increased IC expression(PD-1,PD-L1,TIM3,TIGIT)in vitro and ex vivo in OAC.There were two distinct subcohorts with one demonstrating significant upregulation of ICs and the contrary in the other cohort.Increasing IC expression post RT was associated with a more aggressive tumour phenotype and adverse features of tumour biology.The use of anti-PD-1 and anti-PD-L1 immunotherapies in combination with radiation resulted in a significant and synergistic reduction in viability of both radiosensitive and radioresistant OAC cells in vitro.Interleukin-21(IL-21)and IL-31 significantly increased,with a concomitant reduction in IL-23 as a consequence of 4 Gray radiation.Similarly,radiation induced an anti-angiogenic tumour milieu with reduced expression of vascular endothelial growth factor-A,basic fibroblast growth factor,Flt-1 and placental growth factor.CONCLUSION The findings of the current study demonstrate synergistic potential for the use of ICIs and ionising radiation to potentiate established anti-tumour responses in the neoadjuvant setting and is of particular interest in those with advanced disease,adverse features of tumour biology and poor treatment responses to conventional therapies. | Noel E Donlon Maria Davern Fiona O'Connell Andrew Sheppard Aisling Heeran Anshul Bhardwaj Christine Butler Ravi Narayanasamy Claire Donohoe James J Phelan Niamh Lynam-Lennon Margaret R Dunne Stephen Maher Jacintha O'Sullivan John V Reynolds Joanne Lysaght | 2022 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2022，28，21： | 1 |
| 11 | Using multi-criteria analysis and visualisation for sustainable forest management planning with stakeholder groups 显示文摘 | Stephen R J Sheppard S R J Meitne M | 2004 | Forest Ecology and Management2004，107，： | 1 |
| 12 | The Rise, Fall and Rise Again of Industrial Location Theory显示文摘 | Philip McCann Stephen Sheppard | 2003 | Regional Studies (-)2003，，6： | 1 |
| 13 | The welfare economics of land use planning 显示文摘 | Paul Cheshire Stephen Sheppard | 2002 | Journal of Urban Economics2002，52，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Estimating the Demand for Housing, Land, and Neighborhood Characteristics显示文摘 | Cheshire Paul Stephen Sheppard | 1998 | Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics1998，60，3： | 1 |
| 15 | Linking gold mineralization to regional-scale drivers of mineral systems using in situ U-Pb geochronology and pyrite LA-ICP-MS element mapping显示文摘Proterozoic orogens commonly host a range of hydrothermal ores that form in diverse tectonic settings at different times. However, the link between mineralization and the regional-scale tectonothermal evolution of orogens is usually not well understood, especially in areas subject to multiple hydrothermal events.Regional-scale drivers for mineral systems vary between the different classes of hydrothermal ore, but all involve an energy source and a fluid pathway to focus mineralizing fluids into the upper crust. The Mount Olympus gold deposit in the Proterozoic Capricorn Orogen of Western Australia, was regarded as an orogenic gold deposit that formed at ca. 1738 Ma during the assembly of Proterozoic Australia. However,the trace element chemistry of the pyrite crystals closely resembles those of the Carlin deposits of Nevada,with rims that display solid solution gold accompanied by elevated As, Cu, Sb, Hg, and Tl, surrounding gold-poor cores. New SHRIMP UeP b dating of xenotime intergrown with auriferous pyrite and ore-stage alteration minerals provided a weighted mean^(207) Pb*/^(206) Pb* date of 1769 ± 5 Ma, interpreted as the age of gold mineralization. This was followed by two discrete episodes of hydrothermal alteration at 1727 ± 7 Ma and 1673 ± 8 Ma. The three ages are linked to multiple reactivation of the crustal-scale Nanjilgardy Fault during repeated episodes of intracratonic reworking. The regional-scale drivers for Carlin-like gold mineralization at Mount Olympus are related to a change in tectonic regime during the final stages of the intracratonic 1820 -1770 Ma Capricorn Orogeny. Our results suggest that substantial sized Carlin-like gold deposits can form in an intracratonic setting during regional-scale crustal reworking. | Imogen O.H.Fielding Simon P.Johnson Sebastien Meffre Jianwei Zi Stephen Sheppard Ross R.Large Birger Rasmusseng | 2019 | Geoscience Frontiers2019，10，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Human Capital, Higher Education and Graduate Migration An Analysis of Scottish and Welsh Students显示文摘 | Faggian Alessandra Philip McCann and Stephen Sheppard | 2007 | Urban Studies2007，，44： | 1 |
| 17 | An Analysis of Ethnic Difference in UK Graduate Migration Behavior显示文摘 | Faggian Alessandra Philip McCann and Stephen Sheppard | 2006 | Journal of Regional Science2006，，40： | 1 |
| 18 | Managing Regional Scenic Quality in the Lake Tahoe Basin显示文摘 | WAYNE D IVERSON STEPHEN R J SHEPPARD R ANDREW STRAIN | 1993 | Landscape Journal1993，12，1： | 1 |
| 19 | Evading the host response:Staphylococcus“hiding”in cortical bone canalicular system causes increased bacterial burden显示文摘Extremity reconstruction surgery is increasingly performed rather than amputation for patients with large-segment pathologic bone loss.Debate persists as to the optimal void filler for this“limb salvage”surgery,whether metal or allograft bone.Clinicians focus on optimizing important functional gains for patients,and the risk of devastating implant infection has been thought to be similar regardless of implant material.Recent insights into infection pathophysiology are challenging this equipoise,however,with both basic science data suggesting a novel mechanism of infection of Staphylococcus aureus(the most common infecting agent)into the host lacunar–canaliculi network,and also clinical data revealing a higher rate of infection of allograft over metal.The current translational study was therefore developed to bridge the gap between these insights in a longitudinal murine model of infection of allograft bone and metal.Real-time Staphylococci infection characteristics were quantified in cortical bone vs metal,and both microarchitecture of host implant and presence of host immune response were assessed.An orders-of-magnitude higher bacterial burden was established in cortical allograft bone over both metal and cancellous bone.The establishment of immune-evading microabscesses was confirmed in both cortical allograft haversian canal and the submicron canaliculi network in an additional model of mouse femur bone infection.These study results reveal a mechanism by which Staphylococci evasion of host immunity is possible,contributing to elevated risks of infection in cortical bone.The presence of this local infection reservoir imparts massive clinical implications that may alter the current paradigm of osteomyelitis and bulk allograft infection treatment. | Stephen D.Zoller Vishal Hegde Zachary D.C.Burke Howard Y.Park Chad R.Ishmael Gideon W.Blumstein William Sheppard Christopher Hamad Amanda H.Loftin Daniel O.Johansen Ryan A.Smith Marina M.Sprague Kellyn R.Hori Samuel J.Clarkson Rachel Borthwell Scott I.Simon Jeff F.Miller Scott D.Nelson Nicholas M.Bernthal | 2020 | Bone Research2020，8，4： | 0 |
| 20 | Potential of damage associated molecular patterns in synergising radiation and the immune response in oesophageal cancer显示文摘BACKGROUND There is an intimate crosstalk between cancer formation,dissemination,treatment response and the host immune system,with inducing tumour cell death the ultimate therapeutic goal for most anti-cancer treatments.However,inducing a purposeful synergistic response between conventional therapies and the immune system remains evasive.The release of damage associated molecular patterns(DAMPs)is indicative of immunogenic cell death and propagation of established immune responses.However,there is a gap in the literature regarding the importance of DAMP expression in oesophageal adenocarcinoma(OAC)or by immune cells themselves.AIM To investigate the effects of conventional therapies on DAMP expression and to determine whether OAC is an immunogenic cancer.METHODS We investigated the levels of immunogenic cell death-associated DAMPs,calreticulin(CRT)and HMGB1 using an OAC isogenic model of radioresistance.DAMP expression was also assessed directly using ex vivo cancer patient T cells(n=10)and within tumour biopsies(n=9)both pre and post-treatment with clinically relevant chemo(radio)therapeutics.RESULTS Hypoxia in combination with nutrient deprivation significantly reduces DAMP expression by OAC cells in vitro.Significantly increased frequencies of T cell DAMP expression in OAC patients were observed following chemo-(radio)therapy,which was significantly higher in tumour tissue compared with peripheral blood.Patients with high expression of HMGB1 had a significantly better tumour regression grade(TRG 1-2)compared to low expressors.CONCLUSION In conclusion,OAC expresses an immunogenic phenotype with two distinct subgroups of high and low DAMP expressors,which correlated with tumour regression grade and lymphatic invasion.It also identifies DAMPs namely CRT and HMGB1 as potential promising biomarkers in predicting good pathological responses to conventional chemo(radio)therapies currently used in the multimodal management of locally advanced disease. | Noel E Donlon Maria Davern Andrew Sheppard Fiona O'Connell Brendan Moran Timothy S Nugent Aisling Heeran James J Phelan Anshul Bhardwaj Christine Butler Narayanasamy Ravi Claire L Donohoe Niamh Lynam-Lennon Stephen Maher John V Reynolds Joanne Lysaght | 2023 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2023，15，8： | 0 |
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