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| 1 | Hepatitis B and C virus-induced hepatitis: Apoptosis, autophagy, and unfolded protein response显示文摘AIM: To investigate the co-incidence of apoptosis, autophagy, and unfolded protein response(UPR) in hepatitis B(HBV) and C(HCV) infected hepatocytes.METHODS: We performed immunofluorescence confocal microscopy on 10 liver biopsies from HBV and HCV patients and tissue microarrays of HBV positive liver samples. We used specific antibodies for LC3β, cleaved caspase-3, BIP(GRP78), and XBP1 to detect autophagy, apoptosis and UPR, respectively. AntiHCV NS3 and anti-HBs antibodies were also used to confirm infection. We performed triple blind counting of events to determine the co-incidence of autophagy(LC3β punctuate), apoptosis(cleaved caspase-3), and unfolded protein response(GRP78) with HBV and HCV infection in hepatocytes. All statistical analyses were performed using SPSS software for Windows(Version 16 SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, United States). P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Statistical analyses were performed with Mann-Whitney test to compare incidence rates for autophagy, apoptosis, and UPR in HBV- and HCV-infected cells and adjacent noninfected cells.RESULTS: Our results showed that infection of hepatocytes with either HBV and HCV induces significant increase(P < 0.001) in apoptosis(cleavage of caspase-3), autophagy(LC3β punctate), and UPR(increase in GRP78 expression) in the HCV- and HBVinfected cells, as compared to non-infected cells of the same biopsy sections. Our tissue microarray immunohistochemical expression analysis of LC3β in HBV^(Neg) and HBV^(Pos) revealed that majority of HBVinfected hepatocytes display strong positive stainingfor LC3β. Interestingly, although XBP splicing in HBVinfected cells was significantly higher(P < 0.05), our analyses show a slight increase of XBP splicing was in HCV-infected cells(P > 0.05). Furthermore, our evaluation of patients with HBV and HCV infection based on stage and grade of the liver diseases revealed no correlation between these pathological findings and induction of apoptosis, autophagy, and UPR.CONCLUSION: The results of this study indicate that HCV and HBV infection activates apoptosis, autophagy and UPR, but slightly differently by each virus. Further studies are warranted to elucidate the interconnections between these pathways in relation to pathology of HCV and HBV in the liver tissue. | Behzad Yeganeh Adel Rezaei Moghadam Javad Alizadeh Emilia Wiechec Seyed Moayed Alavian Mohammad Hashemi Bita Geramizadeh Afshin Samali Kamran Bagheri Lankarani Martin Post Payam Peymani Kevin M Coombs Saeid Ghavami | 2015 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2015，21，47： | 13 |
| 2 | Genetic diversity in five Iranian native chicken populations estimated by microsatellite markers 显示文摘 | Shahbazi S Seyed Z M and Michael N R | 2007 | Biochemical Genetics2007，，45： | 1 |
| 3 | Hydrodynamic characterizationof mixer-settlers显示文摘 | Fatemeh S G Seyed M A M | 2009 | Journal of the Taiwan Institute ofChemical Engineers2009，40，： | 1 |
| 4 | Intervertebral disc cells produce tumor necrosis factor-alpha,interleukin-1beta,and monocle chemoattractant protein-limmediatelyafterherniation:an experimental study using a new hernia model显示文摘 | Yoshida M Nakamura T Sei A | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 5 | Multi-product production quantity model with repair failure and partial backordering显示文摘 | ATA A T WEE H M SEYED J S | 2010 | Computers and Industrial Engineering2010，59，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Vehicle routing problem with uncertain demands:An advanced particle swarm algorithm显示文摘 | Babak F M Rubén R Seyed J S | 2011 | Computers Industrial Engineering2011，62，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Screening analysis of beer ageing using near infrared spectroscopy and the successive projections algorithm for variable selection显示文摘 | MAHDI G V SEYED S M MARIA L R M | 2012 | Talanta2012，89，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Effects of Al-5Ti-IB and Al-5Zr master alloys on the structure, hardness and tensile properties of a highly alloyed aluminum alloy显示文摘 | SEYED E S H EMAMY M | 2010 | International Materials Re- views2010，31，： | 1 |
| 9 | Intervertebral disc ceils produce tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1beta, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 immediately after herniation: an experimental study using a new hernia model显示文摘 | Yoshida M Nakamura T Sei A | 2005 | Spine2005，30，： | 1 |
| 10 | Alpha - 1 - antichy- motrypsin variant detected by PCR - single strand conformation polymorphism ( PCR - SSCP ) and direct sequencing 显示文摘 | Tsuda M Sei Y Matsumoto M | 1992 | Hum Genet1992，90，： | 1 |
| 11 | Efficacy of Mobs micro- graphic surgery for the treatment of dermatofibrosareoma protuber- ans : systematic review显示文摘 | Foroozan M Sei JF Amini M | 2012 | Arch Dermatol2012，148，9： | 1 |
| 12 | Review of flexible riser modeling and analysis techniques显示文摘 | Patel M H Seyed F b | 1995 | Engineering Structure1995，17，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Plasma dipeptidyl peptidase 4 activ- ity correlates with body mass index and the plasma adiponeetin concen- tration in healthy young people 显示文摘 | Kirino Y Sei M Kawazoe K | 2012 | Endocr J2012，59，10： | 1 |
| 14 | A muhi product EOQ model with inflation, discount, and permissible delay in payments under shortage and limited warehouse space 显示文摘 | Seyed H R P Seyed T A N I3ehzad M V | 2014 | Production Manufacturing Research2014，，： | 1 |
| 15 | A neural network model for prediction of static recrystallization kinetics under non-isothermal conditions 显示文摘 | SEYED S M SERAJZADEH S | 2010 | Computational Materials Science2010，49，4： | 1 |
| 16 | A DFT Study on the Effect of Hydrogen in Ethylene and Propylene Polymerization Using a Ti-Based Heterogeneous Ziegler-Natta Catalyst 显示文摘 | Naeimeh B L Mehdi N H Seyed A M | 2012 | J OrganometChem2012，719，11： | 1 |
| 17 | Efects of conjugatedlinoleic acid isomers on lipid-metablolizing enzymes in male rats显示文摘 | Martin J Gregoire S Seis M | 2000 | Lipids2000，35，： | 1 |
| 18 | Internal flow-induced behavior of flexible risers显示文摘 | Patel M H Seyed F B | 1989 | Engineering Structures1989，11，4： | 1 |
| 19 | Classi- fication of corrosion defects in NiAI bronze through image analysi显示文摘 | Ramana M Pidaparti Babak Seyed Aghazade | 2010 | Corros Sci2010，52，11： | 1 |
| 20 | Developing two multi-objective evolutionary algorithms for the multi-objective flexible job shop scheduling problem 显示文摘 | Seyed H A Rahmat M Zandieh M Y | 2013 | The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology2013，64，5： | 1 |
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