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| 1 | 肛裂临床诊治指南(第三次修订)显示文摘“美国结直肠外科医师协会(American Societyof ColonandRectal Surgeons.ASCRS)”(协会)致力于推进结直肠和肛门疾病的相关理论以及预防和诊疗水平的提高,给患者提供优质的医疗服务。“标准委员会”由协会中在结直肠外科方面有显著专长的成员组成。该委员会的建立是为了引领国际结直肠和肛门疾病诊治的发展,以建立具有循证医学证据的临床诊疗指南。指南是涵盖性的,非指令性的,目的是为临床决策提供信息,而非具体的治疗方法。指南适用于所有相关的医护人员以及希望得到相应指南中疾病的相关诊治信息的患者。 | Farshid Araghizadeh ~ Robin Boushey Sridhar Chalasani George Chang Robert Cima Gary Dunn Daniel Feingold Philip Fleshner Daniel Geisler Jill Genua Sharon Gregorcyk Daniel Herzig Andreas Kaiser Ravin Kumar David Larson Steven Mills John Monson P. Terry Phang Feza Remzi David Rivadeneira Howard Ross Peter Senatore Elin Sigurdson Thomas Stahl Scott Steele Scott Strong Charles Tement Judith Trudel Madhulika Varnna Martin Weiser 丁义江(译) 皇甫少华(译) 丁曙晴(译) | 2013 | 中华胃肠外科杂志2013，16，7： | 70 |
| 2 | 氢化物发生-多接收杯电感耦合等离子体质谱同位素稀释法测定硒同位素显示文摘使用改进的巯基棉分离流程和74硒-77硒双稀释剂,在氢化物(HG)-多接收器电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(MC-ICP-MS)实现了高精度硒同位素组成的测定。巯基棉用于分离样品基质中的硒,随后使用HNO3+H2O2消除干扰的有机质,74硒-77硒双稀释剂校正样品分离和质谱测定过程中的硒同位素质量分馏。硒标准溶液NISTSRM3149和MH495几个月的测定表明,该方法的外精度为0.1‰(2σ),样品的外精度为0.15‰~0.2‰(2σ)。以TCF分离硒的平均回收率85%计算,最小硒需要量为20ng。实验结果以相对于NISTSRM3149的δ82/76Se表达,δM82H/74965/SRM3149=-3.44±0.1‰(2σ),优于已发表的数据δ8M2H/74965/SRM3149=-3.04±0.5‰。测定样品的δ8S2R/M736149为-13.53‰~11.37‰,为硒同位素在环境、农业、生命和地球科学中的拓展应用与发展奠定了基础。 | 朱建明 Johnson Thomas M. Clark Scott K. 朱祥坤 | 2008 | 分析化学2008，36，10： | 16 |
| 3 | Consequences of bullying victimization in childhood and adolescence:A systematic review and meta-analysis显示文摘AIM To identify health and psychosocial problems associated with bullying victimization and conduct a meta-analysis summarizing the causal evidence.METHODS A systematic review was conducted using Pub Med, EMBASE, ERIC and Psyc INFO electronic databases up to 28 February 2015. The study included published longitudinal and cross-sectional articles that examined health and psychosocial consequences of bullying victimization. All meta-analyses were based on qualityeffects models. Evidence for causality was assessed using Bradford Hill criteria and the grading system developed by the World Cancer Research Fund.RESULTS Out of 317 articles assessed for eligibility, 165 satisfied the predetermined inclusion criteria for meta-analysis.Statistically significant associations were observed between bullying victimization and a wide range of adverse health and psychosocial problems. The evidence was strongest for causal associations between bullying victimization and mental health problems such as depression, anxiety, poor general health and suicidal ideation and behaviours. Probable causal associations existed between bullying victimization and tobacco and illicit drug use. CONCLUSION Strong evidence exists for a causal relationship between bullying victimization, mental health problems and substance use. Evidence also exists for associations between bullying victimization and other adverse health and psychosocial problems, however, there is insufficient evidence to conclude causality. The strong evidence that bullying victimization is causative of mental illness highlights the need for schools to implement effective interventions to address bullying behaviours. | Sophie E Moore Rosana E Norman Shuichi Suetani Hannah J Thomas Peter D Sly James G Scott | 2017 | World Journal of Psychiatry2017，7，1： | 12 |
| 4 | Developing More Effective Enhanced Biochar Fertilisers for Improvement of Pepper Yield and Quality显示文摘Utilization of biochar at high application rates can increase soil C and crop yields, decrease greenhouse gas emissions and reduce nutrient run-off from soils. However, the high application rate of 10 t ha-1may not return a profit to the farmer due to the high cost of biochar. In this study biochar was modified through pre-treating the biomass and post-treating with phosphoric acid, minerals and different chemical fertilisers to study the effects of two new enhanced biochar fertilisers on the yield and quality of green pepper in a field experiment with 5 fertilisation treatments and 3 replications. The two new biochar fertilisers significantly(P < 0.05) increased the yield of green pepper(11.33–11.47 t ha-1), compared with the conventional chemical fertiliser(9.72 t ha-1). The biochar fertiliser treatments improved the vitamin C content of green pepper from 236.99 to 278.28 mg kg-1, and also significantly(P < 0.05) reduced the nitrate content from 132.32 to 101.92 mg kg-1, compared with chemical fertiliser. This study indicated that, compared to the use of conventional chemical fertiliser, all of the biochar fertiliser treatments could significantly improve the yield and quality of green pepper. | YAO Chunxue Stephen JOSEPH LI Lianqing PAN Genxing Yun LIN Paul MUNROE Ben PACE Sarasadat TAHERYMOOSAVI Lukas VAN ZWIETEN Torsten THOMAS Shaun NIELSEN Jun YE Scott DONNE | 2015 | Pedosphere2015，25，5： | 8 |
| 5 | Application of Cydia pomonella expressed sequence tags: Identification and expression of three general odorant binding proteins in codling moth显示文摘幼鳕蛾, Cydia pomonella,是在世界上的梨果水果的最重要的害虫之一,然而,分子的遗传和这个昆虫遗体的生理学糟糕理解。8341 个表示顺序标签的一个联合集会从八个织物特定的 cDNA 图书馆定序的 Roche 454 GS-FLX 被产生。通常认为的化学感应的蛋白质(12 ) 和有气味的东西绑定蛋白质(OBP )(18 ) 被注解,它包括了三通常认为的一般 OBP (GOBP ) ,一个人典型地非常为另外的鳞翅目报导了。为了推进,描绘 CpomGOBPs,我们克隆他们的抄本的 cDNA 拷贝并且在各种各样的纸巾决定了他们的表示模式。为 CpomGOBP1 698nt 抄本克隆并且定序导致了编码区域的 163 氨基酸的预言,并且随后的 RT-PCR 显示抄本主要在天线和 mouthparts 被表示。CpomGOBP3 抄本主要是的 702 nt (169 氨基酸) 在天线, mouthparts,和女腹部表示了的 CpomGOBP2 和小说付小费给的 1289 nt (160 氨基酸) 。这些结果显示定序的那下一代为兴趣的新奇抄本的鉴定是有用的,并且那幼鳕蛾表示为 GOBP 亚科的一个新成员编码的一个抄本。 | Stephen F. Garczynski Brad S. Coates Thomas R. Unruh Scott Schaeffer Derick Jiwan Tyson Koepke Amit Dhingra | 2013 | Insect Science2013，20，5： | 6 |
| 6 | The fidelity of DNA synthesis by eukaryotic replicative and translesion synthesis polymerases显示文摘在他们描述脱氧核糖核酸双螺旋,沃森和克里克的结构写了什么可以是在科学文学的最大的保守的陈述之一的精液的出版,也就是那“这没疏忽特定的配对我们立即要求了为遗传物质建议可能的拷贝机制。“半个世纪以后,我们更充分欣赏它是与精确性复制 60 亿核苷酸的巨大的挑战需要稳定地在许多代上维持人的染色体的。这挑战也许比大 50 年以前被认识到,因为随后的研究表明了染色体能被在脱氧核糖核酸而且由现在质问到复制的正常脱氧核糖核酸的各种各样的顺序主题产生潜在地细胞毒素、诱变的损害的一个大数字和变化的环境压力使动摇不仅。向染色体稳定性的许多决定因素的更好的理解,这章考察 undamaged 和损坏脱氧核糖核酸与被拷贝的忠实,与真核细胞的 B 家庭和 Y 家庭 DNA 的一个焦点,并且考虑这忠实怎么被完成。 | Scott D McCulloch Thomas A Kunkel | 2008 | Cell Research2008，18，1： | 5 |
| 7 | Placental Transfer of Anti–Tumor Necrosis Factor Agents in Pregnant Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease显示文摘 | Uma Mahadevan Douglas C. Wolf Marla Dubinsky Antoine Cortot Scott D. Lee Corey A. Siegel Thomas Ullman Sarah Glover John F. Valentine David T. Rubin Jocelyn Miller Maria T. Abreu | 2013 | Clinical Gastroenterology and Hepatology2013，，： | 4 |
| 8 | AHA/ACC Guidelines for Secondary Prevention for Patients With Coronary and Other Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease: 2006 Update: Endorsed by the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute显示文摘 | Sidney C. Smith Jerilyn Allen Steven N. Blair Robert O. Bonow Lawrence M. Brass Gregg C. Fonarow Scott M. Grundy Loren Hiratzka Daniel Jones Harlan M. Krumholz Lori Mosca Richard C. Pasternak Thomas Pearson Marc A. Pfeffer Kathryn A. Taubert | 2006 | Circulation2006，，19： | 4 |
| 9 | Silvicultural alternatives to conventional even-aged forest man-agement-what limits global adoption?显示文摘Background: The development of forestry as a scientific and management discipline over the last two centuries has mainly emphasized intensive management operations focused on increased commodity production, mostly wood. This 'conventional' forest management approach has typically favored production of even-aged, single-species stands. While alternative management regimes have generally received less attention, this has been changing over the last three decades, especially in countries with developed economies. Reasons for this change include a combination of new information and concerns about the ecological consequences of intensive forestry practices and a willingness on the part of many forest owners and society to embrace a wider set of management objectives. Alternative silvicultural approaches are characterized by a set of fundamental principles, including avoidance of clearcutting, an emphasis on structural diversity and small-scale variability, deployment of mixed species with natural regeneration,and avoidance of intensive site-preparation methods.Methods: Our compilation of the authors' experiences and perspectives from various parts of the world aims to initiate a larger discussion concerning the constraints to and the potential of adopting alternative silvicultural practices.Results: The results suggest that a wider adoption of alternative silvicultural practices is currently hindered by a suite of ecological, economic, logistical, informational, cultural, and historical constraints. Individual contexts display their own unique combinations and relative significance of these constraints, and accordingly, targeted efforts, such as regulations and incentives, may help to overcome specific challenges.Conclusions: In a broader context, we propose that less emphases on strict applications of principles and on stand structures might provide additional flexibility and facilitate the adoption of alternative silvicultural regimes in a broader set of circumstances. At the same time, the acceptance of alternative silvicultural systems as the 'preferred or default mode of management' wil necessitate and benefit from the continued development of the scientific basis and valuation of a variety of ecosystem goods and services. This publication is aimed to further the discussion in this context. | Klaus J Puettmann Scott McG Wilson Susan C Baker Pablo J Donoso Lars Dr?ssler Girma Amente Brian D Harvey Thomas Knoke Yuanchang Lu Susanna Nocentini Francis E Putz Toshiya Yoshida Jürgen Bauhus | 2015 | Forest Ecosystems2015，2，2： | 4 |
| 10 | Genome-wide SNP Genotyping Resolves Signatures of Selection and Tetrasomic Recombination in Peanut显示文摘花生(Arachis hypogaea;2n = 4x = 40 ) 是滋养的食物和维生素,矿物质,和健康脂肪的好来源。扩大基因并且为栽培花生的基因改进的 genomic 资源从栽培花生的双祖先的定序的染色体获得了动量。便于 Arachis 种类的高产量的 genotyping, 20 遗传型被重新定序,染色体宽的单个核苷酸多型性(SNP ) 被选择开发一个大规模 SNP genotyping 数组。为在 genotyping 应用程序的灵活性,在 tetraploid 和双种类之间多态的 SNP 为使用被包括在栽培并且种间的人口。一套 384 就职被用来测试导致生产了在双种类之间的高质量的多态的簇的 54 564 个标记的数组, 47 116 个多态的标记在之间栽培并且种间的混血儿,和在 A 以内的 15 897 个多态的标记。hypogaea germplasm。一另外 1193 个标记被识别那照亮的 genomic 区域展出 tetrasomic 再结合。而且,完成美国跑步者 germplasm 的家谱的一套精英栽培变种是 genotyped 并且过去常识别经历了积极选择的 genomic 区域。这些观察在栽培花生在新基因差异的包括上提供关键卓见并且将通知发展高分辨率的印射的人口。由于它的效率,范围,和灵活性,最新发达的 SNP 数组将为在 Arachis 的进一步基因、引起的应用程序是很有用的。 | Josh Clevenger Ye Chu Carolina Chavarro Gaurav Agarwal David J. Bertioli Soraya C.M. LeaI-Bertioli Manish K. Pandey Justin Vaughn Brian Abernathy Noelle A. Barkley Ran Hovav Mark Burow Spurthi N. Nayak Annapurna Chitikineni Thomas G. Isleib C. Corley Holbrook Scott A. Jackson Rajeev K. Varshney Peggy Ozias-Akins | 2017 | Molecular Plant2017，10，2： | 4 |
| 11 | Evidence-Based Incorporation of Serum Sodium Concentration Into MELD显示文摘 | Scott W. Biggins W. Ray Kim Norah A. Terrault Sammy Saab Vijay Balan Thomas Schiano Joanne Benson Terry Therneau Walter Kremers Russell Wiesner Patrick Kamath Goran Klintmalm | 2006 | Gastroenterology2006，，6： | 3 |
| 12 | Risk of Intestinal Cancer in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Population-Based Study From Olmsted County, Minnesota显示文摘 | Tine Jess Edward V. Loftus Fernando S. Velayos W. Scott Harmsen Alan R. Zinsmeister Thomas C. Smyrk Cathy D. Schleck William J. Tremaine L. Joseph Melton Pia Munkholm William J. Sandborn | 2006 | Gastroenterology2006，，4： | 3 |
| 13 | 抗生素耐药性环境中产生和转移的人类健康风险评估(HHRA)显示文摘[背景]直到最近,人们才明确环境能影响抗生素耐药性风险对临床结果的影响,但迄今为止,很少有文献记录正式评估这些风险的方法。[目标]我们研究可能的方法,并试图确定人类健康风险评估(HHRA)的研究需求,这项评估注重环境在抗生素耐药性病原体所致的抗生素治疗失败中所起的作用。[方法]作者参加了2012年3月4—8日在加拿大魁北克省举行的研讨会,定义抗生素耐药性风险与人类健康环境评估的范围和目标。我们专注于环境中耐药性产生'热点区域'的关键要素,(与食品无关的)暴露评估以及剂量反应,以描述风险特征,从而改善抗生素耐药性管理的方案。[讨论]识别传统风险评估中有助于评估环境中抗生素耐药性的各个新方面。包括:a)解释附加的选择压力对环境耐药基因组的作用,即随着时间的推移,促使抗生素耐药性细菌(ARB)产生;b)在相关的环境组成部分的'热点区域'中识别和描述水平基因转移(HGT)率;c)针对不同健康结局和途径的ARB剂量修改传统的剂量反应方法。[结论]我们建议将抗生素耐药性产生造成的环境影响纳入所有涉及ARB的HHRA过程之中。由于可用的数据有限,一种多标准决策分析方法将有助于进行环境中抗生素耐药性的HHRA,并使风险管理者了解环境抗生素耐药性。 | Nicholas J.Ashbolt Alejandro Amézquita Thomas Backhaus Peter Borriello Kristian K.Brandt Peter Collignon Anja Coors Rita Finley William H.Gaze Thomas Heberer John R.Lawrence D.G.Joakim Larsson Scott A.McEwen James J.Ryan Jens Schnfeld Peter Silley Jason R.Snape Christel Van den Eede Edward Topp 王晓宇 张伊人 操仪 | 2014 | 环境与职业医学2014，31，2： | 3 |
| 14 | Feeding Biochar to Cows:An Innovative Solution for Improving Soil Fertility and Farm Productivity显示文摘Addition of biochar produced through thermal decomposition of biomass has been seen as a strategy to improve soils and to sequester carbon(C), but wide scale implementation of the technology requires to devise innovative profitable solutions. To develop biochar utilisation with an integrated system approach, an innovative program was implemented in 2012 on a 53-ha farm in Western Australia to determine the costs and benefits of integrating biochar with animal husbandry and improvement of pastures. Biochar was mixed with molasses and fed directly to cows. The dung-biochar mixture was incorporated into the soil profile by dung beetles.We studied the changes in soil properties over 3 years. Biochar extracted from fresh dung and from the soil to a depth of 40 cm was characterised. A preliminary financial analysis of the costs and benefits of this integrated approach was also undertaken. The preliminary investigation results suggested that this strategy was effective in improving soil properties and increasing returns to the farmer. It was also concluded that the biochar adsorbed nutrients from the cow's gut and from the dung. Dung beetles could transport this nutrient-rich biochar into the soil profile. There was little evidence that the recalcitrant component of the biochar was reduced through reactions inside the gut or on/in the soil. Further research is required to quantify the long-term impact of integrating biochar and dung beetles into the rearing of cows. | Stephen JOSEPH Doug POW Kathy DAWSON David R.G.MITCHELL Aditya RAWAL James HOOK Sarasadat TAHERYMOOSAVI Lukas VAN ZWIETEN Joshua RUST Scott DONNE Paul MUNROE Ben PACE Ellen GRABER Torsten THOMAS Shaun NIELSEN Jun YE Yun LIN PAN Genxing LI Lianqing Zakaria M.SOLAIMAN | 2015 | Pedosphere2015，25，5： | 2 |
| 15 | Role of microbubble ultrasound contrast agents in the non-invasive assessment of chronic hepatitis C-related liver disease显示文摘长期地感染丙肝病毒的病人经常得长期的肝疾病,对肝损伤的严厉的评价在认为病毒的根除是治疗以前被要求。这篇文章检验从标准答案肝活体检视当前可得到的各种各样的评价方法到血清学的标记和成像。超声是在临床的实践的最广泛地使用的成像形式之一并且已经是为肝疾病的一个首要的诊断工具。Microbubble 超声对比代理人允许更高的分辨率要获得的图象和对要执行的微脉管的变化的功能的评价。在确定的这些代理人的角色肝的损害的状态作为与丙肝在病人决定肝疾病的阶段和等级的一个可行方法被讨论。尽管当前限制了到专家中心,提高对比的超声将不可避免地在临床的背景增加的微水泡的可获得性。 | Scott Grier Adrian KP Lim Nayna Patel Jeremy FL Cobbold Howard C Thomas Isobel J Cox Simon D Taylor-Robinson | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，22： | 2 |
| 16 | 2012 ACCF/AHA Focused Update Incorporated Into the ACCF/AHA 2007 Guidelines for the Management of Patients With Unstable Angina/Non–ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction显示文摘 | Jeffrey L. Anderson Cynthia D. Adams Elliott M. Antman Charles R. Bridges Robert M. Califf Donald E. Casey William E. Chavey Francis M. Fesmire Judith S. Hochman Thomas N. Levin A. Michael Lincoff Eric D. Peterson Pierre Theroux Nanette K. Wenger R. Scott | 2013 | Journal of the American College of Cardiology2013，，23： | 2 |
| 17 | Towards a unified paradigm for sequence‐based identification of fungi显示文摘 | Urmas K?ljalg R. Henrik Nilsson Kessy Abarenkov Leho Tedersoo Andy F. S. Taylor Mohammad Bahram Scott T. Bates Thomas D. Bruns Johan Bengtsson‐Palme Tony M. Callaghan Brian Douglas Tiia Drenkhan Ursula Eberhardt Margarita Due?as Tine Grebenc Gareth W. Gri | 2013 | Mol Ecol2013，，21： | 2 |
| 18 | Phlegmonous gastritis: case report and review显示文摘 | Gordon Y. Kim John Ward Bruce Henessey Joyce Peji Christopher Godell Hiwot Desta Scott Arlin John Tzagournis Fred Thomas | 2005 | Gastrointestinal Endoscopy2005，，1： | 2 |
| 19 | Automatic Auditory Processing Deficits in Schizophrenia and Clinical High-Risk Patients: Forecasting Psychosis Risk with Mismatch Negativity显示文摘 | Veronica B. Perez Scott W. Woods Brian J. Roach Judith M. Ford Thomas H. McGlashan Vinod H. Srihari Daniel H. Mathalon | 2014 | Biological Psychiatry2014，，6： | 2 |
| 20 | Parturition and urinary incontinence in primiparas 1 1 Statistical analysis was done by Pantelis Andreou.显示文摘 | Scott A Farrell Victoria M Allen Thomas F Baskett | 2001 | Obstetrics & Gynecology2001，，3： | 2 |
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