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| 1 | Metabolic activity of Streptococcus mutans biofilms and gene expression during exposure to xylitol and sucrose显示文摘The objective of the study was to analyse Streptococcus mutans biofilms grown under different dietary conditions by using multifaceted methodological approaches to gain deeper insight into the cariogenic impact of carbohydrates. S. mutans biofilms were generated during a period of 24 h in the following media: Schaedler broth as a control medium containing endogenous glucose, Schaedler broth with an additional 5% sucrose, and Schaedler broth supplemented with 1% xylitol. The confocal laser scanning microscopy(CLSM)-based analyses of the microbial vitality, respiratory activity(5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride, CTC) and production of extracellular polysaccharides(EPS) were performed separately in the inner, middle and outer biofilm layers. In addition to the microbiological sample testing, the glucose/sucrose consumption of the biofilm bacteria was quantified, and the expression of glucosyltransferases and other biofilm-associated genes was investigated. Xylitol exposure did not inhibit the viability of S. mutans biofilms, as monitored by the following experimental parameters: culture growth, vitality, CTC activity and EPS production. However,xylitol exposure caused a difference in gene expression compared to the control. Gtf C was upregulated only in the presence of xylitol.Under xylitol exposure, gtf B was upregulated by a factor of 6, while under sucrose exposure, it was upregulated by a factor of three.Compared with glucose and xylitol, sucrose increased cell vitality in all biofilm layers. In all nutrient media, the intrinsic glucose was almost completely consumed by the cells of the S. mutans biofilm within 24 h. After 24 h of biofilm formation, the multiparametric measurements showed that xylitol in the presence of glucose caused predominantly genotypic differences but did not induce metabolic differences compared to the control. Thus, the availability of dietary carbohydrates in either a pure or combined form seems to affect the cariogenic potential of S. mutans biofilms. | Eva-Maria Decker Christian Klein Dimitri Schwindt Christiane von Ohle | 2014 | International Journal of Oral Science2014，6，4： | 4 |
| 2 | Transient lesion in the splenium related to antiepileptic drug: Case report and new pathophysiological insights显示文摘 | Kerstin Anneken Stefan Evers Siawoosh Mohammadi Wolfram Schwindt Michael Deppe | 2008 | Seizure: European Journal of Epilepsy2008，，7： | 2 |
| 3 | Endothelial progen- itor cells in patients with acute cerebrovascular ischemia 显示文摘 | Mohammad A Ghani U Schwindt B | 2010 | Can J Neurol Sci2010，37，6： | 1 |
| 4 | Mercury concentrations in salmouids from western US national parks and relationships with age and macrophage aggregates 显示文摘 | Schwindt A R Fournie J W Landers D H | 2008 | Environmental Science and Technology2008，42，4： | 1 |
| 5 | Interactions between the NO-citrulline cycle and brain-derived neurotrophic factor in differentiation of neural stem cells显示文摘 | Lameu C Trujillo C A Schwindt T T Negraes P D Pillat M M Morais K L | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 6 | A low gate bias model extraction technique for A1GaN/GaN HEMTs 显示文摘 | CHEN G KUMAR V SCHWINDT R S | 2006 | IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques2006，54，7： | 1 |
| 7 | Chemical development of CI-1008, an enantiomerically pure anticonvulsant 显示文摘 | Hoekstra M S Sobieray D M Schwindt | 1997 | Organic Process Research & Development1997，1，1： | 1 |
| 8 | Chemical development of CI-1008 ,an enaniomerically pure anticonvulsant显示文摘 | Sobieray DM Schwindt MA | 1997 | Org Process Res Dev1997，1，1： | 1 |
| 9 | A Microfabricated Atomic Clock 显示文摘 | Knappe S Shah V Schwindt P D D | 2004 | Appl Phys Lett2004，85，： | 1 |
| 10 | A Policy Analysis of the BC Salmon Fishery显示文摘 | Richard Schwindt Aidan R.Vining David Weimer | | 0，，01： | 1 |
| 11 | Chemical development of CI-1008,an enantiomerically pure anticonvulsant显示文摘 | Hoekstra MS Sobieray DM Schwindt MA | 1997 | OrgProcess Res Dev1997，1，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Chemically- induced RAT mesenchymal stem ceils adopt molecular properties of neuronal-like ceils but do not have basic neuronal functional properties显示文摘 | Barnabe GF Schwindt TY Calcagnotto ME | 2009 | PLoS One2009，4，4： | 1 |
| 13 | Endovascular treatment as first line approach for infrarenal aortic occlusive disease 显示文摘 | Schwindt AG Panuccio G Donas KP | 2011 | J Vasc Surg2011，53，： | 1 |
| 14 | Endovascular treatment as first line approach for infrarenal aortic occlusive disease显示文摘 | Arne Gerhard Schwindt Giuseppe Panuccio Konstantinos P. Donas Luca Ferretto Martin Austermann Giovanni Torsello | 2011 | Journal of Vascular Surgery2011，，6： | 1 |
| 15 | Chemical development of CI - 1008, an enantiomerically pure anticonvulsant显示文摘 | HOEKSTRA M S SOBIERY D M SCHWINDT M A | 1997 | Org Proc Res Dev1997，1，： | 1 |
| 16 | Negative slope conductance due to a persistent subthreshold sodium current in cat neocortical neurons in vitro显示文摘 | Stafstrom CE Schwindt PC Crill WE | 1982 | Brain Res1982，236，1： | 1 |
| 17 | Endothelial Progenitor Cells During Cerebrovascular Disease显示文摘 | Usman Ghani Ashfaq Shuaib Abdul Salam Aman Nasir Umar Shuaib Tom Jeerakathil Faiz Sher Fintan O’Rourke Abdul Majeed Nasser Brenda Schwindt Kathryn Todd | 2005 | Stroke2005，，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Truncated branch-and-bound, schedule-construction, and schedule - improvement procedures for resource- constrained project scheduling显示文摘 | FRANCK B NEUMANN K SCHWINDT C | 2001 | OR-Spektrum2001，23，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Batch scheduling in process industries:an application of resource-constrained project scheduling显示文摘 | Christoph Schwindt Norbert trautmann | 2000 | OR Spektrum2000，22，： | 1 |
| 20 | A chip-scale atomic clock based on 87Rb with improved frequency stability 显示文摘 | Knappe S Schwindt P D D Shah V | 2005 | Optics Express2005，31，4： | 1 |
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