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| 1 | Protective effects of ischemic preconditioning and application of lipoic acid prior to 90 min of hepatic ischemia in a rat model显示文摘AIM: To compare different preconditioning strategies to protect the liver from ischemia/reperfusion injury focusing on the expression of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins. Interventions comprised different modes of ischemic preconditioning (IP) as well as pharmacologic pretreatment by α-lipoic acid (LA). METHODS: Several groups of rats were compared: sham operated animals, non-pretreated animals (nt), animals receiving IP (10 min of ischemia by clamping of the portal triad and 10 min of reperfusion) prior to sustained ischemia, animals receiving selective ischemic preconditioning (IPsel, 10 min of ischemia by selective clamping of the ischemic lobe and 10 min of reperfusion) prior to sustained ichemia, and animals receiving 500 μmol α-LA injected i.v. 15 min prior to the induction of 90 min of selective ischemia. RESULTS: Cellular damage was decreased only in the LA group. TUNEL-positive hepatocytes as well as necrotic hepatocyte injury were also decreased only by LA (19 ± 2 vs 10 ± 1, P < 0.05 and 29 ± 5 vs 12 ± 1, P < 0.05). Whereas caspase 3- activities in liver tissue were unchanged, caspase 9- activity in liver tissue was decreased only by LA pretreatment (3.1 ± 0.3 vs 1.8 ± 0.2, P < 0.05). Survival rate as the endpoint of liver function was increased after IP and LA pretreatment but not after IPsel. Levels of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in liver tissue were decreased in the IP as well as in the LA group compared to the nt group. Determination of pro- and anti-apoptotic proteins showed a shift towardsanti-apoptotic proteins by LA. In contrast, both our IP strategies failed to influence apototic cell death. CONCLUSION: IP, consisting of 10 min of ischemia and 10 min of reperfusion, protects only partly against ischemia/reperfusion injury of the liver prior to 90 min of selective ischemia. IPsel did not influence ischemic tolerance of the liver. LA improved tolerance to ischemia, possibly by downregulation of pro-apoptotic Bax. | Friedrich Duenschede Kirsten Erbes Nina Riegler Patrick Ewald Achim Kircher Stefanie Westermann Arno Schad Imke Miesmer Simon Albrecht-Schck Ines Gockel Alexandra K Kiemer Theodor Junginger | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，27： | 8 |
| 2 | 薄膜包衣技术难点及解决方案显示文摘本文论述了素片、包衣粉、包衣设备等因素对包衣片均匀性的影响,还对包衣粉中使用增塑剂的重要性及包衣过程中各个参数对包衣片质量的影响进行了讨论。 | 宋宇飞 Beverly Schad | 2015 | 中国药物经济学2015，10，1： | 7 |
| 3 | Reduction of ischemia reperfusion injury after liver resection and hepatic inflow occlusion by α-lipoic acid in humans显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the protective effects of precondition- ing by α-lipoic acid (LA) in patients undergoing hepatic resection under inflow occlusion of the liver. METHODS: Twenty-four patients undergoing liver re- section for various reasons either received 600 mg LA or NaCl 15 min before transection performed under inflow occlusion of the liver. Blood samples and liver wedge bi- opsy samples were obtained after opening of the abdo- men immediately after inflow occlusion of the liver, and 30 min after the end of inflow occlusion of the liver. RESULTS: Serum levels of aspartate transferase and alanine transferase were reduced at all time points in patients who received LA in comparison to those who received NaCL. This was accompanied by reduced histo- morphological features of oncosis. We observed TUNEL- positive hepatocytes in the livers of the untreated patients, especially after 30 min of ischemia. LA attenu- ated this increase of TUNEL-positive hepatocytes. Under preconditioning with LA, ATP content was significantly enhanced after 30 min of ischemia and after 30 min of reperfusion. CONCLUSION: This is the first report on the poten- tial for LA reducing ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) of the liver in humans who were undergoing liver surgery. Beside its simple and rapid application, side effects did not occur. LA might therefore represent a new strategy against hepatic IRI in humans. | Fritz Dünschede Kirsten Erbes Achim Kircher Stefanie Westermann Joachim Seifert Arno Schad Kempski Oliver Alexandra K Kiemer Junginger Theodor | 2006 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2006，12，42： | 6 |
| 4 | Bcl-x_L and Myeloid cell leukaemia-1 contribute to apoptosis resistance of colorectal cancer cells显示文摘AIM: To explore the role of Bcl-xL and Myeloid cell leukaemia (Mcl)-1 for the apoptosis resistance of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells towards current treat-ment modalities. METHODS: Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 mRNA and protein ex-pression were analyzed in CRC cell lines as well as human CRC tissue by Western blot,quantitative PCRand immunohistochemistry. Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 protein expression was knocked down or increased in CRC cell lines by applying specific siRNAs or expression plas-mids,respectively. After modulation of protein expres-sion,CRC cells were treated with chemotherapeutic agents,an antagonistic epidermal growth factor recep-tor (EGFR1) antibody,an EGFR1 tyrosine kinase inhibi-tor,or with the death receptor ligand TRAIL. Apoptosis induction and cell viability were analyzed. RESULTS: Here we show that in human CRC tis-sue and various CRC cell lines both Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 are expressed. Bcl-xL expression was higher in CRC tissue than in surrounding non-malignant tissue,both on protein and mRNA level. Mcl-1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in ma-lignant tissues. However,protein expression was slightly higher. Viability rates of CRC cells were significantly decreased after knock down of Bcl-xL expression,and,to a lower extent,after knock down of Mcl-1 expression. Furthermore,cells with reduced Bcl-xL or Mcl-1 expression was more sensitive towards oxaliplatin-and irinotecan-induced apoptosis,and in the case of Bcl-xL also towards 5-FU-induced apoptosis. On the other hand,upregulation of Bcl-xL by transfec-tion of an expression plasmid decreased chemothera-peutic drug-induced apoptosis. EGF treatment clearly induced Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 expression in CRC cells. Apop-tosis induction upon EGFR1 blockage by cetuximab or PD168393 was increased by inhibiting Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL expression. More strikingly,CD95-and TRAIL-induced apoptosis was increased by Bcl-xL knock down. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that Bcl-xL and,to a lower extent,Mcl-1,are important anti-apoptotic factors in CRC. Specific downregulation of Bcl-xL is a promising approach to sensitize CRC cells towards chemotherapy and targeted therapy. | Henning Schulze-Bergkamen Roland Ehrenberg Lothar Hickmann Binje Vick Toni Urbanik Christoph C Schimanski Martin R Berger Arno Schad Achim Weber Steffen Heeger Peter R Galle Markus Moehler | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，24： | 4 |
| 5 | The synthesis and transition temperatures of ester derivatrives of 2-fluoro-4-hydroxy-and 3-fluoro-4-hydroxybenzonitrile also incorporating aliphatic ring systems显示文摘 | Kelly S M Schad H | 1984 | Helv Chim Acta1984，67，6： | 1 |
| 6 | Importance of the mitral appa- ratus for left ventrlcular function: An experimental approach显示文摘 | Gains E Hegl S Schad H | 1992 | Eur J Cardio-Thorac Surg1992，6，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Electrochemically deposited diffusion barriers 显示文摘 | PAUNOVIC M BAILEY P J SCHAD R G SMITH D A | 1994 | Journal of Electrochemical Society1994，141，7： | 1 |
| 8 | Pulmonary function after biventricular bypass for autologous lung oxygenation 显示文摘 | Mendler N Heimisch W Schad H | 2000 | Eur J Cardiothorac Surg2000，17，3： | 1 |
| 9 | Significance of the subvalvular apparatus for left ventricular dimensions and systolic function:experimental replacement of the mitralvalve显示文摘 | GAMS E HAGL S SCHAD H | 1991 | Thorac Cardiovas Surg1991，39，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Involvement of the putative ATP-dependent efflux proteins PatA and PatB in fluoroquinolone resistance of a multidrug-resistant mutant of Streptococcus pneumoniae显示文摘 | MARRER E SCHAD K SATOH A T | 2006 | Antimicrob Agents Chemother2006，50，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Toward an optimal distribution of b values for intravoxel incoherent motion imaging显示文摘 | Lemke A Stieltjes B Schad LR | 2011 | Magn Reson Imaging2011，29，6： | 1 |
| 12 | Knowledge and self-managemend behaviours of pantients with recently detected atralfibrillation显示文摘 | McCabe PJ Schad S Hampton A | 2008 | Heart Lung2008，37，： | 1 |
| 13 | Patient-con- trolled analgesia versus intramuscular analgesic therapy 显示文摘 | Smythe M Loughlin K Schad RF | 1994 | Am J Hosp Pharm1994，51，： | 1 |
| 14 | Application of a multivari- ate seizure detection and prediction method to non-invasive and in- tracranial long-term EEG recordings显示文摘 | Schad A Schindler K Schelter B | 2008 | Clin Neurophysiol2008，119，1： | 1 |
| 15 | Patient-controlled analgesia versus intramuscular analgesic Therapy 显示文摘 | Smythe M Loughlin K Schad RF | 1994 | AM J Hosp Pharm1994，51，1： | 1 |
| 16 | MR Angiography: clinical applications in thoracic surgery显示文摘 | H. -U. Kauczor A. H. Gamrothe S. J. Tuengerthal P. Herb L. R. Schad W. Semmler G. Kaick | 1992 | European Radiology1992，，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Synthese ringf Ermcger verbindungen aus benolderivaten mit offenen seiteketten显示文摘 | Schad P | | Ber0，26，： | 1 |
| 18 | MHC class II DRBdiversity,selection pattern and population structure in a neotropi-cal bat species,Noctilio albiventris显示文摘 | Schad J Dechmann D K Voigt C C | 2011 | Heredity(Edinb)2011，107，2： | 1 |
| 19 | Capillary leak syndrome af ter cardiopulmonary bypass in elective, uncomplicated coronary artery bypass grafting operations :does it exist显示文摘 | Tassani P Schad H Winkler C | 2002 | Thorac Cardiorasc Surg2002，123，4： | 1 |
| 20 | IFN-alpha promotes definitive maturation of dendritic cells generated by short-term culture of monocytes with GM-CSF and IL-4显示文摘 | Dauer M Schad K Junkmann J | 2006 | J Leukoc Biol2006，80，2： | 1 |
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