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| 1 | Use of models in large-area forest surveys: comparing model-assisted, model-based and hybrid estimation显示文摘This paper focuses on the use of models for increasing the precision of estimators in large-area forest surveys.It is motivated by the increasing availability of remotely sensed data,which facilitates the development of models predicting the variables of interest in forest surveys.We present,review and compare three different estimation frameworks where models play a core role:model-assisted,model-based,and hybrid estimation.The first two are well known,whereas the third has only recently been introduced in forest surveys.Hybrid inference mixes designbased and model-based inference,since it relies on a probability sample of auxiliary data and a model predicting the target variable from the auxiliary data.We review studies on large-area forest surveys based on model-assisted,modelbased,and hybrid estimation,and discuss advantages and disadvantages of the approaches.We conclude that no general recommendations can be made about whether model-assisted,model-based,or hybrid estimation should be preferred.The choice depends on the objective of the survey and the possibilities to acquire appropriate field and remotely sensed data.We also conclude that modelling approaches can only be successfully applied for estimating target variables such as growing stock volume or biomass,which are adequately related to commonly available remotely sensed data,and thus purely field based surveys remain important for several important forest parameters. | Goran Stahl Svetlana Saarela Sebastian Schnell Soren Holm Johannes Breidenbach Sean P. Healey Paul L. Patterson Steen Magnussen Erik Naesset Ronald E. McRoberts Timothy G. Gregoire | 2016 | Forest Ecosystems2016，3，2： | 7 |
| 2 | Mapping aboveground biomass and its prediction uncertainty using LiDAR and field data, accounting for tree-level allometric and LiDAR model errors显示文摘Background: The increasing availability of remotely sensed data has recently challenged the traditional way of performing forest inventories, and induced an interest in model-based inference. Like traditional design-based inference, model-based inference allows for regional estimates of totals and means, but in addition for wall-to-wall mapping of forest characteristics. Recently Light Detection and Ranging(LiDAR)-based maps of forest attributes have been developed in many countries and been well received by users due to their accurate spatial representation of forest resources. However, the correspondence between such mapping and model-based inference is seldom appreciated. In this study we applied hierarchical model-based inference to produce aboveground biomass maps as well as maps of the corresponding prediction uncertainties with the same spatial resolution. Further, an estimator of mean biomass at regional level, and its uncertainty, was developed to demonstrate how mapping and regional level assessment can be combined within the framework of model-based inference.Results: Through a new version of hierarchical model-based estimation, allowing models to be nonlinear, we accounted for uncertainties in both the individual tree-level biomass models and the models linking plot level biomass predictions with LiDAR metrics. In a 5005 km2 large study area in south-central Sweden the predicted aboveground biomass at the level of 18 m×18 m map units was found to range between 9 and 447 Mg·ha^-1. The corresponding root mean square errors ranged between 10 and 162 Mg·ha^-1. For the entire study region, the mean aboveground biomass was 55 Mg·ha^-1 and the corresponding relative root mean square error 8%. At this level 75%of the mean square error was due to the uncertainty associated with tree-level models.Conclusions: Through the proposed method it is possible to link mapping and estimation within the framework of model-based inference. Uncertainties in both tree-level biomass models and models linking plot level biomass with LiDAR data are accounted for, both for the uncertainty maps and the overall estimates. The development of hierarchical model-based inference to handle nonlinear models was an important prerequisite for the study. | Svetlana Saarela AndréWästlund Emma Holmström Alex Appiah Mensah Sören Holm Mats Nilsson Jonas Fridman Göran Ståhl | 2020 | Forest Ecosystems2020，7，3： | 3 |
| 3 | Welfare participation and welfare dependence among the unemployed显示文摘 | Maria Melkersson Jan Saarela | 2004 | Population Economics2004，，3： | 2 |
| 4 | Reference values for indoor air pollutant concentrations in new, residential buildings in Finland显示文摘 | JARNSTROM H SAARELA K KALLIOKOSKI P | 2006 | Atmospheric Environment2006，40，37： | 1 |
| 5 | References values for indoor air pollutant concentrations in new, residential buildings in Finland 显示文摘 | Jarnsteom H Saarela K Kalliokoski P | 2006 | Atmospheric Environment2006，113，： | 1 |
| 6 | Probiotic bacteria: safety, functional and technological properties 显示文摘 | Saarela M Mogensen G Fonden R | 2000 | Biotechnol2000，84，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Age-related acquisition of oral and nasophanyngeal yeast species and stability of colonization in young children显示文摘 | Hannula J Saarela M Jousimies-Semer H | 1999 | Oral Microbiol Immunol1999，14，3： | 1 |
| 8 | Adiponectin gene haplotype is associated with preeclampsia显示文摘 | Hiltunen M Helisalmi S | 2006 | Genet Test2006，10，1： | 1 |
| 9 | Lactic acid permeabilizes gram-negative bacteria by disrupting the outer membrane 显示文摘 | ALAKOMI H L SKYTTA E SAARELA M | 2000 | Appl Environ Microbiol2000，66，： | 1 |
| 10 | Complete primary structure of two variant forms of human type XVIII collagen and tissue-specific diffences in the expression of the corresponding transcript显示文摘 | Saarela J Ylik:irpp:i R Rehn M | 1998 | Matrix Biol1998，16，6： | 1 |
| 11 | Reference values for indoor air pollutant concentrations in new,residential buildings in Finland显示文摘 | Jamstro H Saarela K Kalliokoski P | 2006 | Atmos Environ2006，40，： | 1 |
| 12 | Functional dairy products显示文摘 | MINIHANE A M SAARELA M | 2009 | The British Journal of Nutrition2009，101，9： | 1 |
| 13 | Fibres as carriers for Lactobacillus rhamnosus during freeze-drying and storage in apple juice and chocolate-coated breakfast cereals显示文摘 | Saarela M Virkajarvi I Nohynek L | 2006 | Int J Food Microbiol2006，112，： | 1 |
| 14 | Expression of mRNAs fortype I and type III procollagens in serous ovarian cystadenomas andcystadenocarcinomas显示文摘 | Kauppila S Saarela J Stenback F | 1996 | Am J Pathol1996，148，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Global estimates of the burden of injury and illness at work in 2012显示文摘 | Takala J Hamalainen P Saarela KL | 2014 | J Occup Environ Hyg2014，11，5： | 1 |
| 16 | Global trend accord- ing to estimated number of occupational accidents and fatal work-relat- ed diseases at region and country level 显示文摘 | HAMALAINEN P SAARELA K L TAKALA J | 2009 | Journal of Safety Re- search2009，40，2： | 1 |
| 17 | Preoperative methylene blue staining of galactographically suspicious breast lesions 显示文摘 | Saarela AO Kiviniemi HO Rissanen TJ | 1997 | Int Surg1997，82，4： | 1 |
| 18 | Possihle association of interleukin l gene locus polymorphisms with low back pain显示文摘 | Solovieva S Leino-Arjas P Saarela J | | 0，，： | 1 |
| 19 | Caregiver-reported swallowing difficulties,malnutrition,and mortality among older people in assisted living facilities显示文摘 | Lindroos E Saarela R K Soini H | 2014 | J Nutr Health Aging2014，18，7： | 1 |
| 20 | Ontology-based image retrieval 显示文摘 | HYVONEN E STYMAN A SAARELA S | 2002 | Helsinki Institute for Information Technology(HIIT)2002，，3： | 1 |
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