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| 1 | Systematic review: The placebo effect of psychological interventions in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome显示文摘AIM To determine the placebo response rate associated with different types of placebo interventions used in psychological intervention studies for irritable bowel syndrome. METHODS Randomized controlled trials comparing psychological interventions(stress management/relaxation therapy(cognitive) behavioral therapy, short-term psychodynamic therapy, and hypnotherapy) for the treatment of adult patients with irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) diagnosed with the Manning or Rome criteria with an adequate placebo control treatment and reporting data on IBS symptom severity were identified by searching Pub Med, Embase, the Cochrane Library, CINAHL and Psyc INFO databases. Full-text articles that were written in English and published between 1966 and February 2016 in peer-reviewed journals were selected for the present review. Placebo interventions were considered to be adequate if the number of sessions and the amount of time spent with the therapist were the same as in the active treatment. The placebo response rate(PRR) was computed for IBS symptom severity(primary outcome measure) as well as for anxiety, depression and quality of life(secondary outcome measures). RESULTS Six studies, with a total of 555 patients met the inclusion criteria. Four studies used an educational intervention, whereas two studies used a form of supportive therapy as the placebo intervention. The PRR for IBS symptom severity ranged from 25% to 59%, with a pooled mean of 41.4%. The relative PRR for the secondary outcome measures ranged from 0% to 267% for anxiety, 6% to 52% for depression 20% to 125% for quality of life. The PRR associated with pharmacological treatments, treatment with dietary bran and complementary medicine ranged from 37.5% to 47%. Contrary to our expectations, the PRR in studies on psychological interventions was comparable to that in studies on pharmacological, dietary and alternative medical interventions.CONCLUSION The PRR is probably determined to a larger extent by patient-related factors, such as expectations and desire for the treatment to be effective, than the content of the placebo intervention. | Carla E Flik Laura Bakker Wijnand Laan Yanda R van Rood André JPM Smout Niek J de Wit | 2017 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2017，23，12： | 7 |
| 2 | Early and sufhcient feeding reduces length of stay and charges in surgical patients显示文摘 | Neumayer LA Smout R J Horn HG | 2001 | J Surg Res2001，95，： | 1 |
| 3 | Emerging therapies for GERD 显示文摘 | Vander-Pol R Benninga M A Smout A J | 2011 | J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr2011，53，2： | 1 |
| 4 | Prognostic models of abdominal wound dehiscence after laparotomy 显示文摘 | Webster C Neumayer L Smout R | 2003 | J Surg Res2003，109，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Early and sufficient feeding reduces length of stay and charges in surgical patients 显示文摘 | Neumayer LA Smout R J Horn HG | 2001 | J Surg Res2001，95，： | 1 |
| 6 | Transcranial Doppler quantifica- tion of residual shunt after percutaneous patent foramen ovale closure : correla- tion of device efficacy with intracardiac anatomic measures 显示文摘 | Sorensen SG Spruance SL Smout R | 2012 | J Interv Cardi- ol2012，25，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Transcranial Doppler quantification of residual shunt after percutaneous patent foramen ovale closure : correlation of device efficacy with intracardiac anatom- ic measures显示文摘 | Sorensen SG Spruance SL Smout R | 2012 | J Interv Cardiol2012，25，3： | 1 |
| 8 | long-term Outcomes of Joint Replacement Rehabilitation Patients Discharged from Skilled Nursing and Inpatient Rehabilitation Facilities显示文摘 | DeJong G Tian W Smout R J | 2009 | Arch Phys Med Rehabil2009，90，8： | 1 |
| 9 | Effect of Laparoscopic Gastric Banding on Esophageal Motility显示文摘 | J R de Jong B van Ramshorst R Timmer H G Gooszen A J P M Smout | 2006 | Obesity Surgery2006，，1： | 1 |
| 10 | Physical therapy interventions for patients with stroke in in-patient rehabilitation facilities 显示文摘 | JETTED U LATHAM N K SMOUT R | 2005 | Physical Ther- apy2005，85，3： | 1 |
| 11 | Opioid use and survival at the end of life: a survey of a hospice population显示文摘 | PORTENOY R K SIBIRCEVA U SMOUT R | 2006 | J Pain Symptom Manage2006，32，6： | 1 |
| 12 | Prevalence of delayed gastric emptying in diabetic patients and relationship to dyspeptic symptoms-a prospective study in unselected diabetic patients显示文摘 | SAMSOM M VERMEIJDEN J R SMOUT AJPM | 2003 | Diabetes Care2003，26，： | 1 |
| 13 | Opioid use and survival at the end of life:a survey of a hospice population显示文摘 | Portenoy RK Sibirceva U Smout R | 2006 | J Pain Symptom Manage2006，32，6： | 1 |
| 14 | Voluntary induction of transient lower esophageal sphincter relaxations in an adult patient with the rumination syndrome显示文摘 | Smout AJ Breumelhof R | 1990 | Am J Gastroenterol1990，85，12： | 1 |
| 15 | Stage 2 pressure ulcer healing in nursing homes 显示文摘 | Bergstrom N Smout R Horn S | 2005 | J Am Geriatr Soc2005，56，7： | 1 |
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