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| 1 | Long-term outcome and prognostic factors of patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the long-term outcome and prognostic factors of patients with hilar cholangiocarinoma. METHODS: Ninety-six consecutive patients underwent treatment for malignant hilar bile duct tumors during 1995–2005. Of the 96 patients, 20 were initially treated with surgery (n = 2 R0 / n = 18 R1). In non-operated patients, data analysis was performed retrospectively. RESULTS: Among the 96 patients, 76 were treated with endoscopic transpapillary (ERC, n = 45) and/or percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage (PTBD, n = 31). The mean survival time of these 76 patients undergoing palliative endoscopic and/or percutaneous drainage was 359 ± 296 d. The mean survival time of patients with initial bilirubin levels > 10 mg/dL was significantly lower (P < 0.001) than patients with bilirubin levels < 10 mg/dL. The mean survival time of patients with Bismuth stage Ⅱ (n = 8), Ⅲ (n = 28) and Ⅳ (n = 40) was 496 ± 300 d, 441 ± 385 d and 274 ± 218 d, respectively. Thus, patients with advanced Bismuth stage showed a reduced mean survival time, but the difference was not significant. The type of biliary drainage had no significant beneficial effect on the mean survival time (ERC vs PTBD, P = 0.806). CONCLUSION: Initial bilirubin level is a significant prognostic factor for survival of patients. In contrast, age, tumor stage according to the Bismuth-Corlette classification, and types of intervention are not significant prognostic parameters for survival. Palliative treatment with endoscopic or percutaneous biliary drainage is still suboptimal, new diagnostic and therapeutic tools need to be evaluated. | Andreas Weber Sonja Landrock Jochen Schneider Manfred Stangl Bruno Neu Peter Born Meinhard Classen Thomas Rsch Roland M Schmid Christian Prinz | 2007 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2007，13，9： | 23 |
| 2 | Diagnostic approaches for cholangiocarcinoma显示文摘Cholangiocarcinomas arise from the epithelial cells of the bile ducts and are associated with poor prognosis. Despite new diagnostic approaches, the definite diagnosis of this malignancy continues to be challenging. Cholangiocarcinomas often grow longitudinally along the bile duct rather than in a radial direction. Thus, large tumor masses are frequently absent and imaging techniques, including ultrasound, CT, and MRI have only limited sensitivity. Tissue collection during endoscopic (ERCP) and/or percutaneous transhepatic (PTC) procedures are usually used to confirm a definitive diagnosis of cholangiocarcinoma. However, forceps biopsy and brush cytology provide positive results for malignancy in about only 50% of patients. Percutaneous and peroral cholangioscopy using fiber-optic techniques were therefore developed for direct visualization of the biliary tree, yielding additional information about endoscopic appearance and tumor extension, as well as a guided biopsy acquistion. Finally, endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) complements endoscopic and percutaneous approaches and may provide a tissue diagnosis of tumors in the biliary region through fine-needle aspiration. In the future, new techniques allowing for early detection, including molecular markers, should be developed to improve the diagnostic sensitivity in this increasing tumor entity. | Andreas Weber Roland M Schmid Christian Prinz | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，26： | 21 |
| 3 | In vitro activity of moxifloxacin and piperacillin/sulbactam against pathogens of acute cholangitis显示文摘AIM: To analyze the in vitro activity of moxifloxacin and piperacillin/sulbactam against pathogens isolated from patients with acute cholangitis. METHODS: In this prospective study a total of 65 patients with acute cholangitis due to biliary stone obstruction (n = 7), benign biliary stricture (n = 16), and malignant biliary stricture (n = 42) were investigated with regard to spectrum of bacterial infection and antibiotic resistance. Pathogens were isolated from bile cultures in all study patients. In 22 febrile patients, blood cultures were also obtained. In vitro activity of moxifloxacin and piperacillin/ sulbactam was determined by agar diffusion. RESULTS: Thirty-one out of 65 patients had positive bile and/or blood cultures. In 31 patients, 63 isolates with 17 different species were identified. The predominant strains were Enterococcus species (26/63), E.coli (13/63) and Klebsiella species (8/63). A comparable in vitro activity of moxifloxacin and piperacillin/sulbactam was observed for E.coli and Klebsiella species. In contrast, Enterococcus species had higher resistances towards moxifloxacin. Overall bacteria showed antibiotic resistances in vitro of 34.9% for piperacillin/sulbactam and 36.5% for moxifloxacin.CONCLUSION: Enterococcus species , E.coli and Klebsiella species were the most common bacteria isolated from bile and/or blood from patients with acute cholangitis. Overall, a mixed infection with several species was observed, and bacteria showed a comparable in vitro activity for piperacillin/sulbactam and moxifloxacin. | Andreas Weber Wolfgang Huber Klaus Kamereck Philipp Winkle Petra Voland Hans Weidenbach Roland M Schmid Christian Prinz | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，20： | 18 |
| 4 | Endoscopic transpapillary brush cytology and forceps biopsy in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma显示文摘AIM: To evaluate the sensitivity of brush cytology and forceps biopsy in a homogeneous patient group with hilar cholangiocarcinoma.METHODS: Brush cytology and forceps biopsy were routinely performed in patients with suspected malignant biliary strictures. Fifty-eight consecutive patients undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangio-pancreatography (ERCP) including forceps biopsy and brush cytology in patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma between 1995-2005.RESULTS: Positive results for malignancy were obtained in 24/58 patients (41.4%) by brush cytology and in 31/58 patients (53.4%) by forceps biopsy. The combination of both techniques brush cytology and forceps biopsy resulted only in a minor increase in diagnostic sensitivity to 60.3% (35/58 patients). In 20/58 patients (34.5%), diagnosis were obtained by both positive cytology and positive histology, in 11/58 (19%) by positive histology (negative cytology) and only 4/58 patients (6.9%) were confirmed by positive cytology (negative histology).CONCLUSION: Brush cytology and forceps biopsy have only limited sensitivity for the diagnosis of malignant hilar tumors. In our eyes, additional diagnostic techniques should be evaluated and should become routine in patients with negative cytological and histological findings. | Andreas Weber Claus von Weyhern Falko Fend Jochen Schneider Bruno Neu Alexander Meining Hans Weidenbach Roland M Schmid Christian Prinz | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，7： | 17 |
| 5 | Long-term monitoring of PCDD/PCDF and other unintentionally produced POPs-Concepts and case studies from Europe显示文摘During the start-up and unstable combustion periods,even the state-of-the-art incinerators emit polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PCDD/PCDF) in stack gases at concentrations that are up to 1000 times higher than normal operation. Therefore,incinerators and other sources with variation of PCDD/PCDF release into air cannot be reliably monitored by the conventional short-term sampling that covers only 0.1%to 0.2%of the yearly operating time.A more comprehensive monitoring regime is required.This paper describes different applications of continuous PCDD/PCDF sampling in some European countries.The cases demonstrate that flexible regimes for continuous sampling can be crafted and applied by governments or regional/local authorities.Such regimes range from a countrywide,continuous requirement for selected facility types(e.g.,waste incinerators) to a facility-specific regime that applies,for example,to new facilities for a defined time period until the facility has demonstrated continuous compliance with regulatory limits. Countries implementing the Stockholm Convention are suggested to evaluate in their Best available technology/Best environmental practice(BAT/BEP) activities the usefulness of long-term sampling by,for example,designating institutes related to the environmental ministry or regional authorities to supervise long-term sampling regimes at relevant facilities in their country/areas,beginning with priority sources(e.g.,facilities used for destruction of persistent organic pollutants(POPs) or hazardous waste processing) . This paper presents and discusses the results of the AMESA long-term monitoring system having demonstrated that in addition to PCDD/PCDF all other unintentionally produced POPs listed in the Stockholm Convention could be supervised. | REINMANN Jürgen WEBER Roland HAAG Roland | 2010 | Science China Chemistry2010，53，5： | 8 |
| 6 | Occurrence,removal and emission of per-and polyfluorinated alkyl substances(PFASs)from chrome plating industry:A case study in Southeast China显示文摘Per-and polyfluorinated alkyl substances(PFASs)have been used since the 1950s as chrome mist suppressant(CMS)in the electroplating industry.In this study,various samples within an electroplating factory,the related wastewater treatment facilities and surrounding environment at Hangzhou Bay in Southeast China were investigated for the occurrence and removal of PFASs.PFOS and 6:2 Cl-PFAES are predominant compounds in the samples.The PFASs in the bath solution of the workshops had some differences from the final releases,partly because of the historic usage and memory effects.PFOS and 6:2 Cl-PFAES were found in high concentration(5500 and 154.5 mg/L in influent,795 and 985 mg/L in effluent)in the electroplating Wastewater Treatment Plant(WWTP).The ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis(RO)treatment had a significant removal efficiency(74%e100%).On the other hand the reduction,precipitation and anaerobic/anoxic/oxic(A2/O)treatment had poor removal efficiency for PFASs.The receiving river samples had levels of PFASs between 300 and 1500 ng/L,and the concentrations of PFOS and 6:2 Cl-PFAES decreased with increasing distance to the municipal WWTP outlet due to dilution.The concentrations of PFOA in the river water samples were also high but might originate from other sources.The relevant ecological risk is noteworthy,especially for PFOS and PFOA for which limits have been defined.There is an urgent need to control plating industries in China and worldwide.Currently a GEF project related to Stockholm Convention implementation has reduced and possibly eliminated PFOS use and release in the plating industry in China.In addition,it will be important to evaluate and control the alternatives used. | Yingxi Qu Jun Huang Wolfram Willand Roland Weber | 2020 | Emerging Contaminants2020，6，1： | 5 |
| 7 | Chlorinated paraffins in the technosphere:A review of available information and data gaps demonstrating the need to support the Stockholm Convention implementation显示文摘Chlorinated paraffins(CPs)have been produced for a wide range of applications,mostly in open uses,such as metalworking fluids,lubricants,coolants or additives in consumer goods.The production volume is more than one million tonnes requiring control of the lifecycle of these persistent and bioaccumulative chemicals.In May 2017,the Stockholm Convention amended its Annex A to list short chain chlorinated paraffins(SCCPs)as a Persistent Organic Pollutant(POP).Additionally,a limit for the presence of SCCPs in other CP mixtures was set at 1%by weight.CPs can be released to the environment throughout their lifecycle.Therefore,the major objective of this review was to assess and compile information on SCCPs and other CPs regarding their lifecycle in the technosphere to support the Stockholm Convention implementation.A few studies have assessed CP production plants and contamination in the surrounding environments.However,there was no systematic investigation of release routes from production and no assessment of associated landfills,even though these are known major pollution sources at other organochlorine production sites.Some studies have reported that industrial areas,where CPs have likely been used,have elevated levels of CPs in sediments and soil.However,although CPs are largely released when used as metalworking fluids or lubricants,no systematic assessment of releases has been conducted at the thousands of sites where CPs are used in high volumes.Many CPs,mainly medium chain chlorinated paraffins(MCCPs)and SCCPs,are used as additives in the production of consumer goods,resulting in exposure risks.Levels above the European Union regulation for SCCPs of 1500 mg kg^-1 and up to approx.20%are frequently found.The end-of-life management of CP-containing products is difficult since no labelling requirement exists even for products containing SCCPs.The Stockholm Convention prohibits the recycling of SCCP-containing products,which will result in challenges recycling the impacted waste categories.The activities under the Stockholm Convention related to SCCPs,such as the inventory,phase-out,and management of impacted products,provide opportunities to address existing data gaps and challenges.Special attention needs to be given to developing countries with lacking analytical capacity as well as waste management and destruction capacity. | Yago Guida Raquel Capella Roland Weber | 2020 | Emerging Contaminants2020，6，1： | 4 |
| 8 | Bcl-x_L and Myeloid cell leukaemia-1 contribute to apoptosis resistance of colorectal cancer cells显示文摘AIM: To explore the role of Bcl-xL and Myeloid cell leukaemia (Mcl)-1 for the apoptosis resistance of colorectal carcinoma (CRC) cells towards current treat-ment modalities. METHODS: Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 mRNA and protein ex-pression were analyzed in CRC cell lines as well as human CRC tissue by Western blot,quantitative PCRand immunohistochemistry. Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 protein expression was knocked down or increased in CRC cell lines by applying specific siRNAs or expression plas-mids,respectively. After modulation of protein expres-sion,CRC cells were treated with chemotherapeutic agents,an antagonistic epidermal growth factor recep-tor (EGFR1) antibody,an EGFR1 tyrosine kinase inhibi-tor,or with the death receptor ligand TRAIL. Apoptosis induction and cell viability were analyzed. RESULTS: Here we show that in human CRC tis-sue and various CRC cell lines both Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 are expressed. Bcl-xL expression was higher in CRC tissue than in surrounding non-malignant tissue,both on protein and mRNA level. Mcl-1 mRNA expression was significantly lower in ma-lignant tissues. However,protein expression was slightly higher. Viability rates of CRC cells were significantly decreased after knock down of Bcl-xL expression,and,to a lower extent,after knock down of Mcl-1 expression. Furthermore,cells with reduced Bcl-xL or Mcl-1 expression was more sensitive towards oxaliplatin-and irinotecan-induced apoptosis,and in the case of Bcl-xL also towards 5-FU-induced apoptosis. On the other hand,upregulation of Bcl-xL by transfec-tion of an expression plasmid decreased chemothera-peutic drug-induced apoptosis. EGF treatment clearly induced Bcl-xL and Mcl-1 expression in CRC cells. Apop-tosis induction upon EGFR1 blockage by cetuximab or PD168393 was increased by inhibiting Mcl-1 and Bcl-xL expression. More strikingly,CD95-and TRAIL-induced apoptosis was increased by Bcl-xL knock down. CONCLUSION: Our data suggest that Bcl-xL and,to a lower extent,Mcl-1,are important anti-apoptotic factors in CRC. Specific downregulation of Bcl-xL is a promising approach to sensitize CRC cells towards chemotherapy and targeted therapy. | Henning Schulze-Bergkamen Roland Ehrenberg Lothar Hickmann Binje Vick Toni Urbanik Christoph C Schimanski Martin R Berger Arno Schad Achim Weber Steffen Heeger Peter R Galle Markus Moehler | 2008 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2008，14，24： | 4 |
| 9 | European cooperation to tackle the legacies of hexachlorocyclohexane(HCH)and lindane显示文摘Hexachlorocyclohexane(HCH)waste isomers from lindane production are the largest single POPs legacy,with an estimated 4.8 to 7.4 million tonnes of disposed waste.The largest part of this waste e 1.8 to 3 million tonnes e was disposed in Europe,where most producers were located.This paper provides a short overview of projects supported by the European Union(EU)to address this waste legacy and to implement the Stockholm Convention for this group of POPs with associated protection of soil,ecosystems and human health.We report here particularly on the results of a project financed by the EU called the“HCH in EU project”,which aimed to develop a systematic inventory of sites where HCH was handled and potentially resulted in contamination.The compiled information provide guidance for competent authorities to further assess their national HCH inventory and to further develop a strategy to address this large POP legacy in future.The systematic inventory revealed that there were at least 299 sites where HCH was handled.These sites include 54 former production sites,76 pesticide processing plants that used lindane,59 uncontrolled HCH waste isomer deposits,29 landfills with HCH waste,34 former or current storage sites for stocks of obsolete pesticides including technical HCH or lindane,and 16 HCH treatment or disposal sites.Additionally,at 31 of the sites lindane/technical HCH was used in applications with significant risk of soil pollution,such as wood treatment.The number of sites in this latter category is likely higher and will need further assessment.In addition to this inventory,the“HCH in EU project”produced detailed country reports,a guidance document for how to find potentially HCHimpacted sites,and a strategy document for implementing the sustainable management of these sites EU-wide,with proposed actions at the EU,country,and site level.Furthermore,the project has facilitated information exchange and e together with other related EU projects e has led to sharing information and best practices among member states and to establishing a network of authorities and other stakeholders working on the lindane/HCH waste legacy.This collaboration will facilitate a more systematic and better coordinated process to further assess,secure,and remediate the large HCH waste legacy and reduce and control lindane/HCH releases in the EU and possibly beyond.Such a coordinated effort and exchange of information for inventorying and managing contaminated sites might also be useful for other POPs such as PFOS/PFOA or dioxins. | John Vijgen Boudewijn Fokke Guido van de Coterlet Katja Amstaetter Javier Sancho Carlo Bensaïah Roland Weber | 2022 | Emerging Contaminants2022，8，1： | 4 |
| 10 | Comprehensive monitoring of chlorinated aromatic and heteroaromatic pollutants at sites contaminated by chlorine production processes to inform policy making显示文摘The production of chlorine by the chlor-alkali process using graphite electrodes was one of the largest sources of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PCDD/PCDFs)in history with estimates in the kg TEQ range for individual factories.In addition,the chlorine production predecessor processes in the former Leblanc soda factories generated large amounts of PCDD/PCDFs,also in kg TEQ range for individual sites.In both processes coal tar,used as pitch binder for electrodes in the chlor-alkali process or tars for sealing chlorine chambers,was the major source for PCDD/PCDFs formation.The complex PAH mixture in the tars which were chlorinated in the processes contained approx.1%dibenzofuran.Therefore in this study we screened the full range of chlorinated aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds in contaminated soils from former chlor-alkali plants in Germany and Japan as well as from a German Leblanc factory,using high resolution time-of-flight mass spectrometry GC-HR-TOF-MS.At all three sites the full range of unintentionally produced persistent organic pollutants(POPs)listed in the Stockholm Convention(PCDFs,PCDDs,PCBs,PCNs,HCB,HCBD and PeCBz)were present at high ppb levels and TEQ was up to several 100,000 ng/kg soil in hot spot areas.Additionally,a wide range of other polychlorinated(PC-)PAHs(PC-phenanthrene/anthracene,PC-pyrene/fluoranthene,PC-benzo(a)anthracene/chrysene)were detected.Some of these compound classes were present in one to two order of magnitude higher concentrations compared to PCDFs.Furthermore,polychlorinated methyldibenzofurans,polychlorinated dimethyl-/ethyl-dibenzofurans,and polychlorinated carbazoles e the N-analogue of dibenzofuran-were detected at levels comparable to PCDFs at all three sites.Polychlorinated benzonitriles were detected in addition to chlorobenzenes as monoaromatic pollutant.Since all three factories have stopped production 50e120 years ago,all detected chlorinated aromatics can be regarded as very persistent.The technologies have been used in several hundred locations globally.These(former)chlorine production sites should be assessed for contamination and their contemporary threat to humans and the environment should be evaluated.The toxicity of most of these polychlorinated PAHs and hetero-PAHs is unknown but due to their related structures,similar toxicity profiles can be expected and need to be investigated.Furthermore,all processes where chlorine and complex organic material are present should be screened for the entire resulting chlorinated pollutant mixture,the detailed fingerprints should be documented,and the overall toxicological risk assessed for individual processes to inform policy making. | Takumi Takasuga Hiroaki Takemori Teru Yamamoto Kazuo Higashino Yuko Sasaki Roland Weber | 2020 | Emerging Contaminants2020，6，1： | 4 |
| 11 | Complications of percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage in patients with dilated and nondilated intrahepatic bile ducts显示文摘 | Andreas Weber Jochen Gaa Bogdan Rosca Peter Born Bruno Neu Roland M. Schmid Christian Prinz | 2008 | European Journal of Radiology2008，，3： | 3 |
| 12 | Disposal of waste-based fuels and raw materials in cement plants in Germany and Switzerland e What can be learned for global coincineration practice and policy?显示文摘The limit value for emissions of total organic carbon(TOC)for incinerators in the European Union(EU)is 10 mg/m3.However,clinker burning is a material conversion process during which TOC emissions from the fuels occur concurrently with the thermal decomposition of organic material from the raw material mixture(limestone,marl,shale,etc.)in the preheater,which alone can emit more than 10 mg/m3.Therefore,the German legislature has created an exemption that allows authorities to set higher limit values for cement kilns if the cause of the higher emissions is the natural raw material mixture and not the co-incinerated waste.Separating the effects requires a test to determine the baseline emission of the natural raw material or waste raw material.Up until now,these tests were only used internally by companies.By applying such tests,the emissions from the fuels,particularly from waste-based fuels,can be determined,restricted and controlled.TOC emissions from natural materials cannot be avoided.In Switzerland and Germany these emissions are on average around 20e35 mg/m3.Switzerland has recently set a high TOC limit value of 80 mg/m3 for cement kilns,independent of the source of organic emissions,and even allows the use of polychlorinated biphenyl(PCB)contaminated soils as raw material(up to 10 mg/kg).This limit is too high and can result in unnecessary emissions of carcinogenic benzene,PCBs and other pollutants.Both the natural raw materials and waste raw materials emit organic carbon.However,there is one major difference.The natural raw materials emit mostly aliphatic compounds at temperatures up to about 600C,whereas the organic compounds originating from waste-based raw material components can include hazardous pollutants like polychlorinated biphenyls(PCBs)and other persistent organic pollutants(POPs),which desorb in the preheater and are released into the environment.Therefore,waste raw materials such as soils contaminated with POPs or other semivolatile toxic chemicals cannot be introduced via the raw mill-(leading to desorption in the preheater)but need to be fed in the kiln inlet.Cement kilns treating POPs or raw materials with problematic semivolatile organics need strict control and possibly continuous monitoring for dioxins and other POPs. | Josef Waltisberg Roland Weber | 2020 | Emerging Contaminants2020，6，1： | 3 |
| 13 | Inventory and action plan for PFOS and related substances in Suriname as basis for Stockholm Convention implementation显示文摘Within the framework of the Stockholm Convention implementation in Suriname,the first inventory of perfluorooctane sulfonic acid(PFOS)has been developed.The major stocks of PFOS are firefighting foams with minor stocks in pesticides(ant baits)and possibly carpets.The inventory of firefighting foams assessed the import,current stocks and major use sites and recent releases.Considerable amount of PFOS and potentially PFOS containing firefighting foams are stored at the military base,the oil company and small firefighting departments throughout the country.The total amount of stored PFAS firefighting foam in Suriname is estimated to be at least 275.6 tonnes,where the major stockpile of 206 tonnes is at the oil storage facilities.For some of these foams PFOS content is confirmed and for others it is not clear if the foam contains PFOS or other per-or polyfluorinated alkylated substances(PFAS).The upper estimate of PFOS content is 4133 kg in these foams.Additionally,PFOS or other PFAS has also been discovered in fire extinguishers in institutions.The total amount of PFOS related substance EtFOSA imported with the pesticide sulfluramid was 75 kg.The imports were banned in 2014 and is controlled.A considerable amount of synthetic carpets are in stores even produced before 2003 where main use of PFOS from 3 M took place possibly containing PFOS related substances.A compilation of potentially PFOS contaminated sites has been made.Potentially contaminated sites result from firefighting foam use,dumpsites and sulfluramid use.The airport where firefighting foam was applied is above a major drinking water reservoir,where an urgent assessment is needed.Due to the lack of analytical capacity for PFOS and precursors,drinking water,firefighting foam or impacted carpets,could not been analysed.An action plan for the control of PFOS and other PFAS has been developed considering the synergy of the Stockholm Convention and the Strategic Approach to International Chemicals Management(SAICM)addressing this emerging pollution issue for developing countries. | Victorine Pinas Carmen Van Dijk Roland Weber | 2020 | Emerging Contaminants2020，6，1： | 3 |
| 14 | Flammability standards for furniture,building insulation and electronics:Benefit and risk显示文摘Flammability standards for furniture,building insulation and electronics were established in an attempt to mitigate fire risk.However,research suggests that some of these flammability standards should be reconsidered.High levels of flame retardant chemicals,primarily organohalogens,are added to these products in order to comply with fire safety standards.Organohalogen and organophosphate flame retardants are associated with adverse health effects such as diminished immune function,endocrine disruption,and cancer.Further,flame retardants may not provide a significant fire safety benefit as used in many products,and these chemicals can hinder material recycling.We reviewed evidence of how flammability standards drive the continued use of harmful flame retardants and investigated cases in which flame retardants are used to achieve standard compliance without providing a significant fire safety benefit.The widespread continuous use of toxic flame retardant chemicals demonstrates that toxicological evidence and chemical-by-chemical regulation alone are not sufficient to prevent their inclusion in consumer products.However,recent experiences show that updated flammability standards can reduce the use of flame retardants while maintaining,or even increasing,fire safety.Additional opportunities exist for improved standards that could further decrease flame retardant use and maintain fire safety. | Joseph A.Charbonnet Roland Weber Arlene Blum | 2020 | Emerging Contaminants2020，6，1： | 3 |
| 15 | State of art control of dioxins/unintentional POPs in the secondary copper industry: A review to assist policy making with the implementation of the Stockholm Convention显示文摘Article 5 of the Stockholm Convention requires that each Party shall take measures to reduce the releases from anthropogenic sources of unintentional persistent organic pollutants(UPOPs),with the goal of their continuing minimization and,where feasible,their ultimate elimination.A major source of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans(PCDD/Fs)and other unintentional POPs releases,both in China and worldwide,is the metal industry in particular secondary metal industries such as copper smelting.More than 50%of the global secondary copper production is now in China and high levels of PCDD/Fs are released from these operations with the national inventory of China reporting a total of 1133.8 g toxic equivalents(TEQ)yr1.Consequently the Global Environment Facility(GEF)is supporting the project‘UPOPs Reduction through best available techniques and best environmental practices(BAT/BEP)in the secondary copper production sector’in China compromising>50%of the global secondary copper production.As part of this project,information on relevant UPOPs from the metal industry have been reviewed and is presented here.This information should also be useful for other(developing)countries for controlling UPOPs releases from metal industries.This review and the information it contains provides a robust resource for policy makers,the industry and researchers to improve secondary copper production to BAT/BEP standards in relation to the reduction of PCDD/Fs and other UPOPs release.The contents include the details required to assist the understanding of the formation of chlorinated UPOPs along with their brominated and brominated-chlorinated analogues.It reviews the international sources of information on BAT/BEP,including the integrated approach considered in the European BAT Reference document,and shows how this can be used to achieve an overall reduction of pollutant releases from the industry.The current national standards of PCDD/F limits to air,water and solid residues have been compiled and are also included.Challenges which need to be addressed,such as the current international lack to consider brominated and mixed bromo-chloro PXDD/Fs which might be more environmentally significant than PCDD/Fs in some facilities e are also discussed.The study includes a brief description of the steps China has taken to change the national regulatory framework and to improve the sustainability of its secondary metal industry.The Stockholm Convention BAT/BEP guidelines recommend consideration of integrated pollution prevention and control and sustainable production as general principles which parties may incorporate when applying the BAT/BEP guidelines and guidance.This holistic approach is considered in the current project and in the improvement of the pilot facilities and will also be considered in the replication of experiences in other facilities.Using this approach ensures the implementation of the Stockholm Convention can contribute to integrated pollution prevention and control,the development of a circular economy and consequently to genuinely sustainable development thus contributing to different sustainable development goals(SDGs).It is hoped this approach will be adopted in other developing and transition economies and thus help to achieve improvements of the secondary metal industry globally. | Guanglong Wu Roland Weber Yong Ren Zheng Peng Alan Watson Jiahong Xie | 2020 | Emerging Contaminants2020，6，1： | 2 |
| 16 | Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)concentrations in soil,sediment and water samples around electronic wastes dumpsites in Lagos,Nigeria显示文摘Polybrominated diphenyl ethers(PBDEs)were listed in the Stockholm Convention as POPs because of their bio-accumulative,long-range and toxicity characteristics.Therefore,these should be managed and assessed by Parties of the convention in an environmentally sound manner.This present study assessed the status of PBDEs contamination at e-waste dumpsites in Lagos,Nigeria.Soil and sediment samples were collected from 3 e-waste dumpsites and water samples were collected from rain water ponds located within the e-waste dumpsites vicinities and control sites over a period of two years.The concentrations of ∑7PBDEs in soils from the e-waste dumpsites at 0e15 cm depth for the first and second year ranged from 141 to 302 ngg^(-1)dry weight,respectively while that of the control soils was 13.2 e27.2ngg^(-1)dry weight.These high concentrations may be attributed to the fact that open burning of electronic waste was the regular method of reducing the volume of e-waste at the sites.PBDE levels across the soil profile from 0 to 45 cm depth showed a gradual increase in PBDEs accumulation in the topsoil and migration into the sub-soil over the period of 2 years,but with no significant difference(pvalue=0.89).Sediments and water from the rain water ponds around the dumpsites were found to be contaminated by PBDEs with levels ranging from 51.4 to 85.8ngg^(-1)and 14.4 to 27.4ngg^(-1),respectively,while levels in control for sediment and water are 11.5ngg^(-1)and 2.43ngg^(-1)respectively.These,however indicates that there was significance difference between the PBDEs levels in water and sediment from the study sites with those of their respective controls(p-value for water was 0.01,while that for sediment was 0.03).The levels of PBDEs in this study sites were higher than those of the respective control.The range of PBDEs in e-waste dumpsites was comparable to those reported in USA and Europe but lower than those from China.Environmental samples from the e-waste dumpsites in Lagos were contaminated with PBDEs,there is therefore the need for proper disposal methods for end-of-life products especially those containing PBDEs in Nigeria. | Oloruntoba Kike Omotayo Sindiku Oladele Osibanjo Roland Weber | 2022 | Emerging Contaminants2022，8，1： | 2 |
| 17 | Monitoring dioxins and PCBs in eggs as sensitive indicators for environmental pollution and global contaminated sites and recommendations for reducing and controlling releases and exposure显示文摘This review compiles information on PCDD/F-and PCB-contaminated eggs from 20 years of global egg monitoring around emission sources in four continents conducted by the International Pollutants Elimination Network(IPEN)and Arnika as well as a compilation of data from scientific literature.IPEN monitored 127 pooled egg samples including samples from 113 chicken flocks at potential PCDD/F-and PCB-contaminated sites around priority sources listed in the Stockholm Convention(e.g.waste incinerators,metal industries,cement plants,and open burning).99(88%)of pooled egg samples were above the EU maximum limits for PCDD/Fs(2.5 pg PCDD/F-TEQ/g fat)or the sum of PCDD/Fs and dioxinlike PCBs(5 pg PCDD/F-PCB-TEQ/g fat).Children consuming such eggs exceed the tolerable weekly intake(TWI).This demonstrates that close to 90%of these areas were not safe for the production of free-range eggs.Sixteen out of the 113 egg samples(14%)were contaminated above 50 pg TEQ/g fat and exceeded the EU maximum limit more than 10 times.From the 26 pooled egg samples around incinerators 24(92%)exceeded the limit with a mean of 43.1 pg TEQ/g fat(2.6e234 pg TEQ/g).All 21 egg samples around metal industries(4.4e112.6 pg TEQ/g fat)were above limits with mean concentration of 26.0 pg TEQ/g fat.Also all 7 egg samples measured at e-waste recycling sites were above limits(mean 308 pg TEQ/g fat).In 58(51%)pooled egg samples the PCB-TEQ was above 5 pg TEQ/g fat exceeding the EU maximum limit with dioxin-like PCBs alone.This highlights the role of commercial PCBs for global contamination with dioxin-like compounds.It was discovered that around metal industries,shredder plants,open burning sites of e-waste and dump sites,a high share of contamination was caused by dl-PCBs.This clearly shows severe PCB release from the end-of-life management of PCB-containing equipment in developing countries.Also highly contaminated eggs were found at many sites where plastic was incinerated.The highest contaminated egg sample ever measured came from an e-waste site in Ghana and had 856 pg TEQ/g fat plus 300 pg TEQ from brominated dioxins(PBDD/Fs).Other extreme PCDD/F contaminations of eggs were found at a chlor-alkali site(514 pg TEQ/g fat),Agent Orange contaminated areas in Vietnam(490,249 and 246 pg TEQ/g fat)and e-waste sites(568 and 520 pg TEQ/g fat).Where DR CALUX®bioassay revealed higher TEQ compared to measured PCDD/F-PCB-TEQ in IPEN studies,polybrominated PBDD/F were also measured and detected up to 300 pg TEQ/g fat at e-waste sites.One positive outcome from the IPEN studies is that all 10 pooled supermarket eggs in developing countries were below regulatory limit.Policy recommendations are made including:a systematic assessment of areas around PCDD/Fs and PCBs sources;measures for reduction of exposures of populations;urgent control of emission sources including PCB equipment,the open burning of plastic,and the use of plastic as fuel in boilers/incinerators in developing countries without air pollution control.Furthermore,soil limits need to be re-assessed and lowered for free-range poultry. | Jindrich Petrlik Lee Bell Joe DiGangi Serge Molly Allo'o Allo'o Gilbert Kuepouo Griffins Ochieng Ochola Valeriya Grechko Nikola Jelinek Jitka Strakova Martin Skalsky Yuyun Ismawati Drwiega Jonathan N.Hogarh Eric Akortia Sam Adu-Kumi Akarapon Teebthaisong Maria Carcamo Bjorn Beeler Peter Behnisch Claudia Baitinger Christine Herold Roland Weber | 2022 | Emerging Contaminants2022，8，1： | 2 |
| 18 | 3-Hydroxypropionic acid as a nematicidal principle in endophytic fungi显示文摘 | Michael Schwarz Barbel Kopcke Roland W S Weber | 2004 | Phytochemistry2004，65，： | 1 |
| 19 | Low temperature decomposition of PCB by Ti O2-based V2O5/WO3catalyst:evaluation of the relevance of PCDF formation and insights into the first step of oxidative destruction of chlorinated aromatics显示文摘 | Roland Weber Takeshi Sakurai | 2001 | Applied Catalysis B:Environmental2001，34，： | 1 |
| 20 | 3D Reconstructions of the Cerebral Ventricles and Volume Quantification in Children with Brain Malformations显示文摘 | Frederik L. Giesel Anthony R. Hart Horst K. Hahn Emma Wignall Fabian Rengier Roland Talanow Iain D. Wilkinson Christian M. Zechmann Marc-Andrè Weber H.U. Kauczor Marco Essig Paul D. Griffiths | 2009 | Academic Radiology2009，，5： | 1 |
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