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| 1 | Comparative study of the transfection efficiency of commonly used viral vectors in rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) brains显示文摘Viral vector transfection systems are among the simplest of biological agents with the ability to transfer genes into the central nervous system.In brain research,a series of powerful and novel gene editing technologies are based on these systems.Although many viral vectors are used in rodents,their full application has been limited in non-human primates.To identify viral vectors that can stably and effectively express exogenous genes within nonhuman primates,eleven commonly used recombinant adeno-associated viral and lentiviral vectors,each carrying a gene to express green or red fluorescence,were injected into the parietal cortex of four rhesus monkeys.The expression of fluorescent cells was used to quantify transfection efficiency.Histological results revealed that recombinant adeno-associated viral vectors,especially the serotype 2/9 coupled with the cytomegalovirus,human synapsin I,or Ca2+/calmodulin-dependentproteinkinaseII promoters,and lentiviral vector coupled with the human ubiquitin C promoter,induced higher expression of fluorescent cells,representing high transfection efficiency.This is the first comparison of transfection efficiencies of different viral vectors carrying different promoters and serotypes in non-human primates(NHPs).These results can be used as an aid to select optimal vectors to transfer exogenous genes into the central nervous system of non-human primates. | Shi-Hao Wu Zhi-Xing Liao Joshua D. Rizak Na Zheng Lin-Heng Zhang Hen Tang Xiao-Bin He Yang Wu Xia-Ping He Mei-Feng Yang Zheng-Hui Li Dong-Dong Qin Xin-Tian Hu | 2017 | Zoological Research2017，38，2： | 7 |
| 2 | A natural model of behavioral depression in postpartum adult female cynomolgus monkeys (Macaca fascicularis)显示文摘Within the postpartum period, both mothers and infants are susceptible; but because PPD typically occurs for short durations and has moderate symptoms, there exists challenges in exploring and addressing the underlying cause of the depression. This fact highlights the need for relevant animal models. In the present study, postpartum adult female cynomolgus monkeys(Macaca fascicularis) living in breeding groups were observed for typical depressive behavior. The huddle posture behavior was utilized as an indicator of behavioral depression postpartum(BDP) as it has been established as the core depressive-like behavior in primates. Monkeys were divided into two groups: A BDP group(n=6), which were found to spend more time huddling over the first two weeks postpartum than other individuals that formed a non-depression control group(n=4). The two groups were then further analyzed for locomotive activity, stressful events, hair cortisol levels and for maternal interactive behaviors. No differences were found between the BDP and control groups in locomotive activity, in the frequencies of stressful events experienced and in hair cortisol levels. These findings suggested that the postpartum depression witnessed in the monkeys was not related to external factors other than puerperium period. Interestingly, the BDP monkeys displayed an abnormal maternal relationship consisting of increased infant grooming. Taken together, these findings suggest that the adult female cynomolgus monkeys provide a natural model of behavioral postpartum depression that holds a number of advantages over commonly used rodent systems in PPD modeling. The cynomolgus monkeys have a highly-organized social hierarchy and reproductive characteristics without seasonal restriction—similar to humans—as well as much greater homology to humans than rodents. As such, this model may provide a greater translational efficiency and research platform for systematically investigating the etiology, treatment, prevention of PPD. | Xun-Xun CHU Joshua Dominic Rizak Shang-Chuan YANG Jian-Hong WANG Yuan-Ye MA Xin-Tian HU | 2014 | Zoological Research2014，35，3： | 4 |
| 3 | Combined action of MK-801 and ceftriaxone impairs the acquisition and reinstatement of morphine-induced conditioned place preference,and delays morphine extinction in rats显示文摘Objective It is well established that glutamate and its receptors, particularly the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR), play a significant role in addiction and that the inhibition of glutamatergic hyperfunction reduces addictive behaviors in experimental animals. Specifically, NMDAR antagonists such as MK-801, and an inducer of the expression of glutamate transporter subtype-1 (GLT-1) (ceftriaxone) are known to inhibit addictive behavior. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the combined action of a low dose of MK-801 and a low dose of ceftriaxone provides better inhibition of the acquisition, extinction, and reinstatement of morphine-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) than either compound alone. Methods A morphine-paired CPP experiment was used to study the effects of low doses of MK-801, ceftriaxone and a combination of both on reward-related memory (acquisition, extinction, and reinstatement of morphine preference) in rats. Results A low dose of neither MK-801 (0.05 mg/kg, i.p.) nor ceftriaxone (25 mg/kg, i.p.) alone effectively impaired CPP behaviors. However, when applied in combination, they reduced the acquisition of morphine-induced CPP and completely prevented morphine reinstatement. Their combination also notably impaired the extinction of morphine-induced CPP. Conclusion The combined action of a low dose of an NMDAR antagonist (MK-801) and GLT-1 activation by ceftriaxone effectively changed different phases of CPP behavior. | Yaodong Fan Haichen Niu Joshua D. Rizak Ling Li Guimei Wang Liqi Xu He Ren Hao Lei Hualin Yu | 2012 | Neuroscience Bulletin2012，28，5： | 2 |
| 4 | 鸟类利用地磁场定向的机制(英文)显示文摘地磁场和生物体间的相互作用关系是一个很有趣的未解之迷。虽然对地磁场的生物学作用至今还知之不多,不过近来有关鸟类利用地磁场信息定向的研究取得了较大的进展。很多鸟类能够对地磁场和外加磁场信息做出反应,这些反应可能通过磁场?生物化学过程介导。对此,目前有两种被广为接受的解释,一种认为在鸟喙上方存在一个磁场信息感受器,另一种认为通过视觉成像系统感受磁场信息。另外,最近研究发现磁场信息的感知分析功能有明显的单侧优势特征。虽然目前有关鸟类利用磁场信息定向的研究取得了很多进展,但是要想解释并利用鸟类的磁场定向功能还有很多工作要做。本文结合最近的研究发现对这一有趣的问题进行了综述。 | Joshua Dominic Rizak 车轶 | 2009 | Zoological Research2009，30，2： | 1 |
| 5 | Alzheimer's Disease and Methanol Toxicity (Part 2): Lessons from Four Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta) Chronically Fed Methanol显示文摘 | Meifeng Yang Junye Miao Joshua Rizak Rongwei Zhai Zhengbo Wang Tanzeel Huma Ting Li Na Zheng Shihao Wu Yingwei Zheng Xiaona Fan Jianzhen Yang Jianhong Wang Shangchuan Yang Yuanye Ma Longbao Lü Rongqiao He Xintian Hu | 2014 | Journal of Alzheimer's Disease2014，，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Chronic treatment with the mood-sta- bilizing drug lithium up-regulates nuclear factor E2-related factor 2 in rat pheochromocytoma PC 12 cells in vitro 显示文摘 | Rizak J Tan H Zhu H | 2014 | Neuroscience2014，256，： | 1 |
| 7 | Alzheimer′s disease and methanol toxicity(part 2):lessons from four rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta)chronically fed methanol显示文摘 | Yang M Miao J Rizak J | 2014 | J Alzheimers Dis2014，41，4： | 1 |
| 8 | Interactive effects of morphine and dopaminergic compounds on spatial working memory in rhesus monkeys显示文摘Opiates and dopamine (DA) play key roles in learning and memory in humans and animals. Although interactions between these neurotransmitters have been found, their functional roles remain to be fully elucidated, and their dysfunction may contribute to human diseases and addiction. Here we investigated the interactions of morphine and dopaminergic neurotransmitter systems with respect to learning and memory in rhesus monkeys by using the Wisconsin General Test Apparatus (WGTA) delayed-response task. Morphine and DA agonists (SKF-38393, apomorphine and bromocriptine) or DA antagonists (SKF-83566, haloperidol and sulpiride) were co-administered to the monkeys 30 min prior to the task. We found that dose-patterned co-administration of morphine with D1 or D2 antagonists or agonists reversed the impaired spatial working memory induced by morphine or the compounds alone. For example, morphine at 0.01 mg/kg impaired spatial working memory, while morphine (0.01 mg/kg) and apomorphine (0.01 or 0.06 mg/kg) co-treatment ameliorated this effect. Our findings suggest that the interactions between morphine and dopaminergic compounds influence spatial working memory in rhesus monkeys. A better understanding of these interactive relationships may provide insights into human addiction. | Jian-Hong Wang Joshua Dominie Rizak Yan-Mei Chen Liang Li Xin-Tian Hu Yuan-Ye Ma | 2013 | Neuroscience Bulletin2013，29，1： | 0 |
| 9 | Social rank and cortisol among female rhesus macaques(Macaca mulatta)显示文摘In animal societies,some stressful events can lead to higher levels of physiological stress.Such stressors,like social rank,also predict an increased vulnerability to an array of diseases.However,the physiological relationship between social rank and stress varies between different species,as well as within groups of a single species.For example,dominant individuals are more socially stressed at times,while at other times it is the subordinate ones who experience this stress.Together,these variations make it difficult to assess disease vulnerability as connected to social interactions.In order to learn more about how physiological rank relationships vary between groups of a single species,cortisol measurements from hair samples were used to evaluate the effects of dominance rank on long-term stress levels in despotic and less stringent female rhesus macaque hierarchal groups.In despotic groups,cortisol levels were found not to be correlated with social rank,but a negative correlation was found between social rank and cortisol levels in less stringent hierarchies.Low ranking monkeys in less stringent groups secreted elevated levels of cortisol compared to higher ranking animals.These data suggest that variations in the strictness of the dominance hierarchy are determining factors in rank related stress physiology.The further consideration of nonhuman primate social system diversity and the linear degree of their hierarchies may allow for the development of valid rank-related stress models that will help increase our understanding and guide the development of new therapeutics for diseases related to human socioeconomic status. | Dong-Dong QIN Joshua Dominic Rizak Xiao-Li FENG Xun-Xun CHU Shang-Chuan YANG Chun-Lu LI Long-Bao LV Yuan-Ye MA Xin-Tian HU | 2013 | Zoological Research2013，34，S02： | 0 |
| 10 | Social rank and cortisol among female rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)显示文摘In animal societies, some stressful events can lead to higher levels of physiological stress. Such stressors, like social rank, also predict an increased vulnerability to an array of diseases. However, the physiological relationship between social rank and stress varies between different species, as well as within groups of a single species. For example, dominant individuals are more socially stressed at times, while at other times it is the subordinate ones who experience this stress. Together, these variations make it difficult to assess disease vulnerability as connected to social interactions. In order to learn more about how physiological rank relationships vary between groups of a single species, cortisol measurements from hair samples were used to evaluate the effects of dominance rank on long-term stress levels in despotic and less stringent female rhesus macaque hierarchal groups. In despotic groups, cortisol levels were found not to be correlated with social rank, but a negative correlation was found between social rank and cortisol levels in less stringent hierarchies. Low ranking monkeys in less stringent groups secreted elevated levels of cortisol compared to higher ranking animals. These data suggest that variations in the strictness of the dominance hierarchy are determining factors in rank related stress physiology. The further consideration of nonhuman primate social system diversity and the linear degree of their hierarchies may allow for the development of valid rank-related stress models that will help increase our understanding and guide the development of new therapeutics for diseases related to human socioeconomic status. | Dong-Dong QIN Joshua Dominic Rizak Xiao-Li FENG Xun-Xun CHU Shang-Chuan YANG Chun-Lu LI Long-Bao LV Yuan-Ye MA Xin-Tian HU | 2013 | Zoological Research2013，34，2： | 0 |
| 11 | 移植神经干细胞分化的神经元功能性整合到清醒猕猴听觉回路显示文摘长期以来,中枢神经系统的损伤后再生与修复一直是神经科学领域的难题与科学家们研究的焦点。神经干细胞的概念出现后,具有多向分化潜能的干细胞拥有分化成神经元、替代死亡的神经元,恢复受损神经网络功能的潜能,并因此成为神经退行性疾病和脑损伤替代治疗研究的热点。 | Jing-kuan Wei Wen-chao Wang Rong-wei Zhai Yu-hua Zhang Shang-chuan Yang Joshua Rizak Ling Li Li-qi Xu Li Liu Ming-ke Pan Ying-zhou Hu Abdelaziz Ghanemi Jing Wu Li-chuan Yang Hao Li Long-bao Lv Jia-li Li Yong-gang Yao Lin Xu Xiao-li Feng Yong Yin Dong-dong Qin 胡新天 王正波 | 2017 | 科学新闻2017，19，4： | 0 |
| 12 | What interests them in the pictures? — Differences in eyetracking between rhesus monkeys and humans显示文摘Studies estimating eye movements have demonstrated that non-human primates have fixation patterns similar to humans at the first sight of a picture.In the current study,three sets of pictures containing monkeys,humans or both were presented to rhesus monkeys and humans.The eye movements on these pictures by the two species were recorded using a Tobii eye-tracking system.We found that monkeys paid more attention to the head and body in pictures containing monkeys,whereas both monkeys and humans paid more attention to the head in pictures containing humans.The humans always concentrated on the eyes and head in all the pictures,indicating the social role of facial cues in society.Although humans paid more attention to the hands than monkeys,both monkeys and humans were interested in the hands and what was being done with them in the pictures.This may suggest the importance and necessity of hands for survival.Finally,monkeys scored lower in eye-tracking when fixating on the pictures,as if they were less interested in looking at the screen than humans.The locations of fixation in monkeys may provide insight into the role of eye movements in an evolutionary context. | Ying-Zhou Hu Hui-Hui Jiang Ci-Rong Liu Jian-Hong Wang Cheng-Yang Yu Synnve Carlson Shang-Chuan Yang Veli-Matti Saarinen Joshua D Rizak Xiao-Guang Tian Hen Tan Zhu-Yue Chen Yuan-Ye Ma Xin-Tian Hu | 2013 | Neuroscience Bulletin2013，29，5： | 0 |
| 13 | Feature-reduction and semi-simulated data in functional connectivity-based cortical parcellation显示文摘Recently, resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging has been used to parcellate the brain into functionally distinct regions based on the information available in functional connectivity maps. However, brain voxels are not independent units and adjacent voxels are always highly correlated, so functional connectivity maps contain redundant information, which not only impairs the computational efficiency during clustering, but also reduces the accuracy of clustering results. The aim of this study was to propose feature-reduction approaches to reduce the redundancy and to develop semisimulated data with defined ground truth to evaluate these approaches. We proposed a feature-reduction approach based on the Affinity Propagation Algorithm (APA) and compared it with the classic featurereduction approach based on Principal Component Analysis (PCA). We tested the two approaches to the parcellation of both semisimulated and real seed regions using the K-means algorithm and designed two experiments to evaluate their noiseresistance. We found that all functional connectivity maps (with/without feature reduction) provided correct information for the parcellation of the semisimulated seed region and the computational efficiency was greatly improved by both featurereduction approaches. Meanwhile, the APA-based feature-reduction approach outperformed the PCAbased approach in noise-resistance. The results suggested that functional connectivity maps can provide correct information for cortical parcellation, and feature-reduction does not significantly change the information. Considering the improvement in computational efficiency and the noise-resistance, feature-reduction of functional connectivity maps before cortical parcellation is both feasible and necessary. | Xiaoguang Tian Cirong Liu Tianzi Jiang Joshua Rizak Yuanye Ma Xintian Hu | 2013 | Neuroscience Bulletin2013，29，3： | 0 |
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