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| 1 | Controversies in fluid therapy: Type, dose and toxicity显示文摘Fluid therapy is perhaps the most common intervention received by acutely ill hospitalized patients; however, a number of critical questions on the efficacy and safety of the type and dose remain. In this review, recent insights derived from randomized trials in terms of fluid type, dose and toxicity are discussed. We contend that the prescription of fluid therapy is context-specific and that any fluid can be harmful if administered inappropriately. When contrasting ‘‘crystalloid vs colloid'', differences in efficacy are modest but differences in safety are significant. Differences in chloride load and strong ion difference across solutions appear to be clinically important. Phases of fluid therapy in acutely ill patients are recognized, including acute resuscitation, maintaining homeostasis, and recovery phases. Quantitative toxicity(fluid overload) is associated with adverse outcomes and can be mitigated when fluid therapy basedon functional hemodynamic parameters that predict volume responsiveness and minimization of non-essential fluid. Qualitative toxicity(fluid type), in particular for iatrogenic acute kidney injury and metabolic acidosis, remain a concern for synthetic colloids and isotonic saline, respectively. Physiologically balanced crystalloids may be the ‘‘default'' fluid for acutely ill patients and the role for colloids, in particular hydroxyethyl starch, is increasingly unclear. We contend the prescription of fluid therapy is analogous to the prescription of any drug used in critically ill patients. | Robert C McDermid Karthik Raghunathan Adam Romanovsky Andrew D Shaw Sean M Bagshaw | 2014 | World Journal of Critical Care Medicine2014，3，1： | 5 |
| 2 | Emerging tech- niques for long lived wireless sensor network显示文摘 | Raghunathan V Ganeriwal S Srivastava M | 2006 | IEEE Com- munications Magazine2006，44，4： | 1 |
| 3 | In vitro activity of the new quinolone derivative RD-3 against clinical isolates of Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Mycoplasma hominis显示文摘 | Sainath Rao S Raghunathan M | 2009 | J Antimicrob Chemother2009，64，6： | 1 |
| 4 | The evolution of microtexture and macrotexture during subtransus forging of Ti-10V-2Fe-3A1 显示文摘 | Raghunathan S L Dashwood R J Jackson M | 2008 | Materials Science and Engineering A2008，488，12： | 1 |
| 5 | V S On the various stages of spinod al decomposition in an Al-38at%Zn alloy显示文摘 | Ijayalakshmi M Seetharaman M Raghunathan V | 1982 | Journal of materials science1982，17，： | 1 |
| 6 | Bandwidth studies of TE0n-TE0(n+1) ripple-wall mode converters in circular waveguide显示文摘 | Lawson W Esteban M Raghunathan H | 2005 | IEEE Trans Microwave Theory and Tech2005，53，1： | 1 |
| 7 | Solvent - free microwave - assisted conversion of Baylis - Hillman adducts of ninhydrin into functionalized spiropyrrolidines/pyrrolizidines through 1,3 -dipolar cycloaddition 显示文摘 | Ramesh E Kathiresan M Raghunathan R | 2007 | Tetrahedron Lett2007，48，： | 1 |
| 8 | Incidence of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest显示文摘 | REA T D PEARCE R M RAGHUNATHAN T E | 2004 | Am J Cardiol2004，93，12： | 1 |
| 9 | Emerging techniques for long lived wireless sensor networks 显示文摘 | Raghunathan V Ganeriwal S Srivastava M | 2007 | IEEE Communications Magazine2007，44，4： | 1 |
| 10 | Value of information in two levelsupply chain with product substitution显示文摘 | Ganesh M Raghunathan S Rajendran C | 2008 | IIE Transactions2008，40，： | 1 |
| 11 | The value of information shar- ing in a multi-product, multi-level supply chain:Impactof product sub- stitution, demand correlation,and partial information sharing显示文摘 | Ganesh M Raghunathan S Rajendran C | 2014 | Deci- sion supoort systems2014，58，： | 1 |
| 12 | Energy-Aware Wireless Microsensor Networks 显示文摘 | Raghunathan V Schurgers C Park S Srivastava M B | 2002 | IEEE Signal Processing Magazine (S1053-5888)2002，19，2： | 1 |
| 13 | An integrated systems engineering approach to aircraft design 显示文摘 | Price M Raghunathan S Curran R | 2006 | Progress in Aerospace Sciences2006，42，： | 1 |
| 14 | Mierostructural characterization of TiA1 thin films grown by DC magnetron co-sputtering technique 显示文摘 | Padmaprabu C Kuppusami P Terranee A L E Mohan- das E Raghunathan V S Banerjee S Sanyal M K | 2000 | Materials Letters2000，43，： | 1 |
| 15 | Autoscale: Dynamic, robust capacity management for multi-tier da- ta centers显示文摘 | GANDHI A HARCHOL-BALTER M RAGHUNATHAN R | 2012 | ACM Transactions on Computer Systems (TOCS)2012，30，4： | 1 |
| 16 | Energy- aware wireless microsensor networks显示文摘 | Raghunathan V Sehurgers C Park S Srivastava M B | 2002 | IEEE Signal Processing Magazine2002，，19： | 1 |
| 17 | Locating Sensor in Complex Chemical Plants Based on Fault Diagnostic Observability Criteria 显示文摘 | Raghuraj R Bhushan M Raghunathan R | 1999 | AIChE Journal1999，45，2： | 1 |
| 18 | Mate Sci Eng A显示文摘 | Raghunathan S L Dashwood R J Jackson M | 2008 | 488(1-2):82008，488，12： | 1 |
| 19 | A study of P300 in melanchholic depression correlation with psychotic features显示文摘 | Malhotra S Raghunathan M | 1994 | Biol Psychiatry1994，35，： | 1 |
| 20 | Periodic tran- sonic flow and control显示文摘 | Raghunathan S Early J M Tulita C | 2008 | Aeronautical Journal2008，112，1127： | 1 |
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