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| 1 | Integrative taxonomy of the Russet Bush Warbler Locustella mandelli complex reveals a new species from central China显示文摘Background: The Russet Bush Warbler Locustella(previously Bradypterus) mandelli complex occurs in mountains in the eastern Himalayas, southern China, Vietnam, the Philippines, and Indonesia. The taxonomy has been debated,with one(L. seebohmi) to four(L. seebohmi, L. mandelli, L. montis and L. timorensis) species having been recognised.Methods: We used an integrative approach, incorporating analyses of morphology, vocalizations and a molecular marker, to re-evaluate species limits in the L. mandelli complex.Results: We found that central Chinese L. mandelli differed from those from India through northern Southeast Asia to southeast China in plumage, morphometrics and song. All were easily classified by song, and(wing + culmen)/tail ratio overlapped only marginally. Both groups were reciprocally monophyletic in a mitochondrial cytochrome b(cytb) gene tree, with a mean divergence of 1.0 ± 0.2%. They were sympatric and mostly altitudinally segregated in the breeding season in southern Sichuan province. We found that the Mt Victoria(western Myanmar) population differed vocally from other L. mandelli, but no specimens are available. Taiwan Bush Warbler L. alishanensis was sister to the L. mandelli complex, with the most divergent song. Plumage, vocal and cytb evidence supported the distinctness of the south Vietnamese L. mandelli idonea. The Timor Bush Warbler L. timorensis, Javan Bush Warbler L.montis and Benguet Bush Warbler L. seebohmi differed distinctly in plumage, but among-population song variation in L. montis exceeded the differences between some populations of these taxa, and mean pairwise cytb divergences were only 0.5–0.9%. We also found that some L. montis populations differed morphologically.Conclusions: We conclude that the central Chinese population of Russet Bush Warbler represents a new species,which we describe herein, breeding at mid elevations in Sichuan, Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan and Guizhou provinces.The taxonomic status of the other allopatric populations is less clear. However, as they differ to a degree comparable with that of the sympatric L. mandelli and the new species, we elevate L. idonea to species status, and retain L. seebohmi and L. montis as separate species, the latter with timorensis as a subspecies. Further research should focus on different populations of L. montis and the Mt Victoria population of L. mandelli. | Per Alstrom Canwei Xia Pamela C Rasmussen Urban Olsson Bo Dai Jian Zhao Paul J Leader Geoff J Carey Lu Dong Tianlong Cai Paul I Holt Hung Le Manh Gang Song Yang Liu Yanyun Zhang Fumin Lei | 2015 | Chinese Birds2015，，2： | 4 |
| 2 | 新疆鸟类环志简报显示文摘环志是研究鸟类季节性迁徙的重要手段之一 ,同时也是研究鸟类区系、生态学、形态分类学等的有效方法。2 0 0 3年 6月 1 1日~ 7月 1 0日和 8月 1 9~ 2 0日 ,笔者在新疆阿勒泰、吐鲁番、塔里木河流域、昆仑山、帕米尔高原、天山、古尔班通古特沙漠等地 1 7个环志点进行了夏季鸟类环志工作 ,这是新疆境内规模较大的一次环志活动。目的是寻找最佳环志地点 ,并进行鸟类迁徙研究。此次环志鸟类 340只 ,约 5 3种。非雀形目 6种 (占 1 1 .3% ) ,雀形目4 7种 (占 88.7% )。所使用的铝镁合金鸟环均由全国鸟类环志中心 (NBBC)提供。 | 马鸣 Paul Leader 英克劲 Geoff Carey | 2004 | 干旱区研究2004，21，2： | 4 |
| 3 | 中国鸟类新纪录——欧金翅显示文摘In April 1994 and from June to November 1998, we found the European Green-finch Carduelis chloris many times in Ili Region, Xinjiang. It is a new record of the bird for China. The paper deals with the character, geographical distribution, habitat, ecology habit etc. | 马鸣 刘坪 Richard Lewthwaite Geoff Carey 林超英 Paul Leader James Hockett | 2000 | 干旱区研究2000，17，2： | 2 |
| 4 | Pitfalls and optimal approaches to diagnose melioidosis显示文摘Melioidosis is a severe and fatal infectious disease in the tropics and subtropics. It presents as a febrile illness with protean manifestation ranging from chronic localized infection to acute fulminant septicemia with dissemination of infection to multiple organs characterized by abscesses. Pneumonia is the most common clinical presentation. Because of the wide range of clinical presentations, physicians may often misdiagnose and mistreat the disease for tuberculosis, pneumonia or other pyogenic infections. The purpose of this paper is to present common pitfalls in diagnosis and provide optimal approaches to enable early diagnosis and prompt treatment of melidoidosis. Melioidosis may occur beyond the boundaries of endemic areas. There is no pathognomonic feature specific to a diagnosis of melioidosis. In endemic areas, physicians need to expand the diagnostic work-up to include melioidosis when confronted with clinical scenarios of pyrexia of unknown origin, progressive pneumonia or sepsis. Radiological imaging is an integral part of the diagnostic workup. Knowledge of the modes of transmission and risk factors will add support in clinically suspected cases to initiate therapy. In situations of clinically highly probable or possible cases where laboratory bacteriological confirmation is not possible, applying evidence-based criteria and empirical treatment with antimicrobials is recommended. It is of prime importance that patients undergo the full course of antimicrobial therapy to avoid relapse and recurrence. Early diagnosis and appropriate management is crucial in reducing serious complications leading to high mortality, and in preventing recurrences of the disease. Thus, there is a crucial need for promoting awareness among physicians at all levels and for improved diagnostic microbiology services. Further, the need for making the disease notifiable and/or initiating melioidosis registries in endemic countries appears to be compelling. | Paul Vijay Kingsley Govindakarnavar Arunkumar Meghan Tipre Mark Leader Nalini Sathiakumar | 2016 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2016，9，6： | 0 |
| 5 | Melioidosis in India and Bangladesh: A review of case reports显示文摘Objective: To conduct an epidemiological and clinical review of published case reports of melioidosis from India and Bangladesh. Methods: Data from published case reports were abstracted and summarized. We further compared the clinical epidemiology of the melioidosis cases in India with case series from highly endemic areas in Northern Australia and Southeast Asia to elucidate any differences in presentations and risk factors between the regions.Results: We identified a total of 99 cases published between 1953 and June 2016, originating from India(n=85) or Bangladesh(n=14). Cases were predominantly male and ranged in age from 1 month to 90 years. Diabetes mellitus was the most common risk factor reported(58%). About 28% of the cases had history of exposure via high-risk occupations or exposure to contaminated water. The overall case fatality rate(CFR) was 26%. Factors influencing mortality included the occurrence of septic shock(CFR, 80%), environmental exposure(CFR,39%), primary presentation of pneumonia(CFR, 38%), misdiagnosed and/or mistreated cases(CFR, 33%) or the presence of a risk factor(CFR, 29%). Because of the small number of cases in Bangladesh, pattern of clinical epidemiology is limited to India. Soft tissue abscess(37%)was the most common clinical presentation reported from India followed by pneumonia(24%)and osteomyelitis/septic arthritis(18%). Neurological melioidosis(n=10, 12%) presented as pyemic lesions of the brain or meninges. A few cases of prostatic abscess(n=4) in men and parotid abscess(n=4) were also noted. The above patterns were consistent with case series from Southeast Asia and Northern Australia for the most part, in terms of risk factors associated with infection and factors influencing mortality. Differences included clinical presentation of pneumonia which was notably lower than that reported in Southeast Asia and Northern Australia; a higher proportion of neurological and parotid abscess presentation; and a lower CFR compared to that reported in case series in Southeast Asia. About 39% of the cases were misdiagnosed and/or mistreated, suggesting underreporting and under estimation of the true disease burden. Conclusions: The concentration of melioidosis cases in southern and eastern states in India and in Bangladesh, which share climatic conditions and rice farming activities with known endemic areas in Southeast Asia, suggests an endemicity of melioidosis in this region. Thus, increased awareness among healthcare personnel, particularly among clinicians and nurses practicing in rural areas, and improved surveillance through case registries is essential to guide early diagnosis and prompt treatment. | Meghan Tipre Paul Vijay Kingsley Tamika Smith Mark Leader Nalini Sathiakumar | 2018 | Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Medicine2018，11，5： | 0 |
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