| 1 | 生物入侵过程中的植物-土壤反馈:一种入侵植物的凋落物分解对其本地近缘植物的影响显示文摘植物入侵可通过正或负的植物-土壤反馈效应改变土壤的生物和非生物性质,从而影响入侵栖息地的土壤理化性质。许多入侵物种的凋落物分解可增加土壤养分,降低本地植物多样性,并导致进一步的植物入侵。关于入侵植物凋落物在不同土壤类型及深度分解及反馈效应的研究依然很少。本研究旨在明确入侵植物南美蟛蜞菊(Sphagneticola trilobata)凋落物在不同土壤类型和不同土壤深度条件下的分解情况及其对本地近缘植物蟛蜞菊(S.calendulacea)生理生长的影响。将装有南美蟛蜞菊凋落物的尼龙袋加入到不同深度(即0、2、4和6 cm)的砂土、营养土和粘土中,经6个月的分解后,回收凋落物袋并计算分解速率,随后在凋落物分解处理后的土壤中种植本地蟛蜞菊,并在生长期结束时测量其生理生态指标。研究结果表明,所有处理土壤类型中,凋落物在土壤深度为2和4 cm处分解后显著增加了土壤养分,而对本地蟛蜞菊的叶片叶绿素、叶氮含量等生长指标表现为负效应。因此,入侵植物南美蟛蜞菊凋落物分解对土壤养分表现为正的反馈效应,而对本地植物蟛蜞菊的生长表现为负效应。我们的研究结果还表明,入侵植物的凋落物分解对土壤和本地物种的影响还因凋落物分解所在的土壤深度而显著不同。未来的研究应侧重于入侵栖息地中更多本地和入侵物种的植物-土壤反馈效应,以及更多土壤类型和土壤深度的入侵植物凋落物效应。 | Jianfan Sun Susan Rutherford Muhammad Saif Ullah Ikram Ullah Qaiser Javed Ghulam Rasool Muhammad Ajmal Ahmad Azeem Muhammad Junaid Nazir Daolin Du | 2022 | Journal of Plant Ecology2022，15，3： | 2 |
| 2 | Migraine in physicians and final year medical students:A crosssectional insight into prevalence,self-awareness,and knowledge from Pakistan显示文摘BACKGROUND Despite its high prevalence,migraine remains underdiagnosed worldwide.A significant reason is the knowledge gap in physicians regarding diagnostic criteria,clinical features,and other clinical aspects of migraine.AIM To measure the knowledge deficit in physicians and medical students and to assess the prevalence of migraine in the same population.METHODS An online questionnaire was developed and distributed among physicians and final year medical students on duty in various medical and surgical specialties of Allied and DHQ Hospitals,Faisalabad,between October 2018 and October 2019.Inclusion criteria were public practicing physicians who experience headaches,while those who never experienced headaches were excluded.Different questions assessed respondents on their knowledge of triggers,diagnosis,management,and prophylaxis of the migraine headache.They were asked to diagnose themselves using embedded ICHD-3 diagnostic criteria for different types of migraine.Graphs,tables,and figures were made using Microsoft Office 2016 and Microsoft Visio,and data analysis was done in R Studio 1.4.RESULTS We had 213 respondents and 175 fulfilled inclusion criteria,with 99(52%),58(30%)and 12(6.3%)belonging to specialties of medicine,surgery,and others,respectively.Both genders were symmetrically represented(88 male and 87 female).Fifty-two(24.4%)of our 213 respondents were diagnosed with migraine,with 26(50%)being aware of it.Females had higher prevalence among study participants(n=28,32.2%)compared to males(n=20,22.7%,P=0.19).A majority(62%)of subjects never consulted any doctor for their headache.Similarly,a majority(62%)either never heard or did not remember the diagnostic criteria of migraine.Around 38%falsely believed that having any type of aura is essential for diagnosing migraine.The consultation rate was 37%(n=65),and migraineurs were significantly more likely to have consulted a doctor,and a neurologist in particular(P<0.001).Consulters and migraineurs fared better in the knowledge of diagnostic aspects of the disease than their counterparts.There was no significant difference in other knowledge aspects between consulters versus non-consulters and migraineurs versus nonmigraineurs.CONCLUSION Critical knowledge gaps exist between physicians and medical students,potentially contributing to misdiagnosis and mismanagement of migraine. | Hassan Choudry Fateen Ata Muhammad Naveed Naveed Alam Ruqaiya Ruqaiya Mahammed Khan Suheb Muhammad Qaiser Ikram Muhammad Muzammil Chouhdry Muaz Muaz | 2022 | World Journal of Methodology2022，12，5： | 1 |
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