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| 1 | Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lignocaine: A review显示文摘Lignocaine is an essential drug on World Health Organisation essential drug list, considered efficacious, safe and cost-effective for any health-care system. Despite its ubiquitous use in medicine and surgery, there are few detailed reviews of its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Being an amide-type local anesthetic and Class 1b antiarrhythmic, lignocaine is most frequently used clinically for its anesthetic and antiarrhythmic benefits. However, lignocaine has important antinociceptive, immuno-modulating, and antiinflammatory properties. Information pertaining to the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lignocaine was examined by performing a literature search of Pub Med, Embase and MEDLINE(via Ovid), pharmacology textbooks and online sources. We present a focused synopsis of lignocaine's pharmacological composition, indications for use and mechanisms of action, focusing on its anti-inflammatory, immuno-modulating and analgesia effects. In addition we review the dosing regimes and infusion kinetics of lignocaine in the clinical setting. Finally, we review the evidence for ligocaine's modulation of the inflammatory response during major surgery and its specific effects on cancer recurrence. These indirect effects of local anesthetics in tumor development may stem from the reduction of neuroendocrine responses to the stress response elicited by major surgery and tissue damage, enhanced preservation of immune-competence, in addition to opioid-sparing effects of modulating tumor growth. | Laurence Weinberg Benjamin Peake Chong Tan Mehrdad Nikfarjam | 2015 | World Journal of Anesthesiology2015，4，2： | 9 |
| 2 | p21-activated kinase signalling in pancreatic cancer: New insights into tumour biology and immune modulation显示文摘Pancreatic cancer is one of the most aggressive and lethal malignancies worldwide, with a very poor prognosis and a five-year survival rate less than 8%. This dismal outcome is largely due to delayed diagnosis, early distant dissemination and resistance to conventional chemotherapies. Kras mutation is a well-defined hallmark of pancreatic cancer, with over 95% of cases harbouring Kras mutations that give rise to constitutively active forms of Kras. As important down-stream effectors of Kras, p21-activated kinases(PAKs) are involved in regulating cell proliferation, apoptosis, invasion/migration and chemo-resistance. Immunotherapy is now emerging as a promising treatment modality in the era of personalized anti-cancer therapeutics. In this review, basic knowledge of PAK structure and regulation is briefly summarised and the pivotal role of PAKs in Kras-driven pancreatic cancer is highlighted in terms of tumour biology and chemoresistance. Finally, the involvement of PAKs in immune modulation in the tumour microenvironment is discussed and the potential advantages of targeting PAKs are explored. | Kai Wang Graham S Baldwin Mehrdad Nikfarjam Hong He | 2018 | World Journal of Gastroenterology2018，24，33： | 7 |
| 3 | Additional Organ Resection Combined with Pancreaticoduodenectomy does not Increase Postoperative Morbidity and Mortality显示文摘 | Mehrdad Nikfarjam Mandeep Sehmbey Eric T. Kimchi Niraj J. Gusani Serene Shereef Diego M. Avella Kevin F. Staveley-O'Carroll | 2009 | Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2009，，5： | 2 |
| 4 | Focal hyperthermia produces progressive tumor necrosis independent of the initial thermal effects显示文摘 | Mehrdad Nikfarjam M.B.B.S. Caterina Malcontenti-Wilson B.Sc. Christopher Christophi M.D. F.R.A.C.S. F.A.C.S | 2005 | Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2005，，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Improved Contemporary Surgical Management of Insulinomas: A 25-year Experience at the Massachusetts General Hospital显示文摘 | Mehrdad Nikfarjam Andrew L. Warshaw Lloyd Axelrod Vikram Deshpande Sarah P. Thayer Cristina R. Ferrone Carlos Fernández-del Castillo | 2008 | Annals of Surgery2008，，1： | 1 |
| 6 | Outcomes of contemporary management of gangrenous andnon-gangrenous acute cholecystitis显示文摘 | Mehrdad Nikfarjam Vachara Niumsawatt Arun Sethu | 2011 | HPB2011，，13： | 1 |
| 7 | Liver Regeneration Stimulates Tumor Metastases显示文摘 | Nadia Harun Mehrdad Nikfarjam Vijayaragavan Muralidharan Christopher Christophi | 2007 | Journal of Surgical Research2007，，2： | 1 |
| 8 | Association of Diabetes Mellitus and Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma: A Meta-Analysis of 88 Studies显示文摘 | Pikli Batabyal Stephen Vander Hoorn Christopher Christophi Mehrdad Nikfarjam | 2014 | Annals of Surgical Oncology2014，，： | 1 |
| 9 | The Effect of Surgical Volume and the Provision of Residency and Fellowship Training on Complications of Major Hepatic Resection显示文摘 | Geoffrey Paul Kohn Mehrdad Nikfarjam | 2010 | Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2010，，12： | 1 |
| 10 | Outcomes of contemporary management of gangrenous and non-gangrenous acute cholecystitis显示文摘 | Mehrdad Nikfarjam Vachara Niumsawatt Arun Sethu | 2011 | HPB2011，3，13： | 1 |
| 11 | A Reduction in Delayed Gastric Emptying by Classic Pancreaticoduodenectomy with an Antecolic Gastrojejunal Anastomosis and a Retrogastric Omental Patch显示文摘 | Mehrdad Nikfarjam Eric T. Kimchi Niraj J. Gusani Syed M. Shah Mandeep Sehmbey Serene Shereef Kevin F. Staveley-O’Carroll | 2009 | Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2009，，9： | 1 |
| 12 | A mixed blessing for liver transplantation patients—Rapamycin显示文摘Background:Liver transplantation(LT)is an effective treatment option for end-stage liver disease.Mammalian target of rapamycin(m TOR)inhibitors,such as rapamycin,are widely used post LT.Data sources:In this review,we focused on the anti-cancer activities and metabolic side effects of rapamycin after LT.The literature available on Pub Med for the period of January 1999-September 2022 was reviewed.The key words were rapamycin,sirolimus,liver transplantation,hepatocellular carcinoma,diabetes,and lipid metabolism disorder.Results:Rapamycin has shown excellent effects and is safer than other immunosuppressive regimens.It has exhibited excellent anti-cancer activity and has the potential in preventing hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)recurrence post LT.Rapamycin is closely related to two long-term complications after LT,diabetes and lipid metabolism disorders.Conclusions:Rapamycin prevents HCC recurrence post LT in some patients,but it also induces metabolic disorders.Reasonable use of rapamycin benefits the liver recipients. | Guang-Han Fan Chen-Zhi Zhang Feng-Qiang Gao Xu-Yong Wei Sun-Bin Ling Kai Wang Jian-Guo Wang Shu-Sen Zheng Mehrdad Nikfarjam Xiao Xu | 2023 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2023，22，1： | 1 |
| 13 | Outcomes of central hepatectomy versus extended hepatectomy显示文摘Background: Central hepatectomy(CH) is more difficult than extended hepatectomy(EH) and is associated with greater morbidity. In this modern era of liver management with aims to prevent posthepatectomy liver failure(PHLF), there is a need to assess outcomes of CH as a parenchyma-sparing procedure for centrally located liver tumors. Methods: A total of 178 major liver resections performed by specialist surgeons from two Australian tertiary institutions between June 2009 and March 2017 were reviewed. Eleven patients had CH and 24 had EH over this study period. Indications and perioperative outcomes were compared between the groups. Results: The main indication for performing CH was colorectal liver metastases. There was no perioperative mortality in the CH group and four(16.7%) in the EH group( P = 0.285). No group differences were found in median operative time [CH vs. EH: 450 min(290–840) vs. 523 min(310–860), P = 0.328], intraoperative blood loss [850 mL(40 0–150 0) vs. 650 mL(10 0–20 0 0), P = 0.746] or patients requiring intraoperative blood transfusion [1(9.1%) vs. 7(30.4%), P = 0.227]. There was a trend towards fewer hepatectomyspecific complications in the CH group [3(27.3%) vs. 13(54.2%), P = 0.167], including PHLF(CH vs. EH: 0 vs. 29.2%, P = 0.072). Median length of stay was similar between groups [CH vs. EH: 9 days(5–23) vs. 12 days(4–85), P = 0.244]. Conclusions: CH has equivalent postoperative outcomes to EH. There is a trend towards fewer hepatectomy-specific complications, including PHLF. In appropriate patients, CH may be considered as a safe parenchyma-sparing alternative to EH. | Jenny Chan Luke Bradshaw Nezor Houli Laurence Weinberg Marcos V Perini Michael Fink Vijayaragavan Muralidharan Graham Starkey Robert Jones Bao Zhong Wang Christopher Christophi Mehrdad Nikfarjam | 2019 | Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International2019，18，3： | 0 |
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