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| 1 | Under the surface:Pressure-induced planetary-scale waves,volcanic lightning,and gaseous clouds caused by the submarine eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha'apai volcano显示文摘We present a narrative of the eruptive events culminating in the cataclysmic January 15, 2022 eruption of Hunga Tonga-Hunga Ha’apai Volcano by synthesizing diverse preliminary seismic, volcanological, sound wave, and lightning data available within the first few weeks after the eruption occurred. The first hour of eruptive activity produced fast-propagating tsunami waves, long-period seismic waves, loud audible sound waves, infrasonic waves, exceptionally intense volcanic lightning and an unsteady volcanic plume that transiently reached-at 58km-the Earth’s mesosphere. Energetic seismic signals were recorded worldwide and the globally stacked seismogram showed episodic seismic events within the most intense periods of phreatoplinian activity, and they correlated well with the infrasound pressure waveform recorded in Fiji. Gravity wave signals were strong enough to be observed over the entire planet in just the first few hours, with some circling the Earth multiple times subsequently. These large-amplitude, long-wavelength atmospheric disturbances come from the Earth’s atmosphere being forced by the magmatic mixture of tephra, melt and gasses emitted by the unsteady but quasicontinuous eruption from 0402±1–1800 UTC on January 15, 2022. Atmospheric forcing lasted much longer than rupturing from large earthquakes recorded on modern instruments, producing a type of shock wave that originated from the interaction between compressed air and ambient(wavy) sea surface. This scenario differs from conventional ideas of earthquake slip, landslides, or caldera collapse-generated tsunami waves because of the enormous(~1000x) volumetric change due to the supercritical nature of volatiles associated with the hot,volatile-rich phreatoplinian plume. The time series of plume altitude can be translated to volumetric discharge and mass flow rate. For an eruption duration of ~12 h, the eruptive volume and mass are estimated at 1.9 km^(3) and~2 900 Tg, respectively, corresponding to a VEI of 5–6 for this event. The high frequency and intensity of lightning was enhanced by the production of fine ash due to magma-seawater interaction with concomitant high charge per unit mass and the high pre-eruptive concentration of dissolved volatiles. Analysis of lightning flash frequencies provides a rapid metric for plume activity and eruption magnitude. Many aspects of this eruption await further investigation by multidisciplinary teams. It represents a unique opportunity for fundamental research regarding the complex, non-linear behavior of high energetic volcanic eruptions and attendant phenomena, with critical implications for hazard mitigation, volcano forecasting, and first-response efforts in future disasters. | David A.Yuen Melissa A.Scruggs Frank J.Spera Yingcai Zheng Hao Hu Stephen R.McNutt Glenn Thompson Kyle Mandli Barry R.Keller Songqiao Shawn Wei Zhigang Peng Zili Zhou Francesco Mulargia Yuichiro Tanioka | 2022 | Earthquake Research Advances2022，2，3： | 7 |
| 2 | The stiffness of palatal mucoperico stem显示文摘 | Kydd WL Mandly J | 1967 | J Prosthetent Dent1967，18，2： | 1 |
| 3 | Evaluation of liver function for hepatic resection显示文摘 | Fazakas J Mandli T Ther G | 2006 | Transplant Proc2006，38，3： | 1 |
| 4 | Evaluation of liver function for hepatic resection 显示文摘 | FAZAKAS J MANDLI T THER G | 2006 | Transplant Proc2006，38，3： | 1 |
| 5 | Intramucosal pH monitoring during liver transplantation显示文摘 | Mandli T Condos T | 2003 | Clin Transplant2003，17，4： | 1 |
| 6 | Evaluation of liver function for hepatic resection显示文摘 | Fazakas J Mandli T Ther G | 2006 | Transplant Proe2006，38，3： | 1 |
| 7 | Vascular cognitive impa-irment:prodromal stages of ischemic vascular dementia显示文摘 | MUNOZ Arrondo Roberto GONZALEZ Mandly Andres | 2008 | Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord2008，25，5： | 1 |
| 8 | The stiffness of palatal mucopericosem显示文摘 | Kydd WL Mandly J | 1967 | J Prosthet Dent1967，18，2： | 1 |
| 9 | CT-guided fine-needle aspiration in vertebral osteomyelitis: true usefulness of a common practice 显示文摘 | de Lucas EM Gonz61ez Mandly A Guti6rrez A | 2009 | Clin Rheumatol2009，28，3： | 1 |
| 10 | The stiffness of palatal mucopericosem 显示文摘 | Kydd WL Mandly J | 1967 | J Prosthet Dent1967，18，2： | 1 |
| 11 | Geometric recon- struction of the right hemi - trunk after resection of giant chon- drosarcoma显示文摘 | Mandli G Hamad A Schiavon M | 2010 | Ann Thorac Surg2010，89，1： | 1 |
| 12 | Evaluation of Liver Function for Hepatic Resection显示文摘 | Fazakas J Mandli T Ther G | 2006 | Transplantation Proceedings2006，38，3： | 1 |
| 13 | Vascular cognitive impairment in small vessel disease: clinical and neuropsychological features of lacunar state and Binswanger′s disease显示文摘 | RamosEstebanez C MoralArce I GonzalezMandly A | 2011 | Age Ageing2011，40，2： | 1 |
| 14 | Vascular cognitive impairment in small vessel disease: Clinical and neuropsychologtcal features of lacunar state and Binswanger's disease显示文摘 | Ramos Estebanez C Moral Arce I Gonzalez Mandly A | 2011 | Ageing2011，40，2： | 1 |
| 15 | Evaluation of liver function for hepatic resection显示文摘 | FazakasJ Mandli T Ther G | 2006 | Transplant Proc2006，38，3： | 1 |
| 16 | Evaluation of liver function for hepatic resection 显示文摘 | FAZAKAS J MANDLI T THER G | 2006 | Transplant Proc2006，38，3： | 1 |
| 17 | Vascular cognitive impairment in small vessel disease:clinical and neuropsychologlcal features of lacunar state and Binswanger's disease显示文摘 | Ramos Estebanez C Moral Aroe I Gonzalez Mandly A | | 0，，02： | 1 |
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