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| 1 | Analysis of observations on the urban surface energy balance in Beijing显示文摘1 年(20092010 ) 大小从在一个 325-m 塔的三垂直的层位于闹市区北京的传感器获得的城市的表面精力平衡(SEB ) 被分析。结果显示出那:(1 ) 从 325-m 塔的大小代表位于半潮湿的温暖适度的大陆人季风气候地区的城市的 SEB 特征。在典型热、多雨的夏天,感冒和干燥冬季,测量鲍恩比率在冬季在夏天和最大值是最小的。在 140 m 测量春天,夏天,秋天,和冬季的鲍恩比率分别地是 2.86, 0.82, 1.17,和 4.16。(2 ) 在 140-m 的高度(在经常的流动层) ,中午反照率是 0.10 夏天, 0.12 为春天和秋天,并且 0.14 为冬季。白天的比率理智的热流动,潜伏的热流动,和捕捞放射的存储热流动是 0.25, 0.16,和 0.59 清楚天空的天,并且 0.33, 0.19,和 0.48 为多云的天分别地。(3 ) 在清楚天空的天下面,夜间理智的热流动是几乎零,但是潜伏的热流动比零大。为多云的天,夜间理智的热流动比在冬季的潜伏的热流动稍微大。向上的热流动是的夜间大概由于人为的版本(为夏天的主要潜伏的热,当时为冬季的潜伏、理智的热) 。 | MIAO ShiGuang DOU JunXia CHEN Fei LI Ju LI AiGuo | 2012 | Science China Earth Sciences2012，55，11： | 23 |
| 2 | Research and application on the technology system of multi-scale assessment of the impact on the atmospheric environment by urban planning显示文摘Improvement of the atmospheric environment in urban planning is an important issue to implement the sustainable development of cities. In this paper, in order to meet the demand of planning office to compare and assess quantitatively of the designs in multi-scale, based on geographical information system (GIS) data with high resolution, a multi-scale numerical modeling system for the atmospheric environment impact of urban planning is set up, and the multi-scale assessment index system is established, which compose the technology system of multi-scale assessment of the impact on the atmospheric environment by urban planning. In urban planning (urban development of Beijing) and optimizing layouts of Olympic Green, it has been applied to quantitatively evaluating the impact on atmospheric environment by urban planning before construction, which offers scientific foundation to optimize the whole and local urban layout. | WANG Guangtao, WANG Xiaoyun, MIAO Shiguang, JIANG Weimei, GUO Wenli, JI Chongping & CHEN Xianyan School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China Ministry of Construction of China, Beijing 100044, China Beijing Meteorological Bureau, Beijing 100089, China Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089, China Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China | 2005 | Science China Earth Sciences2005，48，z2： | 11 |
| 3 | Contrasting Characteristics of the Surface Energy Balance between the Urban and Rural Areas of Beijing显示文摘A direct comparison of urban and rural surface energy balances, as well as a variety of other variables including incoming shortwave/longwave radiation and aerosol optical depth, is conducted for the Beijing metropolitan area. The results indicate that, overall, the urban area receives a smaller amount of incoming shortwave radiation but a larger amount of incoming longwave radiation. However, comparisons in the aerosol optical depth and cloud fraction at the two locations suggest that neither aerosol optical depth nor cloud fraction alone can explain the difference in the incoming shortwave radiation. The urban–rural differences in the incoming longwave radiation are unlikely to be caused by the presence of more abundant greenhouse gases over the urban area, as suggested by some previous studies, given that water vapor is the most dominant greenhouse gas and precipitable water is found to be less in urban areas. The higher incoming longwave radiation observed over the urban area is mostly likely due to the higher temperatures of the ambient air. The urban area is also found to always produce higher sensible heat fluxes and lower latent heat fluxes in the growing season. Furthermore, the urban area is associated with a larger amount of available energy(the sum of sensible and latent heat fluxes) than the rural area, except in May and October when evapotranspiration in the rural area significantly exceeds that in the urban area. This study provides observational evidence of urban–rural contrasts in relevant energy-balance components that plausibly arise from urban–rural differences in atmospheric and land-surface conditions. | WANG Linlin GAO Zhiqiu MIAO Shiguang GUO Xiaofeng SUN Ting Maofeng LIU Dan LI | 2015 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2015，32，4： | 7 |
| 4 | Numerical simulation of the influence of aerosol radiation effect on urban boundary layer显示文摘With the intensification of pollution and urbanization, the aerosol radiation effect continues to play an important role in the urban boundary layer. In this paper, a winter pollution process in Beijing has been taken as an example, and a new aerosol vertical profile in the radiative parameterization scheme within the Weather Forecast Research and Forecasting(WRF) model has been updated to study the effect of aerosols on radiation and the boundary layer. Furthermore, the interactions among aerosols,urbanization, and planetary boundary layer(PBL) meteorology were discussed through a series of numerical experiments. The results show the following:(1) The optimization improves the performance of the model in simulating the distribution features of air temperature, humidity, and wind in Beijing.(2) The aerosols reduce the surface temperature by reducing solar radiation and increasing the temperature in the upper layer by absorbing or backscattering solar radiation. The changes in the PBL temperature lead to more stable atmospheric stratification, reducing the energy transfer from the surface and the height of the boundary layer.(3) With the increase in the aerosol optical depth, the atmospheric stratification most likely becomes stable over rural areas, most likely becomes stable over suburb areas, and has great difficultly becoming stable over urban areas. Aerosol radiative forcing,underlying urban surfaces, and the interaction between them are the main factors that affect the changes in the meteorological elements in the PBL. | Xinran WANG Xiaodong HE Shiguang MIAO Youjun DOU | 2018 | Science China Earth Sciences2018，61，12： | 4 |
| 5 | Enhanced modeling of latent heat flux from urban surfaces in the Noah/single-layer urban canopy coupled model显示文摘The numerical modeling of the impacts of urban buildings in mesoscale meteorological models has gradually improved in recent years. Correctly representing the latent heat flux from urban surfaces is a key issue in urban land-atmosphere coupling studies but is a common weakness in current urban canopy models. Using the surface energy balance data at a height of 140 m from a 325 m meteorological tower in Beijing, we conducted a 1-year continuous off-line simulation by using a coupled land surface model and a single-layer urban canopy model and found that this model has a relatively large systematic error for simulated latent heat flux. To improve the numerical method for modeling latent heat flux from urban surfaces, we combined observational analysis and urban land surface model to derive an oasis effect coefficient for urban green areas; to develop a temporal variation formula for water availability in urban impervious surfaces; and to specify a diurnal profile and the maximum values of anthropogenic latent heat release for four seasons. These results are directly incorporated into the urban land surface model to improve model performance. In addition, this method serves as a reference for studies in other urban areas. | MIAO ShiGuang CHEN Fei | 2014 | Science China Earth Sciences2014，57，10： | 4 |
| 6 | Localization and validation of an urbanized high-resolution land data assimilation system(u-HRLDAS)显示文摘This paper uses an urbanized high-resolution land data assimilation system(u-HRLDAS) to parameterize the urban land surface characteristics.The u-HRLDAS model is localized and developed in order to satisfy the need of the weather forecast in Beijing,China.The remote sensing data used to localize and drive u-HRLDAS include the soil type data and MODIS retrieved leaf area index(LAI) data.The evaporation and water depth for impervious surface in urban area are developed to improve the simulation of u-HRLDAS.The result of the urban weather forecast is used for the comparison based on the rapid update cycle system at Beijing Meteorological Bureau(BJ-RUC) without coupled with u-HRLDAS.The land surface temperature,land surface fluxes,and first layer soil moisture in several single sites and urban Beijing region by BJ-RUC are compared with u-HRLDAS after localization and development.The off-line simulation results indicate that compared with BJ-RUC,after the localization and development,u-HRLDAS can improve the simulation of land surface parameters and fluxes definitely. | MENG ChunLei ZHANG ChaoLin MIAO ShiGuang CHEN Fei | 2013 | Science China Earth Sciences2013，56，6： | 4 |
| 7 | A Microscale Model for Air Pollutant Dispersion Simulation in Urban Areas: Presentation of the Model and Performance over a Single Building显示文摘A microscale air pollutant dispersion model system is developed for emergency response purposes. The model includes a diagnostic wind field model to simulate the wind field and a random-walk air pollutant dispersion model to simulate the pollutant concentration through consideration of the influence of urban buildings. Numerical experiments are designed to evaluate the model's performance, using CEDVAL(Compilation of Experimental Data for Validation of Microscale Dispersion Models) wind tunnel experiment data, including wind fields and air pollutant dispersion around a single building. The results show that the wind model can reproduce the vortexes triggered by urban buildings and the dispersion model simulates the pollutant concentration around buildings well. Typically, the simulation errors come from the determination of the key zones around a building or building cluster. This model has the potential for multiple applications; for example, the prediction of air pollutant dispersion and the evaluation of environmental impacts in emergency situations; urban planning scenarios;and the assessment of microscale air quality in urban areas. | Ning ZHANG Yunsong DU Shiguang MIAO | 2016 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2016，33，2： | 3 |
| 8 | Evaluation of a Micro-scale Wind Model's Performance over Realistic Building Clusters Using Wind Tunnel Experiments显示文摘The simulation performance over complex building clusters of a wind simulation model(Wind Information Field Fast Analysis model, WIFFA) in a micro-scale air pollutant dispersion model system(Urban Microscale Air Pollution dispersion Simulation model, UMAPS) is evaluated using various wind tunnel experimental data including the CEDVAL(Compilation of Experimental Data for Validation of Micro-Scale Dispersion Models) wind tunnel experiment data and the NJU-FZ experiment data(Nanjing University-Fang Zhuang neighborhood wind tunnel experiment data). The results show that the wind model can reproduce the vortexes triggered by urban buildings well, and the flow patterns in urban street canyons and building clusters can also be represented. Due to the complex shapes of buildings and their distributions, the simulation deviations/discrepancies from the measurements are usually caused by the simplification of the building shapes and the determination of the key zone sizes. The computational efficiencies of different cases are also discussed in this paper. The model has a high computational efficiency compared to traditional numerical models that solve the Navier–Stokes equations, and can produce very high-resolution(1–5 m) wind fields of a complex neighborhood scale urban building canopy(~ 1 km ×1km) in less than 3 min when run on a personal computer. | Ning ZHANG Yunsong DU Shiguang MIAO Xiaoyi FANG | 2016 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2016，33，8： | 3 |
| 9 | Oscillation of Surface PM2.5 Concentration Resulting from an Alternation of Easterly and Southerly Winds in Beijing: Mechanisms and Implications显示文摘We used simultaneous measurements of surface PM_(2.5) concentration and vertical profiles of aerosol concentration,temperature, and humidity, together with regional air quality model simulations, to study an episode of aerosol pollution in Beijing from 15 to 19 November 2016. The potential effects of easterly and southerly winds on the surface concentrations and vertical profiles of the PM_(2.5) pollution were investigated. Favorable easterly winds produced strong upward motion and were able to transport the PM_(2.5) pollution at the surface to the upper levels of the atmosphere. The amount of surface PM_(2.5) pollution transported by the easterly winds was determined by the strength and height of the upward motion produced by the easterly winds and the initial height of the upward wind. A greater amount of PM_(2.5) pollution was transported to upper levels of the atmosphere by upward winds with a lower initial height. The pollutants were diluted by easterly winds from clean ocean air masses. The inversion layer was destroyed by the easterly winds and the surface pollutants and warm air masses were then lifted to the upper levels of the atmosphere, where they re-established a multi-layer inversion. This region of inversion was strengthened by the southerly winds, increasing the severity of pollution. A vortex was produced by southerly winds that led to the convergence of air along the Taihang Mountains. Pollutants were transported from southern–central Hebei Province to Beijing in the boundary layer. Warm advection associated with the southerly winds intensified the inversion produced by the easterly winds and a more stable boundary layer was formed. The layer with high PM_(2.5) concentration became dee-per with persistent southerly winds of a certain depth. The polluted air masses then rose over the northern Taihang Mountains to the northern mountainous regions of Hebei Province. | Zhaobin SUN Xiaoling ZHANG Xiujuan ZHAO Xiangao XIA Shiguang MIAO Ziming LI Zhigang CHENG Wei WEN Yixi TANG | 2018 | Journal of Meteorological Research2018，32，2： | 3 |
| 10 | Advances in Urban Meteorological Research in China显示文摘Over the past decades,a large number of studies have been carried out in the field of urban meteorology in China.This paper summarizes the main progress in urban meteorology research from four aspects:urban meteorological observation network and field campaign,multi-scale model of urban meteorology,interaction between urban meteorology and atmospheric environment,and the impacts of urbanization on weather and climate.Major advances are as follows.China’s major cities have established or are improving comprehensive urban meteorological observation networks characterized by multi-platform,multi-variable,multi-scale,multi-link,and multi-function.Beijing,Nanjing,Shanghai,and other cities carried out urban meteorological field campaigns,which were included in the WMO research demonstration project.Wind tunnel experiments and scale-model outdoor experiments were successfully conducted.Multi-scale urban meteorological and air quality prediction numerical model systems have been developed and put into operational use.The urban heat island effect;urban impacts on precipitation,regional climate,and air quality;urban planning;and interaction between urban meteorology and atmospheric environment are extensively investigated.Finally,efforts to improve observational technology,data assimilation,and urban system modeling,to explore the impacts of urbanization on environment and human health,and to provide integrated urban hydro-meteorological climate and environmental services are planned ahead. | Shiguang MIAO Weimei JIANG Ping LIANG Hongnian LIU Xuemei WANG Jianguo TAN Ning ZHANG Ju LI Wupeng DU Lin PEI | 2020 | Journal of Meteorological Research2020，34，2： | 2 |
| 11 | An Observational and Modeling Study of Characteristics of Urban Heat Island and Boundary Layer Structures in Beijing显示文摘 | Miao Shiguang Chen Fei LeMone Margaret A Tewari Mukul Li Qingchun Wang Yingchun | 2009 | Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology2009，，3： | 1 |
| 12 | Effects of mixing methods of bifunctional catalysts on catalyst stability of DME synthesis via CO_(2)hydrogenation显示文摘The effects of three different mixing methods of CuO/ZnO/Al_(2)O_(3)(CZA)and HZSM-5 bifunctional catalyst on the stability for dimethyl ether(DME)synthesis from carbon dioxide(CO_(2))hydrogenation were investigated.When the bifunctional catalyst was prepared by method A(mixing powder without pelletization),there was no significant change in DME production and catalyst stability when the HZSM-5 loading was varied between 0.1 g and 0.5 g with a fixed CZA loading of 0.5 g,.When the bifunctional catalysts were prepared by method B(pressed into pellets of CZA and pellets of HZSM-5 and then mixed)and method C(mixed CZA and HZSM-5 powders,then pressed into pellets),the mixing methods did not initially impact CO_(2)conversion and had a minor effect on DME yield.However,long-term tests(100 h)indicated that the mixing method had a significant influence on the catalyst stability.Method B showed the best stability and the extent of catalyst deactivation followed the sequence of method B | Shoujie Ren Shiguang Li Naomi Klinghoffer Miao Yu Xinhua Liang | 2019 | Carbon Resources Conversion2019，2，1： | 1 |
| 13 | An Observational and Modeling Study of Characteristics of Urban Heat Island and Boundary Layer Structures in Beijing显示文摘 | Miao Shiguang Chen Fei LeMone Margaret A Tewari Mukul Li Qingchun Wang Yingchun | 2009 | Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology2009，，3： | 1 |
| 14 | The multi-scale numerical modehng system for the research on the relationship between urban planning and meteorological environment显示文摘 | FANG Xiaoyi JIANG Weimei MIAO Shiguang | 2004 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2004，21，4： | 1 |
| 15 | Impact Assessment of Urban Meteorology and the Atmospheric Environment Using Urban Sub-Domain Planning显示文摘 | Shiguang Miao Weimei Jiang Xiaoyun Wang Wenli Guo | 2006 | Boundary - Layer Meteorology2006，，1： | 1 |
| 16 | Enhanced stability of Fe-modified CuO-ZnO-ZrO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)/HZSM-5 bifunctional catalysts for dimethyl ether synthesis from CO_(2)hydrogenation显示文摘A series of iron(Fe)modified CuO-ZnO-ZrO_(2)-Al_(2)O_(3)(CZZA)catalysts,with various Fe loadings,were prepared using a co-precipitation method.A bifunctional catalyst,consisting of Fe-modified CZZA and HZSM-5,was studied for dimethyl ether(DME)synthesis via CO_(2)hydrogenation.The effects of Fe loading,reaction temperature,reaction pressure,space velocity,and concentrations of precursor for the synthesis of the Fe-modified CZZA catalyst on the catalytic activity of DME synthesis were investigated.Long-term stability tests showed that Fe modification of the CZZA catalyst improved the catalyst stability for DME synthesis via CO_(2)hydrogenation.The activity loss,in terms of DME yield,was significantly reduced from 4.2%to 1.4%in a 100 h run of reaction,when the Fe loading amount was 0.5(molar ratio of Fe to Cu).An analysis of hydrogen temperature programmed reduction revealed that the introduction of Fe improved the reducibility of the catalysts,due to assisted adsorption of H2 on iron oxide.The good stability of Femodified CZZA catalysts in the DME formation was most likely attributed to oxygen spillover that was introduced by the addition of iron oxide.This could have inhibited the oxidation of the Cu surface and enhanced the thermal stability of copper during long-term reactions. | Xiao Fan Shoujie Ren Baitang Jin Shiguang Li Miao Yu Xinhua Liang | 2021 | Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering2021，34，10： | 1 |
| 17 | Impact assessment of urban meteorology and the atmospheric environ- ment using urban sub-domain planning显示文摘 | Miao Shiguang Jiang Weimei Wang Xiaoyun | 2006 | Bound Layer Meteor2006，118，： | 1 |
| 18 | An Observational and Modeling Study of Characteristics of Urban Heat Island and Boundary Layer Structures in Beijing显示文摘 | Miao Shiguang Chen Fei LeMone Margaret A Tewari Mukul Li Qingchun Wang Yingchun | 2009 | Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology2009，，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Impact of the Complex Terrain in Beijing on Formation of Low-Level Jets显示文摘This study investigated how the Taihang Mountains and the Yanshan Mountains affect low-level jets(LLJs)in the Beijing area,based on conventional radiosonde observations from Nanjiao Observatory(2016–2017)and high-resolution Weather Research and Forecasting–Advanced Research WRF(WRF-ARW)model simulations.Analysis of radiosonde observations indicated that LLJs in the study area are mainly from the southwest and northwest directions,with occurrence frequency of 44.6%and 33.0%,respectively.Southwest(northwest)LLJs are aligned parallel(perpendicular)to the orientation of the Taihang Mountain Range.Terrain sensitivity experiments using the WRF-ARW model were then conducted to examine the effects of terrain forcing on the northwest and southwest LLJs,with adopted terrain heights of 100%and 50%.The results showed that for northwest LLJs,reduction in the elevation of the Taihang Mountain Range led to weakening of jet intensity by approximately 20%and reduction in jet maximum height by approximately 250 m;lowering the Yanshan Mountain Range had minor influence on the northwest LLJs,with only a 5.2%reduction in intensity and no substantial change in jet maximum height.For southwest LLJs,reduction in the elevation of both the Taihang and Yanshan Mountain ranges resulted in minor changes in the intensity and height of the jets.Further analysis revealed that the topography in the Beijing area could modulate the height and intensity of the stable layer by altering the inversion structure within the boundary layer.The LLJs can develop rapidly within the stable layer,and both the location and the scale of the jet core exhibited reasonable agreement with the extent of the stable layer. | Li’ao ZHOU Chenggang WANG Shiguang MIAO Ju LI | 2024 | Journal of Meteorological Research2024，38，1： | 0 |
| 20 | Impact of the Horizontal Heat Flux in the Mixed Layer on an Extreme Heat Event in North China:A Case Study显示文摘Extreme heat over the North China Plain is typically induced by anomalous descending flows associated with anticyclonic circulation anomalies. However, an extreme heat event that happened in the North China Plain region on 12–13 July 2015,with maximum temperature higher than 40℃ at some stations, was characterized by only a weak simultaneous appearance of an anomalous anticyclone and descending flow, suggesting that some other factor(s) may have induced this heat event. In this study, we used the forecast data produced by the Beijing Rapid Updated Cycling operational forecast system, which predicted the heat event well, to investigate the formation mechanism of this extreme heat event. We calculated the cumulative heat in the mixed-layer air column of North China to represent the change in surface air temperature. The cumulative heat was composed of sensible heat flux from the ground surface and the horizontal heat flux convergence. The results indicated that the horizontal heat flux in the mixed layer played a crucial role in the temporal and spatial distribution of high temperatures.The horizontal heat flux was found to be induced by distinct distributions of air temperatures and horizontal winds at low levels during the two days, implying a complexity of the low-level atmosphere in causing the extreme heat. | Ying NA Riyu LU Bing LU Min CHEN Shiguang MIAO | 2019 | Advances in Atmospheric Sciences2019，36，2： | 0 |
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