| 1 | 生态学的时空特性(英文)显示文摘众所周知 ,几乎所有的生态学特征和现象都受限于一定的时间和空间。因此 ,相应的科学假设和相关的生态学结论也只能基于这些特定的时空尺度范围。我们利用颇为熟知的事例 ,引用生态学文献中的具体实例 ,提纲挈领地论述了时空在生态学研究中的重要性。这些实例包括我们在长白山对云、冷杉 (Piceajezoensis,Abiesnephrolepis)林林冠结构的模拟、在北美应用遥感和气象方法对碳通量的估算 ,以及测定湿地生态系统对加温的反应等。文中所涉及的所有生态学现象 ,对时间和空间都有强烈的依赖性。因而 ,从生态学问题的提出 ,到科学假设的演绎 ,以至试验设计和综合数据分析 ,都必须以时、空为前提 ,才不至于导致荒谬结论。 | James M.LE MOINE 陈吉泉 | 2003 | 植物生态学报2003，27，1： | 6 |
| 3 | Metabolic pathways as possible therapeutic targets for progressive multiple sclerosis显示文摘Unlike relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, there are very few therapeutic options for patients with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis. While immune mechanisms are key participants in the pathogenesis of relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis, the mechanisms underlying the development of progressive multiple sclerosis are less well understood. Putative mechanisms behind progressive multiple sclerosis have been put forth: insufficient energy production via mitochondrial dysfunction, activated microglia, iron accumulation, oxidative stress, activated astrocytes, Wallerian degeneration, apoptosis, etc. Furthermore, repair processes such as remyelination are incomplete. Experimental therapies that strive to improve metabolism within neurons and glia, e.g., oligodendrocytes, could act to counter inadequate energy supplies and/or support remyelination. Most experimental approaches have been examined as standalone interventions; however, it is apparent that the biochemical steps being targeted are part of larger pathways, which are further intertwined with other metabolic pathways. Thus, the potential benefits of a tested intervention, or of an established therapy, e.g., ocrelizumab, could be undermined by constraints on upstream and/or downstream steps. If correct, then this argues for a more comprehensive, multifaceted approach to therapy. Here we review experimental approaches to support neuronal and glial metabolism, and/or promote remyelination, which may have potential to lessen or delay progressive multiple sclerosis. | Rebecca M.Heidker Mitchell R.Emerson Steven M.Le Vine | 2017 | Neural Regeneration Research2017，12，8： | 1 |
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