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| 1 | Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the rectum: An update and implications for treatment显示文摘AIM: To provide an update on the aetiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, staging and management of rectal squamous cell carcinoma(SCC).METHODS: A systematic review was conducted according to the preferred reporting items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A comprehensive search of Ovid MEDLINE was performed with the reference list of selected articles reviewed to ensure all relevant publications were captured. The search strategy was limited to the English language, spanning from 1946 to 2015. A qualitative analysis was undertaken examining patient demographics, clinical presentation, diagnosis, staging, treatment and outcome. The quantitaive analysis was limited to data extracted on treatment and outcomes including radiological, clinical and pathological complete response where available. The narrative and quantitative review were synthesised in concert.RESULTS: The search identified 487 articles in total with 79 included in the qualitative review. The quantitative analysis involved 63 articles, consisting of 43 case reports and 20 case series with a total of 142 individual cases. The underlying pathogenesis of rectal SCC while unclear, continues to be defined, with increasing evidence of a metaplasia-dysplasia-carcinoma sequence and a possible role for human papilloma virus in this progression. The presentation is similar to rectal adenocarcinoma, with a diagnosis confirmed by endoscopic biopsy. Many presumed rectal SCC's are in fact an extension of an anal SCC, and cytokeratin markers are a useful adjunct in this distinction. Staging is most accurately reflected by the tumour-nodemetastasis classification for rectal adenocarcinoma. It involves examining locoregional disease by way of magnetic resonance imaging and/or endorectal ultrasound, with systemic spread excluded by way of computed tomography. Positron emission tomography is integral in the workup to exclude an external siteof primary SCC with metastasis to the rectum. While the optimal treatment remains as yet undefined, recent studies have demonstrated a global shift away from surgery towards definitive chemoradiotherapy as primary treatment. Pooled overall survival was calculated to be 86% in patients managed with chemoradiation compared with 48% for those treated traditionally with surgery. Furthermore, local recurrence and metastatic rates were 25% vs 10% and 30% vs 13% for the chemoradiation vs conventional treatment cohorts.CONCLUSION: The changing paradigm in the treatment of rectal SCC holds great promise for improved outcomes in this rare disease. | Glen R Guerra Cherng H Kong Satish K Warrier Andrew C Lynch Alexander G Heriot Samuel Y Ngan | 2016 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Surgery2016，8，3： | 5 |
| 2 | Relationship between HER-2 overexpression and brain metastasis in esophageal cancer patients显示文摘AIM:To study if HER-2 overexpression by locally advanced esophageal cancers increase the chance of brain metastasis following esophagectomy.METHODS:We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of esophageal cancer patients who underwent esophagectomy at University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics between 2000 and 2010.Data analyzed consisted of demographic and clinical variables.The brain metastasis tissue was assayed for HER-2 overexpression utilizing the FDA approved DAKO Hercept Test.RESULTS:One hundred and forty two patients were reviewed.Median age was 64 years(36-86 years).Eighty eight patients(62%) received neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy.Pathological complete and partial responses were achieved in 17(19%) and 71(81%) patients.Cancer relapsed in 43/142(30%) patients.The brain was the first site of relapse in 9/43 patients(21%,95% CI:10%-36%).HER-2 immunohistochemistry testing of the brain metastasis tissue showed that 5/9(56%) cases overexpressed HER-2(3+ staining).CONCLUSION:HER-2 overexpression might be associated with increased risk of brain metastasis in esophageal cancer patients following esophagectomy.Further studies will be required to validate this observation. | Taher Abu Hejleh Barry R DeYoung Eric Engelman Jeremy M Deutsch Bridget Zimmerman Thorvardur R Halfdanarson Daniel J Berg Kalpaj R Parekh William R Lynch Mark D Iannettoni Sudershan Bhatia Gerald Clamon | 2012 | World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology2012，4，5： | 5 |
| 3 | Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor underlying responsiveness of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib显示文摘 | Lynch TJ Bell DW Sordella R | | 0，，21： | 2 |
| 4 | Winter composting using the passively aerated windrow system显示文摘 | Lynch N J Cherry R S | 1996 | Compost Science & Utilization1996，4，3： | 2 |
| 5 | Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor underlying responsiveness of non-small-cell lung cancer to Gefitinib显示文摘 | Lynch TJ Bell DW Sordella R | 2004 | N Engl J Med2004，350，21： | 1 |
| 6 | The cracked tooth syndrome显示文摘 | Lynch C D McConnell R J | 2002 | J Can Dent Assoc2002，68，8： | 1 |
| 7 | Studies on experimental hypertension:Production of persistent elevation of systolic blood pressure by means of renal ischemia显示文摘 | Goldblatt H Lynch J Hanzal R F Summerville W W | 1934 | J Exp Med1934，59，： | 1 |
| 8 | The effect of celecoxib,a cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor,in familial adenomatous polyposis显示文摘 | Steinbach G Lynch P M Philips R | 2000 | N Engl J Med2000，342，26： | 1 |
| 9 | Lymphomatoid granulomatosis:radiologic features and pathologic correlations显示文摘 | Lee JS Tuder R Lynch D | 2000 | AJR2000，175，11： | 1 |
| 10 | Expression of a Bacillus thuringiensis cryIA (c)gene in transgenic peanut plants and its efficacy against lesser cornstalk borer显示文摘 | Singsit C Adang M J Lynch R E | 1997 | Transgenic Research1997，6，： | 1 |
| 11 | Activating mutations in the 2pidermal growth factor receptor underlying responsiveness of non-small-cell lung cancer to Gefitinib显示文摘 | Lynch TJ Bell DW Sordellar R | 2004 | N EngI J Med2004，350，21： | 1 |
| 12 | An investigation of boundary - forcing sensitivities in a regional climate model显示文摘 | Lynch A H Cullather R I | 2000 | Journal of Geophysical Research - Atmospheres2000，105，26： | 1 |
| 13 | Interferencebetween Raman resonances in four-wave differencemixing 显示文摘 | Lotem H Lynch Jr R Bloembergen N | 1976 | Physical Review A1976，14，5： | 1 |
| 14 | Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor underlying responsivensess of non-small-cell lung canacer togefitinib显示文摘 | Lynch TJ Bell DW Sordella R | 2004 | New Eng J Med2004，350，21： | 1 |
| 15 | Activa - ting mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor underlying responsiveness of non - small - cell lung cancer to gefitinib 显示文摘 | Lynch TJ Bell DW Sordella R | 2004 | N Engl J Med2004，350，21： | 1 |
| 16 | Organic matter,putative nannobacteria and theformation of ooids and hardgrounds显示文摘 | Folk R L Lynch F L | | Sedimentology0，48，21： | 1 |
| 17 | Hybrid I/O automata显示文摘 | Lynch N Segala R Vaandrager F | 2003 | In- formation and Computation2003，185，1： | 1 |
| 18 | Myocardial infarction and normal coronary arteriography:a 10 year clinical and risk analysis of 74 patients显示文摘 | Raymond R Lynch J Underwood D | 1988 | J Am Coll Cardiol1988，11，3： | 1 |
| 19 | Co-evolution of a broadly neu-tralizing HIV-1 antibody and founder virus 显示文摘 | Liao HX Lynch R Zhou T | 2013 | Nature2013，496，46： | 1 |
| 20 | Interaction of Iron with Other Nutrients 显示文摘 | Scan R Lynch M D | 1997 | Nutrition Reviews1997，55，4： | 1 |
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